Syed Ismail Hossain Siraji ( bn, সৈয়দ ইসমাইল হোসেন সিরাজী; 1880–1931) was a
Bengali
Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to:
*something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia
* Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region
* Bengali language, the language they speak
** Bengali alphabet, the w ...
author and poet from
Sirajganj
Sirajganj ( bn, সিরাজগঞ্জ) is a city in north-western Bangladesh on the right bank of the Jamuna River. It is the administrative headquarters of Sirajganj District, and with a population of 167,200 is the fourteenth most populo ...
in present-day
Bangladesh
Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
. He is considered to be one of the key authors of period of the
Bengali Muslim
Bengali Muslims ( bn, বাঙালি মুসলমান; ) are adherents of Islam who ethnically, linguistically and genealogically identify as Bengalis. Comprising about two-thirds of the global Bengali population, they are the sec ...
reawakening; encouraging education and glorifying the Islamic heritage.
He also contributed greatly to introducing the
Khilafat Movement
The Khilafat Movement (1919–24), also known as the Caliphate movement or the Indian Muslim movement, was a pan-Islamist political protest campaign launched by Muslims of British India led by Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Hakim Ajma ...
in
Bengal
Bengal ( ; bn, বাংলা/বঙ্গ, translit=Bānglā/Bôngô, ) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal, predom ...
, and providing medical supplies to the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
and its allies during the
Balkan Wars
The Balkan Wars refers to a series of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan States in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan States of Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria declared war upon the Ottoman Empire and defe ...
.
[ ''Anal-Prabaha'', his first poetry book, was banned by the government and he was subsequently imprisoned as the first ]South Asia
South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.;;;;;;;; ...
n poet to allegedly call for independence against the British Raj
The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent;
*
* it is also called Crown rule in India,
*
*
*
*
or Direct rule in India,
* Quote: "Mill, who was himsel ...
. The government issued Section 144 Unlawful assembly is a legal term to describe a group of people with the mutual intent of deliberate disturbance of the peace. If the group is about to start an act of disturbance, it is termed a rout; if the disturbance is commenced, it is then ter ...
against him 82 times in his lifetime.
Early life
Syed Ismail Hossain was born on 13 July 1880 to a Bengali Muslim
Bengali Muslims ( bn, বাঙালি মুসলমান; ) are adherents of Islam who ethnically, linguistically and genealogically identify as Bengalis. Comprising about two-thirds of the global Bengali population, they are the sec ...
family of Khandakar
Khondakar ( bn, খন্দকার, Khondokar) is a Bengali Muslim surname found in Bangladesh and neighbouring East Indian regions.
Etymology and history
The Bengali surname comes from the Old Persian Khandan ( fa, خواندن, Xwândan, To ...
s in Sirajganj
Sirajganj ( bn, সিরাজগঞ্জ) is a city in north-western Bangladesh on the right bank of the Jamuna River. It is the administrative headquarters of Sirajganj District, and with a population of 167,200 is the fourteenth most populo ...
, Pabna District
Pabna District ( bn, পাবনা জেলা) is a district in central Bangladesh. It is an economically important district in Bangladesh. Its administrative capital is the eponymous Pabna town.
History
Archeologist Cunningham conjectured ...
, Bengal Presidency
The Bengal Presidency, officially the Presidency of Fort William and later Bengal Province, was a subdivision of the British Empire in India. At the height of its territorial jurisdiction, it covered large parts of what is now South Asia and ...
. The prefix Syed indicated his Arab
The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
ancestry going back to Caliph Ali
ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar, عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب; 600 – 661 CE) was the last of four Rightly Guided Caliphs to rule Islam (r. 656 – 661) immediately after the death of Muhammad, and he was the first Shia Imam. ...
. His ancestor, Syed Ali Azam, migrated from Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
to Bengal and received honour in the Mughal court. Azam initially settled in Amlabari, Nadia
Nadia is a female name. Variations include Nadja, Nadya, Nadine, Nadiya, and Nadiia. Most variations of the name are derived from Arabic, Slavic languages, or both.
In Slavic, names similar to ''Nadia'' mean "hope" in many Slavic languages: Uk ...
and many of his descendants were practitioners of Unani medicine
Unani or Yunani medicine (Urdu: ''tibb yūnānī'') is Perso-Arabic traditional medicine as practiced in Muslim culture in South Asia and modern day Central Asia. Unani medicine is pseudoscientific. The Indian Medical Association describes Un ...
. Siraji's father, Moulvi Shah Syed Abdul Karim Khandakar (1856-1924), was a police sub-inspector and Unani practitioner. His mother, Nur Jahan Khanom, was of Pashtun
Pashtuns (, , ; ps, پښتانه, ), also known as Pakhtuns or Pathans, are an Iranian ethnic group who are native to the geographic region of Pashtunistan in the present-day countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan. They were historically re ...
ancestry. The suffix ''Siraji'' was added to the end of his pen name
A pen name, also called a ''nom de plume'' or a literary double, is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of their works in place of their real name.
A pen na ...
in honour of his home district.[
As a young boy, Ismail Hossain Siraji learnt ]Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
and Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
in the local primary school, before going on to study at the Jnanadayini Minor English School. As his family was not well-off, Siraji could not afford to go to college. Nevertheless, Siraji studied Sanskrit grammar
The grammar of the Sanskrit language has a complex verbal system, rich nominal declension, and extensive use of compound nouns. It was studied and codified by Sanskrit grammarians from the later Vedic period (roughly 8th century BCE), culminating ...
, literature and dictionaries at home. He also read the works of Indian Muslim writers like Shibli Nomani
Shibli Nomani ( ur, – ; 3 June 1857 – 18 November 1914) was an Islamic scholar from the Indian subcontinent during the British Raj. He was born at Bindwal in Azamgarh district of present-day Uttar Pradesh.[Muhammad Iqbal
Sir Muhammad Iqbal ( ur, ; 9 November 187721 April 1938), was a South Asian Muslim writer, philosopher, Quote: "In Persian, ... he published six volumes of mainly long poems between 1915 and 1936, ... more or less complete works on philoso ...]
, whom he was greatly influenced by.[
]
Career
Siraji was a writer by profession, who later immersed himself in the politics of Bengal
Bengal ( ; bn, বাংলা/বঙ্গ, translit=Bānglā/Bôngô, ) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal, predom ...
and reawakening Bengali Muslim society, which had fallen behind as a result of colonial rule. Gaining a renowned reputation as an orator, Siraji advocated for Hindu–Muslim unity
Hindu–Muslim unity is a religiopolitical concept in the Indian subcontinent which stresses members of the two largest faith groups there, Hindus and Muslims, working together for
the common good. The concept was championed by various persons, s ...
in addition to Muslim interests.[ At the age of nineteen, he published ''Anal-Prabaha'' (1899), his first book of poetry. During the Partition of Bengal in 1905, he called on Muslims to join the anti-Partition agitation. A second edition of his first book was published in 1908, and allegations of rebellion were charged against him. The book was banned by the government and he was subsequently imprisoned in March 1910 as the first ]South Asia
South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.;;;;;;;; ...
n poet to allegedly for independence against the British Raj
The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent;
*
* it is also called Crown rule in India,
*
*
*
*
or Direct rule in India,
* Quote: "Mill, who was himsel ...
.[
In 1912, Siraji joined a delegation providing medical aid to the Ottoman forces and its allies during the ]Balkan Wars
The Balkan Wars refers to a series of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan States in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan States of Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria declared war upon the Ottoman Empire and defe ...
. Returning to Bengal the following year, he became one of the founders of the Anjuman-i-Ulama-i-Bangala
Anjuman-i-Ulama-i-Bangala ( bn, আঞ্জুমান-ই-উলামা-ই-বাঙ্গালা ''Assembly of the Scholars of Bengal''), was an association of Muslim religious leaders in British India's Bengal Presidency. It later forme ...
(which would later become the ''Jamiat Ulema-e-Bangala'' branch of the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind
Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind or Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind () is one of the leading organizations of Islamic scholars belonging to the Deobandi school of thought in India. It was founded in November 1919 by a group of Muslim scholars including Abdul Bari F ...
in 1921). In 1930, he was arrested for partaking in the Civil Disobedience Movement
The Salt March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, Dandi March and the Dandi Satyagraha, was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India led by Mahatma Gandhi. The twenty-four day march lasted from 12 March to 6 April 1930 as a di ...
.
He was also active in many parties and organisations like the Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Em ...
, the All-India Muslim League
The All-India Muslim League (AIML) was a political party established in Dhaka in 1906 when a group of prominent Muslim politicians met the Viceroy of British India, Lord Minto, with the goal of securing Muslim interests on the Indian subcontin ...
, Swarajya Party
The Swaraj Party, established as the ''Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party'', was a political party formed in India on 1 January 1923 after the Gaya annual conference in December 1922 of the National Congress, that sought greater self-government and ...
and Krishak Samiti. Siraji mobilised peasants of Sirajganj against the local zamindar
A zamindar ( Hindustani: Devanagari: , ; Persian: , ) in the Indian subcontinent was an autonomous or semiautonomous ruler of a province. The term itself came into use during the reign of Mughals and later the British had begun using it as a ...
s (feudal lords).[
]
Works
Siraji was a regularly writer for ''The Kohinoor
The Kohinoor ( bn, কোহিনূর, Kohinūr, Mountain of light) was a Bengali language newspaper, first published in July 1898. Initially focusing on miscellaneous topics such as Islamic culture, its third relaunch was a pivot of Hindu-Mu ...
''.[ He also wrote for the pro- Ottoman monthly '']Islam Pracharak ''Islam Pracharak'' was a historic monthly Bengali magazine founded in the late 19th century.
History
''Islam Pracharak'' was founded in September 1891. The magazine was edited by Muhammad Reazuddin Ahmad. The magazine wanted to promote Islamic lit ...
'' as well as ''Al-Eslam'', ''Nabajug
''Nabajug'' ( bn, নবযুগ, , New Age) was a Bengali-language daily newspaper published from 1920 to 1944.
History
The newspaper was founded in Kolkata on 12 July 1920 by A. K. Fazlul Huq. The first editors were Kazi Nazrul Islam
Kazi ...
'', ''Prabasi
''Prabasi'' ( bn, প্রবাসী) was a monthly Bengali language literary magazine edited by Ramananda Chatterjee.
History and profile
''Prabasi'' was founded by Ramananda Chatterjee in 1901 and ran for over 60 years. It published many i ...
'', '' Nabanoor'', ''Saogat
''Saogat'', also called ''Saugat'' ( ''Presentation''), was a leading Bengali literary journal. First published in Calcutta in 1918, its editor was Mohammad Nasiruddin. Abdul Karim, a scholar, also edited the magazine, which was published on a m ...
'', ''Soltan'' and ''The Mohammadi
''The Mohammadi'' was a Bengali language monthly art journal. It was founded by Mohammad Akram Khan who worked as its editor.
History
''The Mohammadi'' was founded in August 1927 in Kolkata, Bengal Presidency, British Raj by Mohammad Akram Khan. ...
''. His works focused on awakening the disadvantaged Bengali Muslim society by glorifying the Islamic tradition, culture and heritage and advocating for both modern education and traditional Islamic learning.
Poems
* ''Anal Prabaha'' (1899, then 1908)
* ''Akangkha'' (1906)
* ''Uchchhas'' (1907)
* ''Udbodhan'' (1907)
* ''Naba Uddipana'' (1907)
* ''Spain Bijoy Kabya'' (1914)
* ''Sangit Sanjibani'' (1916)
* ''Premanjali'' (1916)
* ''Mahashikhkha Mahakabya'' (vol-1 1969, vol-2 1971)
Novels
* ''Ray Nandini'' (1915)
* ''Tara Bai'' (1916)
* ''Feroza Begum'' (1918)
* ''Nooruddin'' (1919)
Travelogue
* ''Turoshko Bhromon'' (1913)
Essays
* ''Stri Shikkha'' (1907) - advocating for Muslim women's education
* ''Sajati Prem'' (1916)
Death and legacy
Siraji died on 17 July 1931, in the Bengal Presidency
The Bengal Presidency, officially the Presidency of Fort William and later Bengal Province, was a subdivision of the British Empire in India. At the height of its territorial jurisdiction, it covered large parts of what is now South Asia and ...
, sixteen years before independence. On 5 March 1948, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy ( bn, হোসেন শহীদ সোহ্রাওয়ার্দী; ur, ; 8 September 18925 December 1963) was a Bengali barrister and politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1956 t ...
said:
He left behind a wife, five sons and two daughters. His ''janaza
Funerals and funeral prayers in Islam ( ar, جنازة, Janazah) follow fairly specific rites, though they are subject to regional interpretation and variation in custom. In all cases, however, sharia (Islamic religious law) calls for burial o ...
'' was performed by Qazi Moulvi Matiur Rahman.[ He influenced the next generation of Bengali Muslim writers such as ]Muhammad Enamul Haq
Muhammad Enamul Haque (20 September 1902 – 16 February 1982) was a Bangladeshi researcher, litterateur and educationist.
Early life and education
Haque was born on 20 September 1902 in Bakhtpur, Fatikchhari Upazila, Chittagong District, Beng ...
and Sahityaratna Mohammad Najibar Rahman. In 1967, Abdul Quadir
Abdul Quadir (1 June 1906 – 19 December 1984) was a Bangladeshi poet, essayist, and journalist. He was the recipient of Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1963 and Ekushey Padak in 1976.
Early life and education
Quadir was born in the village o ...
edited ''Sirajir Rachanabali'' (Essays of Siraji). Dr Kazi Abdul Mannan also did research on Siraji, publishing "''Syed Ismail Hossen Siraji''" in 1970.
References
External links
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Siraji, Ismail Hossain
1880 births
1931 deaths
Bengali male poets
Bengali-language writers
Bengali-language poets
Bengali Muslims
20th-century Indian poets
Indian male poets
20th-century Indian male writers
19th-century Bengalis
20th-century Bengalis
People from Sirajganj District
Bangladeshi people of Afghan descent
Bangladeshi people of Arab descent