''Isopogon'', commonly known as conesticks, conebushes or coneflowers,
is a genus of about forty species of flowering plants in the family
Proteaceae
The Proteaceae form a family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genera with about 1,660 known species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae, they make up the order Pro ...
, and are
endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...
to Australia. They are shrubs with rigid leaves,
bisexual
Bisexuality is a romantic or sexual attraction or behavior toward both males and females, or to more than one gender. It may also be defined to include romantic or sexual attraction to people regardless of their sex or gender identity, whi ...
flowers in a dense spike or "cone" and the fruit is a small, hairy
nut
Nut often refers to:
* Nut (fruit), fruit composed of a hard shell and a seed, or a collective noun for dry and edible fruits or seeds
* Nut (hardware), fastener used with a bolt
Nut or Nuts may also refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Com ...
.
Description
Plants in the genus ''Isopogon'' are erect or prostrate shrubs with rigid, usually
compound, rarely simple leaves. Compound leaves are deeply divided with flat or cylindrical lobes. The flowers are usually arranged on the ends of branches, usually surrounded by
bracts
In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of ...
, in a more or less conical or spherical spike. Each flower is bisexual and symmetrical, the
tepal
A tepal is one of the outer parts of a flower (collectively the perianth). The term is used when these parts cannot easily be classified as either sepals or petals. This may be because the parts of the perianth are undifferentiated (i.e. of very ...
s spreading as the flower develops, the lower part persisting unit the fruit expands. The fruit are fused to form a woody cone-like to more or less spherical structure, each fruit a nut with bracts that eventually fall and release the fruit. ''Isopogon'' have 13
haploid
Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Sets of chromosomes refer to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respectively ...
chromosomes.
Taxonomy
The genus ''Isopogon'' was first formally described in 1809 by
Joseph Knight in ''
'', preempting publication of the same name by
Robert Brown in his book ''
On the natural order of plants called Proteaceae
''On the natural order of plants called Proteaceae'', also published as "On the Proteaceae of Jussieu", was a paper written by Robert Brown on the taxonomy of the plant family Proteaceae. It was read to the Linnean Society of London in the first ...
''.
Species list
The following is a list of species, subspecies and varieties of ''Isopogon'' accepted by the
Australian Plant Census The Australian Plant Census (APC) provides an online interface to currently accepted, published, scientific names of the vascular flora of Australia, as one of the output interfaces of the national government Integrated Biodiversity Information Syst ...
as at November 2020:
* ''
Isopogon adenanthoides''
Meisn. (W.A.) - spider coneflower
* ''
Isopogon alcicornis''
Diels Diels is the last name of several people:
* Rudolf Diels (1900–1957), German politician
* Otto Diels (1876–1954), German scientist noted for his work on the Diels–Alder reaction
* Ludwig Diels (1874–1945), German botanist
* Hermann Diels
...
(W.A.) - elkhorn coneflower
* ''
Isopogon anemonifolius''
(Salisb.
Richard Anthony Salisbury, Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (born Richard Anthony Markham; 2 May 1761 – 23 March 1829) was a British botanist. While he carried out valuable work in horticultural and botanical sciences, several bitter disputes ...
) Knight (N.S.W.) - broad-leaved drumsticks
* ''
Isopogon anethifolius''
(Salisb.) Knight (N.S.W.) - narrow-leaved drumsticks
* ''
Isopogon asper''
R.Br. (W.A.)
* ''
Isopogon attenuatus''
R.Br. (W.A.)
* ''
Isopogon axillaris''
R.Br. (W.A.)
* ''
Isopogon baxteri''
R.Br. (W.A.) - Stirling Range coneflower
* ''
Isopogon buxifolius''
R.Br. (W.A.)
** ''Isopogon buxifolius''
R.Br. var. ''buxifolius''
** ''Isopogon buxifolius'' var. ''obovatus''
(R.Br.)Benth.
George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...
* ''
Isopogon ceratophyllus''
R.Br. (S.A., Vic., Tas.) - wild Irishman, horny cone bush
* ''
Isopogon crithmifolius''
F.Muell.
Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Victo ...
(W.A.)
* ''
Isopogon cuneatus''
R.Br. (W.A.) - coneflower
* ''
Isopogon dawsonii
''Isopogon dawsonii'', commonly known as the Nepean conebush, is a shrub of the family Proteaceae and is endemic eastern to New South Wales. It has pinnate leaves with narrow segments and spherical heads of creamy yellow to greyish white flower ...
''
F.Muell. ex R.T.Baker
Richard Thomas Baker (1 December 1854 – 14 July 1941) was an Australian economic botanist, museum curator and educator.
Early life
Baker was born in Woolwich, England, son of Richard Thomas Baker, a blacksmith, and his wife Sarah, née Colkett ...
(N.S.W.) - Nepean cone bush
* ''
Isopogon divergens''
R.Br. (W.A.) - spreading coneflower
* ''
Isopogon drummondii
''Isopogon drummondii'' is a small shrub of the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It was first formally described in 1843 by Henri Antoine Jacques in ''Annales de Flore et de Pomone'' from an unpublished de ...
''
Hügel ex Jacques (W.A.)
* ''
Isopogon dubius
''Isopogon dubius'', commonly known as pincushion coneflower, is a species of plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with sharply-pointed, deeply lobed or pinnate leaves and more or l ...
''
(R.Br.) Druce (W.A.) - pincushion coneflower
* ''
Isopogon fletcheri''
F.Muell. (N.S.W.) - Fletcher's drumsticks
* ''
Isopogon formosus''
R.Br. (W.A.) - rose coneflower
** ''Isopogon formosus'' subsp. ''dasylepis''
(Meisn.) Foreman
__NOTOC__
A foreman, forewoman or foreperson is a supervisor, often in a manual trade or industry.
Foreman may specifically refer to:
*Construction foreman, the worker or tradesman who is in charge of a construction crew
* Jury foreman, a head j ...
** ''Isopogon formosus
R.Br. subsp. ''formosus''
* ''
Isopogon gardneri''
Foreman (W.A.)
* ''
Isopogon heterophyllus''
Meisn. (W.A.)
* ''
Isopogon inconspicuus''
(Meisn.) Foreman (W.A.)
* ''
Isopogon latifolius''
R.Br. (W.A.)
* ''
Isopogon linearis''
Meisn. (W.A.)
* ''
Isopogon longifolius''
R.Br. (W.A.)
* ''
Isopogon mnoraifolius''
McGill.
Donald John McGillivray (20 August 1935 – 17 August 2012) in New South Wales, Australia, usually known as D.J. McGillivray, was an Australian botanical taxonomist. He was trained in forestry, and became interested in plant taxonomy just before ...
(N.S.W.)
* ''
Isopogon panduratus''
Hislop & Rye
Rye (''Secale cereale'') is a grass grown extensively as a grain, a cover crop and a forage crop. It is a member of the wheat tribe (Triticeae) and is closely related to both wheat (''Triticum'') and barley (genus ''Hordeum''). Rye grain is u ...
(W.A.)
** ''Isopogon panduratus'' subsp. ''palustris''
Hislop & Rye
** ''Isopogon panduratus''
Hislop & Rye subsp. ''panduratus''
* ''
Isopogon petiolaris''
R.Br. (Qld., N.S.W.)
* ''
Isopogon polycephalus''
R.Br. (W.A.) - clustered coneflower
* ''
Isopogon prostratus
''Isopogon prostratus'', commonly known as prostrate cone-bush, is a species of plant in the family Proteaceae and is Endemism, endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a prostrate shrub with divided leaves with linear lobes, and more or less ...
''
McGill. (N.S.W., Vic.) - prostrate cone-bush
* ''
Isopogon pruinosus''
Hislop & Rye (W.A.)
** ''Isopogon pruinosus'' subsp. ''glabellus''
Hislop & Rye
** ''Isopogon pruinosus''
Hislop & Rye subsp. ''pruinosus''
* ''
Isopogon robustus''
Foreman ex N.Gibson (W.A.)
* ''
Isopogon scabriusculus''
Meisn. (W.A.)
** ''Isopogon scabriusculus'' subsp. ''pubifloris''
Foreman
** ''Isopogon scabriusculus''
Meisn. subsp. ''scabriusculus''
** ''Isopogon scabriusculus'' subsp. ''stenophyllus''
Foreman
* ''
Isopogon spathulatus''
R.Br. (W.A.)
* ''
Isopogon sphaerocephalus''
Lindl.
John Lindley FRS (5 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist.
Early years
Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley w ...
(W.A.) - drumstick isopogon
* ''
Isopogon teretifolius''
R.Br. (W.A.) - nodding coneflower
* ''
Isopogon tridens''
(Meisn.) F.Muell. (W.A.) - three-toothed coneflower
* ''
Isopogon trilobus''
R.Br. (W.A.) - barrel coneflower
* ''
Isopogon uncinatus''
R.Br. (W.A.)
* ''
Isopogon villosus''
Meisn. (W.A.)
Two new species of ''Isopogon'', ''
I. autumnalis'' (10 December 2019)
and ''
I. nutans'' (5 May 2020)
have been described but the names have not been accepted by the Australian Plant Census as at November 2020.
References
*
External links
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q532636
Proteaceae genera
Proteales of Australia
Endemic flora of Australia