Isidor Emmanuilovich Gukovsky (russian: Исидор Эммануилович Гуковский, 1871–1921) was a Russian

revolutionary A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates a revolution. The term ''revolutionary'' can also be used as an adjective, to refer to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor. ...

who was a

People's Commissar of Finance The Ministry of Finance of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (russian: Министерство финансов СССР), formed on 15 March 1946, was one of the most important government offices in the Soviet Union. Until 1946 it w ...

of the

RSFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...

following the

Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire which began during the First World War. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and adopt a socialist form of government ...

. Isidor was the son of a merchant, who became a chemist's assistant. In 1898, he started participating in the ''Group of Workers Revolutionaries''. He a later became a member of the

Menshevik The Mensheviks (russian: меньшевики́, from меньшинство 'minority') were one of the three dominant factions in the Russian socialist movement, the others being the Bolsheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries. The factions em ...

faction of the RSDLP. He was imprisoned for inciting the Izhorskiye workers to strike. In 1904 he went to

Baku Baku (, ; az, Bakı ) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. Baku is located below sea level, which makes it the lowest lying national capital in the world an ...

, and used the name Theodor Izmaylovich for his political work. By 1906 he was secretary of the newspaper '' New Life''. He then went to Odessa before travelling abroad. In 1907, he returned to Russia, was arrested, again brought to trial but acquitted (1908). He settled in Moscow. After the

October Revolution The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key mome ...

he became a

Bolshevik The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...

and was appointed finance minister, then plenipotentiary representative of Russia in Estonia. In autumn 1921, he died of

pneumonia Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. The severi ...

References

Biography
1871 births 1921 deaths Deaths from pneumonia in the Soviet Union Bolsheviks Mensheviks Russian Jews Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members Russian revolutionaries Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to Estonia {{Soviet-bio-stub