Israel Aharoni (1882 - 1946 he, ישראל אהרוני) was a zoologist in
Ottoman and
British Palestine widely known as the "first
Hebrew
Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...
zoologist
Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and d ...
."
Aharoni is best known for collecting a litter of
Syrian hamster
The golden hamster or Syrian hamster (''Mesocricetus auratus'') is a rodent belonging to the hamster subfamily, Cricetinae. Their natural geographical range is in an arid region of northern Syria and southern Turkey. Their numbers have been de ...
s on an expedition to
Aleppo,
Syria. The hamsters were bred as laboratory animals in
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
, but some escaped through a hole in the floor. The majority of hamsters in
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
today are thus said to be descended from this one litter.
Biography
Israel Aharoni was born in
Vidzy
Vidzy (; ; ; ; ) is an urban settlement in the Vitebsk Region, in Belarus. In 2014, its population was .Official estimation of the population on 1 January 2014, se''pop-stat.mashke.org''
History
During World War II, Vidzy was occupied by Nazi G ...
,
Kovno Governorate
Kovno Governorate ( rus, Ковенская губеpния, r=Kovenskaya guberniya; lt, Kauno gubernija) or Governorate of Kaunas was a governorate ('' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire. Its capital was Kaunas (Kovno in Russian). It was forme ...
,
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
(in present-day
Belarus
Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...
). His father, Avraham Yossef Aharonovich, was the
Rosh yeshiva of Vidzy and died before his son Israel was born. Israel lost his mother as well when he was two years old.
Being an orphan, he lived with his grandmother and studied at a
Cheder
A ''cheder'' ( he, חדר, lit. "room"; Yiddish pronunciation ''kheyder'') is a traditional primary school teaching the basics of Judaism and the Hebrew language.
History
''Cheders'' were widely found in Europe before the end of the 18th ...
and later on at the
Telshe yeshiva
Telshe Yeshiva (also spelled ''Telz'') is a yeshiva in Wickliffe, Ohio, formerly located in Telšiai, Lithuania. During World War II the yeshiva began relocating to Wickliffe, Ohio, in the United States and is now known as the Rabbinical College ...
.
At the age of 13, Israel ran away from his home to
Prague
Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and List of cities in the Czech Republic, largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 milli ...
, were he attended school and later on continued to learn
zoology
Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and ...
at
Charles University.
He
immigrated
Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or naturalized citizens. Commuters, tourists, and ...
to Palestine in 1901, which was then under Turkish rule. His early zoological expeditions took place under the protection of the local Sultan, for whom he obtained
butterfly
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprise ...
specimens. Many of his collected specimens can still be viewed at the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Zoology career
Aharoni discovered 30 previously unknown species of animals, insects and birds, and is credited with giving them Hebrew names.
In 1930, Aharoni set off to look for Syrian hamsters at the request of his colleague
Saul Adler
Saul Adler FRS ( he, שאול אדלר; May 17, 1895 – January 25, 1966) was an Israeli expert on parasitology.
Early life
Adler was born in 1895 in Kerelits (Karelichy), then in the Russian Empire, now in Belarus. In 1900, he and his family ...
, a
parasitologist
Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question but by their way of life. This means it ...
who was looking for an easily breedable alternative to the
Chinese hamster for research on the disease
Leishmaniasis. Syrian hamsters had been discovered and named by
George Robert Waterhouse
George Robert Waterhouse (6 March 1810 – 21 January 1888) was an English naturalist. He was a keeper at the department of geology and later curator of the Zoological Society of London's museum.
Early life
George was born in Somers Town t ...
in 1839 but had not been sighted since. Together with a
Syrian guide named ''Georgius Khalil Tah'an'', Aharoni managed to discover a
nest
A nest is a structure built for certain animals to hold eggs or young. Although nests are most closely associated with birds, members of all classes of vertebrates and some invertebrates construct nests. They may be composed of organic materi ...
containing a female and eleven young in the
Aleppo region. However,
cannibalism of one of the litter by the mother, and the subsequent death of the mother, meant that Aharoni had to hand-rear the pups during the journey back. The four that made it were bred successfully and used extensively in laboratories, before being introduced to the pet market in the 1940s.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aharoni, Israel
1882 births
1946 deaths
People from Braslaw District
People from Novoalexandrovsky Uyezd
Belarusian Jews
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the Ottoman Empire
Ashkenazi Jews in Ottoman Palestine
Ashkenazi Jews in Mandatory Palestine
20th-century Israeli zoologists
Taxonomists
Charles University alumni
Hebrew University of Jerusalem faculty
Burials at the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives