The
biosynthesis
Biosynthesis is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined to form macromolecules. ...
of
isoflavonoid
Isoflavonoids are a class of flavonoid phenolic compounds, many of which are biologically active. Isoflavonoids and their derivatives are sometimes referred to as phytoestrogens, as many isoflavonoid compounds have biological effects via the estro ...
s involves several enzymes; These are:
Liquiritigenin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, aryl migration), also known as Isoflavonoid synthase, is an enzyme that uses
liquiritigenin
Liquiritigenin is a flavanone that was isolated from ''Glycyrrhiza uralensis'', and is found in a variety of plants, including ''Glycyrrhiza glabra'' (licorice). It is an estrogenic compound which acts as a selective agonist of the ERĪ² subtype of ...
(a flavanone), O
2, NADPH and H
+ to produce
2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone (an isoflavonoid), H
2O and NADP
+.
*
Biochanin-A reductase
In enzymology, a biochanin-A reductase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:dihydrobiochanin A + NADP+ \rightleftharpoons biochanin A + NADPH + H+
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are dihydrobiochanin A and NADP+, wh ...
*
Flavone synthase
In enzymology, a flavone synthase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:a flavanone + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 \rightleftharpoons a flavone + succinate + CO2 + H2O
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are flavanone, 2-oxoglutarate, and ...
*
2'-hydroxydaidzein reductase
*
2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase
*
2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase
*
Isoflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase
In enzymology, an isoflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:S-adenosyl-L-methionine + an isoflavone \rightleftharpoons S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 4'-O-methylisoflavone
Thus, the two substrates of ...
*
Isoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase
In enzymology, an isoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 7-hydroxyisoflavone \rightleftharpoons S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 7-methoxyisoflavone
Thus, the two substrate ...
*
Isoflavone 2'-hydroxylase
*
Isoflavone 3'-hydroxylase
In enzymology, an isoflavone 3'-hydroxylase (, Formerly ) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:formononetin + NADPH + H+ + O2 \rightleftharpoons calycosin + NADP+ + H2O
The 4 substrates of this enzyme are formononetin, NADPH, H+, ...
*
Isoflavone-7-O-beta-glucoside 6"-O-malonyltransferase
In enzymology, an isoflavone-7-O-beta-glucoside 6"-O-malonyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:malonyl-CoA + biochanin A 7-O-beta-D-glucoside \rightleftharpoons CoA + biochanin A 7-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside)
...
*
Isoflavone 7-O-glucosyltransferase
*
4'-methoxyisoflavone 2'-hydroxylase
Pterocarpans biosynthesis
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3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan 6a-monooxygenase
*
Glyceollin synthase
In enzymology, a glyceollin synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the last committed step in glyceollin biosynthesis. This enzyme has been classified as a cytochrome dependent monooxygenase. It uses cyclization of prenyl residue to convert gl ...
*
Pterocarpin synthase
See also
*
Flavonoid biosynthesis Flavonoids are synthesized by the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway in which the amino acid phenylalanine is used to produce 4-coumaroyl-CoA. This can be combined with malonyl-CoA to yield the true backbone of flavonoids, a group of compounds ...
References
External links
* http://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway/map/map00943.html
Isoflavonoids metabolism
Biosynthesis
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