''Isatis'' is a genus of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s in the family
Brassicaceae, native to the
Mediterranean
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the e ...
region east to
central Asia
Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...
. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes
woad
''Isatis tinctoria'', also called woad (), dyer's woad, or glastum, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae (the mustard family) with a documented history of use as a blue dye and medicinal plant. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from ...
(''Isatis tinctoria''). Due to their extremely variable morphology, the Asian species in particular are difficult to determine; the only reliable diagnostic feature is the ripe fruit. They are (usually)
biennial or perennial
herbaceous plant
Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials.
Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous"
The fourth edition of t ...
s, often bluish and hairless or downy hairy with the upright stem branched.
Description
They are annual, biennial or perennial, branched herbs, usually
glabrous and
glaucous
''Glaucous'' (, ) is used to describe the pale grey or bluish-green appearance of the surfaces of some plants, as well as in the names of birds, such as the glaucous gull (''Larus hyperboreus''), glaucous-winged gull (''Larus glaucescens''), g ...
except
silique. Basal leaves generally elliptic-oblong,
sessile
Sessility, or sessile, may refer to:
* Sessility (motility), organisms which are not able to move about
* Sessility (botany), flowers or leaves that grow directly from the stem or peduncle of a plant
* Sessility (medicine), tumors and polyps that ...
; sessile caulinary, rounded to oval-oblong.
The
hermaphrodite
In reproductive biology, a hermaphrodite () is an organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes associated with male and female sexes.
Many Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic groups of animals (mostly invertebrate ...
flowers are fourfold double
perianth
The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals) or tepals when ...
. The four
sepal
A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...
s are ascending to upright. The four yellow to
off-white
Shades of white are colors that differ only slightly from pure white. Variations of white include what are commonly termed off-white colors, which may be considered part of a neutral color scheme or yellow that looks like brown.
In color theo ...
or
lilac
''Syringa'' is a genus of 12 currently recognized species of flowering plant, flowering woody plants in the olive family or Oleaceae called lilacs. These lilacs are native to woodland and scrub from southeastern Europe to eastern Asia, and wid ...
-white petals are at least as long as the sepals. They have six
stamen
The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10
Morphology and terminology
A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...
s with very small, egg-shaped or elongated-round anthers. There are
nectar
Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries or nectarines, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists ...
glands.
Racemose is branched or paniculated, ebracted, inflorescence, often reaching lax and elongated in the fruit.
The fruit is a generally linear silique, oblong-cuneate to suborbicular, indehiscent, flattened laterally, unilocular, little to conspicuously winged, glabrous or with tiny hairs.
[Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2010. Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae. Fl. N. Amer. 7: i – xxii, 1–797.]
Species
Currently accepted species include:
*''
Isatis afghanica''
Hadac & Chrtek
*''
Isatis amani''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis apennina''
Ten. ex Grande
*''
Isatis apscheronica''
N.Busch
*''
Isatis aptera''
(Boiss. & Heldr.) Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mumm.
*''
Isatis arenaria''
Azn.
*''
Isatis armena''
L.
*''
Isatis arnoldiana''
N.Busch
*''
Isatis aucheri''
Boiss.
*''
Isatis biscutellifolia''
Boiss. & Buhse
*''
Isatis bitlisica''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis boissieriana''
Rchb.f.
*''
Isatis brachycarpa''
C.A.Mey.
*''
Isatis brevipes''
(Bunge) Jafri
*''
Isatis bullata''
Aitch. & Hemsl.
*''
Isatis bungeana''
Seidlitz
*''
Isatis buschiana
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''I ...
''
Schischk.
*''
Isatis callifera''
Boiss. & Balansa
*''
Isatis campylocarpa''
Boiss.
*''
Isatis canaliculata''
(Vassilcz.) V.V.Botschantz.
*''
Isatis candolleana
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''I ...
''
Boiss.
*''
Isatis cappadocica''
Desv.
*''
Isatis cardiocarpa''
(Trautv.) Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mumm.
*''
Isatis caucasica''
N.Busch
*''
Isatis cochlearis''
Boiss.
*''
Isatis constricta
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''Is ...
''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis costata''
C.A.Mey.
*''
Isatis davisiana''
H.Misirdali ex P.H.Davis, R.R.Mill & Kit Tan
*''
Isatis demiriziana''
H.Misirdali ex P.H.Davis, R.R.Mill & Kit Tan
*''
Isatis densiflora''
(Bunge ex Boiss.) D.A.German
*''
Isatis deserti''
(N.Busch) V.V.Botschantz.
*''
Isatis djurjaedae''
Coss. & Durieu
*''
Isatis elegans''
(Boiss.) Hadac & Chrtek
*''
Isatis emarginata''
Kar. & Kir.
*''
Isatis erzurumica''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis floribunda''
Boiss. ex Bornm.
*''
Isatis frigida''
Boiss. & Kotschy
*''
Isatis frutescens
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''I ...
''
Kar. & Kir.
*''
Isatis gaubae
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''I ...
''
Bornm.
*''
Isatis glastifolia''
(Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mumm.
*''
Isatis glauca
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''I ...
''
Aucher ex Boiss.
*''
Isatis grammotis
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''I ...
''
Kit Tan
*''
Isatis gymnocarpa''
(Fisch. ex DC.) Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mumm.
*''
Isatis harsukhii''
O.E.Schulz
*''
Isatis hirtocalyx''
Franch.
*''
Isatis huber-morathii''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis iberica''
Steven
*''
Isatis jacutensis''
(N.Busch) N.Busch
*''
Isatis karjaginii''
Schischk.
*''
Isatis kotschyana''
Boiss. & Hohen.
*''
Isatis kozlovskyi''
Grossh.
*''
Isatis laevigata''
Trautv.
*''
Isatis latisiliqua''
Steven
*''
Isatis leuconeura''
Boiss. & Buhse
*''
Isatis littoralis''
Steven
*''
Isatis lockmanniana''
Kotschy ex Boiss.
*''
Isatis lusitanica''
L.
*''
Isatis mardinensis''
P.H.Davis & H.Misirdali
*''
Isatis maxima''
Pavlov
*''
Isatis microcarpa''
J.Gay ex Boiss.
*''
Isatis minima''
Bunge
*''
Isatis multicaulis''
(Kar. & Kir.) Jafri
*''
Isatis oblongata''
DC.
*''
Isatis odontogera''
(Bordz.) D.A.German
*''
Isatis ornithorhynchus''
N.Busch
*''
Isatis pachycarpa''
Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand.
*''
Isatis pinnatiloba''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis platyloba''
Link ex Steud.
*''
Isatis praecox''
Kit. ex Tratt.
*''
Isatis raimondoi''
Di Grist., Scafidi & Domina
*''
Isatis raphanifolia''
Boiss.
*''
Isatis rugulosa''
Bunge ex Boiss.
*''
Isatis sabulosa''
Steven ex Ledeb.
*''
Isatis sevangensis''
N.Busch
*''
Isatis sivasica''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis spatella''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis spectabilis''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis steveniana
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''I ...
''
Trautv.
*''
Isatis stocksii''
Boiss.
*''
Isatis subdidyma''
(N.Busch) V.E.Avet.
*''
Isatis takhtajanii''
Avet.
*''
Isatis tinctoria
''Isatis tinctoria'', also called woad (), dyer's woad, or glastum, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae (the mustard family) with a documented history of use as a blue dye and medicinal plant. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from ...
''
L.
*''
Isatis tomentella''
Boiss. & Balansa
*''
Isatis trachycarpa''
Trautv.
*''
Isatis turcomanica''
Korsh.
*''
Isatis undulata
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''I ...
''
Aucher ex Boiss.
*''
Isatis violascens''
Bunge
*''
Isatis zarrei''
Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mumm.
References
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae genera
{{Brassicales-stub