, native_name_lang = , transcription_name = , legislature = , coa_pic = , coa_res = , coa_alt = , coa_caption = , logo_pic = , logo_res = , logo_alt = , logo_caption = , house_type =

Upper house An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house.''Bicameralism'' (1997) by George Tsebelis The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restric ...

, body = , jurisdiction = Iran , houses = , term_limits = , foundation = , disbanded = , preceded_by = , succeeded_by = , new_session = , leader1_type = , leader1 = , seats = 60 , structure1 = , structure1_res = , structure1_alt = , structure2 = , structure2_res = , structure2_alt = , political_groups1 = , political_groups2 = , committees1 = , committees2 = , joint_committees = , term_length = , authority = , salary = , voting_system1 = , voting_system2 = , first_election1 = 1949 , last_election1 =

1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...

, redistricting = , motto = , session_room = Palais du Senat iranien (1970).jpg , session_res = , session_alt = , meeting_place =

Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

, constitution =

Persian Constitution of 1906 The Persian Constitution of 1906 ( fa, قانون اساسی مشروطه, Qanun-e Asasi-ye Mishirutâh), was the first constitution of the Sublime State of Persia (Qajar Iran), resulting from the Persian Constitutional Revolution and it was w ...

, footnotes = The Senate ( fa, مجلس سنا, Majles-e Senā) was the

upper house An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house.''Bicameralism'' (1997) by George Tsebelis The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restric ...

legislative chamber in

Imperial State of Iran Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * Imperial, T ...

from 1949 to 1979. A bicameral legislature had been established in the 1906 Persian Constitutional Revolution but the Senate was not actually formed until after the Iran Constituent Assembly, 1949, as an expression of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's desire for more political power. The Senate was filled mainly with men who were supportive of the Shah's aims, as intended by the Shah. Half of the sixty seats in the senate were directly appointed by the Shah, fifteen represented

, and the rest were elected from other regions. The Senate was disbanded after the

Iranian Revolution The Iranian Revolution ( fa, انقلاب ایران, Enqelâb-e Irân, ), also known as the Islamic Revolution ( fa, انقلاب اسلامی, Enqelâb-e Eslâmī), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dyna ...

in 1979, when the new constitution established a

unicameral Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multi ...

legislature. the former Senate building was used by the

Assembly of Experts The Assembly of Experts ( fa, مجلس خبرگان رهبری, majles-e khobregân-e rahbari), also translated as the Assembly of Experts of the Leadership or as the Council of Experts, is the deliberative body empowered to appoint the Supreme ...

History

Constitution

Established as per Chapter 3, Article 45 of the

Building

The Senate House of Iran was designed by architect Heydar Ghiaï in 1955.Max Gérard, ''Iran Senate House Heydar Ghiaï'', Editions Draeger, 1976 The construction was led by Rahmat Safai, the dome being one of the most technically challenging projects in the entire endeavor. The building is depicted on the

reverse Reverse or reversing may refer to: Arts and media * ''Reverse'' (Eldritch album), 2001 * ''Reverse'' (2009 film), a Polish comedy-drama film * ''Reverse'' (2019 film), an Iranian crime-drama film * ''Reverse'' (Morandi album), 2005 * ''Reverse'' ...

of the Iranian 100 rials banknote. File:Dome of the Tehran Senate House, 1971 (internal view).jpg, Interior Dome of Senate Chamber, Heydar Ghiaï, Architect File:Column of the main facade of the Tehran Senate House (1972).jpg, Column of main Facade, Heydar Ghiaï, Architect

Members

Mahmoud Hessaby Mahmoud Hessabi (or Hessaby, fa, محمود حسابی, February 23, 1903 – September 3, 1992) was an Iranian nuclear physicist and senator. He was the Minister of Education of Pahlavi Iran in the cabinet of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosad ...

(1951–1963). *

Ali Dashti Ali Dashti ( fa, علی دشتی, pronounced ; 31 March 1897 – January 16, 1982) was an Iranian rationalist of the twentieth century. Dashti was also an Iranian senator. Life Born into a Persian family in Dashti in Bushehr Province, I ...

for 1954-1979. *

Jafar Sharif-Emami Jafar Sharif-Imami ( fa, جعفر شریف‌امامی; 17 June 1912 – 16 June 1998) was an Iranian politician who was prime minister from 1960 to 1961 and again in 1978. He was a cabinet minister, president of the Iranian Senate, president ...

, Prime Minister of Iran (1960-1961 & 1978), was a member of the Iranian Senate. He was its President for a number of years. *Jamshid Aalam (1973–1979)

List of speakers

Dissolution

During its years of activity, the Senate was once dissolved in May 1961. Following the

Iranian revolution The Iranian Revolution ( fa, انقلاب ایران, Enqelâb-e Irân, ), also known as the Islamic Revolution ( fa, انقلاب اسلامی, Enqelâb-e Eslâmī), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dyna ...

in 1979, the government became

, the senate was dissolved and the new Majlis convened in the senate building.

Elections

Votes cast

Seats won

Composition

1967

As of 1967, the composition of the Senate included 48 members of the ruling New Iran Party and 11 members of the loyal opposition People's Party, while one senator was unaffiliated.

1971

As of 1971, neither the New Iran Party nor the People's Party held a majority in the Senate, and had 27 and 9 members respectively. The remaining 24 senators were nonpartisan.

1975

In 1975, all senator were members of the country's

single-party A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system, or single-party system is a type of sovereign state in which only one political party has the right to form the government, usually based on the existing constitution. All other parties ...

Major events

*1950 (February 9), first inaugural session presided over by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. *1952,

Mohammad Mosaddegh Mohammad Mosaddegh ( fa, محمد مصدق, ; 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 35th Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, after appointment by the 16th Majlis. He was a member of ...

managed to obtain power to rule by decree — first, for a six-month period and then extended — due to his popularity. Later, he organized a

plebiscite A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of ...

in 1953, won the votes, and dissolved both the Majlis and Senate. Upon Mossadeq's ouster, the legislative bodies were revived. *1961, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi dissolved both the Majlis and Senate; some time later they were restored. *1979 Senate approves the government of Shapour Bakhtiar."Iranian senate's approval of Shahpour Bakhtiar's government noted"
ABC Evening News for Monday, Jan 15, 1979

Bibliography

*M. Ghiai, ''Iran Senate House'', Max Gerard Edt.Draeger Paris, 1976

References and notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Senate Of Iran 1949 in Iran Legislature of Iran Buildings and structures in Tehran National upper houses