''Iolanta'', Op. 69, (russian: Иоланта, links=no ) is a lyric

opera Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. Such a "work" (the literal translation of the Italian word "opera") is typically a collaboration between a composer and a librett ...

in one act by

Pyotr Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most popu ...

. It was the last opera he composed. The

libretto A libretto (Italian for "booklet") is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or Musical theatre, musical. The term ''libretto'' is also sometimes used to refer to the t ...

was written by the composer's brother

Modest Tchaikovsky Modest Ilyich Tchaikovsky (russian: Моде́ст Ильи́ч Чайко́вский; –) was a Russian dramatist, opera librettist and translator. Early life Modest Ilyich was born in Alapayevsk, Verkhotursky Uyezd, Perm Governorate, the ...

, and is based on the Danish play ' (''

King René's Daughter ''Kong Renés Datter'' (''King René’s Daughter'') is a Danish verse drama written in 1845 by Henrik Hertz. It is a fictional account of the early life of Yolande of Lorraine, daughter of René of Anjou, in which she is depicted as a beautiful b ...

'') by

Henrik Hertz Henrik Hertz (25 August 1797 – 25 February 1870) was a Danish poet. Biography He was born of Jewish parents in Copenhagen. In 1817 he was sent to the university. His father died in his infancy, and the family property was destroyed in the b ...

, a romanticised account of the life of

Yolande de Bar Yolande (2 November 1428, Nancy – 23 March 1483, Nancy) was Duchess of Lorraine (1473) and Bar (1480). She was the daughter of Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine, and René of Anjou (King of Naples, Duke of Anjou, Bar and Lorraine, Count of Provenc ...

. In the original Danish play, the spelling of the princess's name was "Iolanthe", later adopted for the otherwise unrelated

Gilbert and Sullivan Gilbert and Sullivan was a Victorian era, Victorian-era theatrical partnership of the dramatist W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911) and the composer Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900), who jointly created fourteen comic operas between 1871 and 1896, of which ...

operetta of that name. The play was translated by Fyodor Miller and adapted by

Vladimir Zotov Vladimir Rafailovich Zotov (russian: Владимир Рафаилович Зотов, July 4, 1821, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, — February 18, 1896, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian writer, playwright, journalist and editor. The writer an ...

. The opera received its premiere on 18 December 1892 in

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

Composition history

Composing upon the completion of '' The Queen of Spades'', Tchaikovsky worried that he had lost his creative inspiration after such a large project. He started ''Iolanta'' in June 1891 with the central duet, and, despite his worries, finished composition in September and orchestration in November. The public reception was quite favorable, though Tchaikovsky was disappointed and felt he was repeating himself, especially when compared to his earlier work, '' The Enchantress''.

Performance history

The world premiere took place on 18 December (6 December O.S.) 1892 at the

Mariinsky Theatre The Mariinsky Theatre ( rus, Мариинский театр, Mariinskiy teatr, also transcribed as Maryinsky or Mariyinsky) is a historic theatre of opera and ballet in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Opened in 1860, it became the preeminent music th ...

. It was conducted by

Eduard Nápravník Eduard Francevič Nápravník (Russian: Эдуа́рд Фра́нцевич Напра́вник; 24 August 1839 – 10 November 1916) was a Czech conductor and composer. Nápravník settled in Russia and is best known for his leading role in Rus ...

and sets were designed by Mikhail Bocharov. The premiere of the opera shared a double bill with the composer's last ballet, ''

The Nutcracker ''The Nutcracker'' ( rus, Щелкунчик, Shchelkunchik, links=no ) is an 1892 two-act ballet (""; russian: балет-феерия, link=no, ), originally choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov with a score by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaiko ...

''. A 1997 two-act version of ''Iolanta'' is performed regularly at the

Bolshoi Theatre The Bolshoi Theatre ( rus, Большо́й теа́тр, r=Bol'shoy teatr, literally "Big Theater", p=bɐlʲˈʂoj tʲɪˈatər) is a historic theatre in Moscow, Russia, originally designed by architect Joseph Bové, which holds ballet and ope ...

in Moscow, and in

Belarus Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by R ...

. Its first performance outside Russia was in Hamburg on 3 January 1893, with

Gustav Mahler Gustav Mahler (; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer he acted as a bridge between the 19th-century Austro-German tradition and the modernism ...

conducting. Mahler also conducted the Vienna premiere on 22 March 1900. In New York City it has been produced in 1997 and 2011 by

Dicapo Opera Dicapo Opera Theatre was co-founded in 1981 by General Director Michael Capasso and Artistic Director Diane Martindale. It suspended operations in 2013. Programming and premieres Dicapo Opera Theatre’s presentations range from traditional re ...

. In 2015, ''Iolanta'' was performed for the first time at the

Metropolitan Opera The Metropolitan Opera (commonly known as the Met) is an American opera company based in New York City, resident at the Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center, currently situated on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. The company is operat ...

in New York City, with

Anna Netrebko Anna Yuryevna Netrebko (russian: Анна Юрьевна Нетребко; born 18 September 1971) is an Austrian operatic soprano with an active international career and performed prominently at the Salzburg Festival, Metropolitan Opera, Vienna ...

in the title role. There are only a few recordings of the opera, although Robert's aria has been recorded and performed in concerts frequently. A 1963 performance was filmed in

Riga Riga (; lv, Rīga , liv, Rīgõ) is the capital and largest city of Latvia and is home to 605,802 inhabitants which is a third of Latvia's population. The city lies on the Gulf of Riga at the mouth of the Daugava river where it meets the Ba ...

and released overseas in 1974. The blind singer Nafset Chenib (headliner of the 2014 Winter Paralympics closing ceremony ) performed in the title role in the

Ivangorod Fortress Ivangorod Fortress (russian: Ивангородская крепость, et, Jaanilinna linnus, vot, Jaanilidna) is a 15th century castle in Ivangorod, Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located on the east bank of the Narva river which curre ...

on 29 August 2021.

Roles

Instrumentation

The instrumentation requires the following forces: *''Strings'': violins I, violins II, violas, cellos, and double basses *''Woodwinds'': piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, Cor Anglais, 2 clarinets (B-flat & A), 2 bassoons *''Brass'': 4 horns (all in F), 2 trumpets (B-flat, A), 3 trombones, tuba *''Percussion'': timpani *''Other'': 2 harps

Synopsis

''Time'': 15th century ''Place'': Mountains of southern France

Scene 1

Princess Iolanta has been blind from birth. No one has ever told her (nor does she know) that she is a princess. She lives in a beautiful enclosed garden on the king's estate, secluded from the world, in the care of Bertrand and Martha. Her attendants bring flowers and sing to her. She declares her sadness, and her vague sense that she is missing something important that other people can experience. Her father, King René, insists that she must not discover she is blind, nor that her betrothed, Duke Robert, find out about this.

Scene 2

After announcing the king's arrival, Alméric is warned by Bertrand not to speak of light with Iolanta or to reveal that Iolanta's father is the king. The king arrives with Ibn-Hakia, a famed Moorish physician, who states that Iolanta can be cured, but the physical cure will only work if she is psychologically prepared by being made aware of her own blindness. Ibn-Hakia sings the monologue "Two worlds", explaining the interdependence of the mind and the body within the divinely ordained universe, which merges spirit and matter. The king refuses the treatment, fearing for Iolanta's happiness if the cure should fail after she has learned what she is missing.

Scene 3

Robert arrives at the court with his friend Count Vaudémont. Robert tells Vaudémont that he wishes to avoid the marriage as he has fallen in love with Countess Matilde. He sings of his love in his aria "Who can compare with my Mathilde" (Кто может сравниться с Матильдой моей). Vaudémont finds the entrance to Iolanta's secret garden, ignoring the sign which threatens death to anyone who enters. He sees the sleeping Iolanta without realising who she is, and instantly falls in love. Robert, astounded by his friend's behavior, is convinced she is a sorceress who has bewitched Vaudémont. He tells him to leave, but Vaudémont is too entranced. Robert departs to bring troops to rescue him. Iolanta awakens and Vaudémont, who asks her to give him a red rose as a keepsake, realizes she is blind when she twice offers him a white one. She has no concept of light, vision, or blindness. They fall in love, after he explains light and color to her.

Scene 4

The couple is discovered by the king. Vaudémont pledges his love, whether Iolanta is blind or not. Ibn-Hakia tells the king that as Iolanta is now aware of her blindness, the treatment might be a success. Iolanta, who has no will to see, is unsure whether she should agree to the treatment or not. Ibn-Hakia points out that the lack of will proves that, without inner desire, change cannot take place. After Vaudémont admits seeing the warning sign at the garden entrance, the furious king threatens to execute him for revealing the truth to Iolanta. He tells Iolanta that Vaudémont will die if the physician fails to restore her sight, in the hope that this will restore her will. Iolanta is horrified, and agrees to the treatment. After Ibn-Hakia leaves with Iolanta, the king explains to Vaudémont that he was feigning in order to motivate Iolanta. Robert returns with his troops. He admits to the king he has fallen in love with another, but is still willing to go ahead with the agreed marriage. The king cancels the wedding contract, and gives Iolanta to Vaudémont. Ibn-Hakia and Iolanta return. The treatment has worked and Iolanta can see. At first uncertain of her new gift, she eventually sings of the magical new world now visible to her. The court rejoices.

Principal arias and numbers

* Scene 1a. ''Iolanta's Arioso'' (Ариозо Иоланты): "Why haven't I known this before?" "Отчего это прежде не знала – Otchevo eto prezhde ne znala" * Scene 5b. ''Ibn-Hakia's Monologue'' (Монолог Эбн-Хакиа): "Two worlds" "Два мира (Dva mira)" *Aria: "Who can be compared with my Matilda?" "Кто может сравниться с Матильдой моей – Kto mozhet sravnit'sa s Matil'doy moyey" (Robert)

Structure

: Introduction : No. 1: Scena (Marta) "Мой птенчик, Иоланта, ты устала? – Moy ptenchik, Iolanta, ty ustala?" : No. 1a: Iolanta's Arioso "Отчего это прежде не знала – Otchego eto prezhde ne znala" : No. 2a: Scena (Marta) "Полно, не надо, родная, попусту душу томить! – Polno, ne nado, rodnaya, popustu dushu tomit'!" : No. 2b: Chorus (Brigitta, Laura, Maidservants) "Вот тебе лютики, вот васильки – Vot tebe lyutiki, vot vasil'ki" : No. 3a: Scena (Iolanta) "Бригитта, это ты? – Brigitta, eto ty?" : No. 3b: Chorus (Brigitta, Laura, Marta) "Спи, пусть ангелы крылами навевают сны – Spi, pust' angely krylami navevayut sny" : No. 4a: Scena (Bertrand) "Призывный рог! – Prizyvnyy rog!" : No. 4b: King René's Aria "Господь мой, если грешен я – Gospod' moy, yesli greshen ya" : No. 5a: Scena (King René) "Твое лицо бесстрастно – Tvoye litso besstrastno" : No. 5b: Ibn-Hakia's Monologue "Два мира: плотский и духовный – Dva mira: plotskiy i dukhovnyy" : No. 6a: Scena (Robert) "Не торопись – Ne toropis'" : No. 6b: Robert's Aria "Кто может сравниться с Матильдой моей – Kto mozhet sravnit'sya s Matil'doy moyey" : No. 6c: Vaudemont's Romance "Нет! Чары ласк красы мятежной – Net! Chary lask krasy myatezhnoy" : No. 7a: Scena (Vaudemont) "Однако где же мы? – Odnako gde zhe my?" : No. 7b: Duet (Vaudemont, Iolanta) "Вы мне предстали как виденье – Vy mne predstali kak viden'ye" : No. 8: Scena (Marta, Laura, Brigitta, Maidservants) "Иоланта! – Iolanta!" : No. 9: Finale (King René) "Прости меня, я обманул тебя – Prosti menya, ya obmanul tebya"

Recordings

Audio * 1940, Glafira Zhukovskaya (Iolanta), Boris Bugaisky (René), Panteleimon Nortsov (Robert, Duke of Burgundy), Grigory Bolshakov (Vaudémont), Alexander Baturin (Ebn-Hakia), Alexander Khosson (Alméric), Mikhail Solovyev (Bertran), Maria Levina (Marta), Kapitolina Ratchevskaya (Brigitta), Basya Aiborskaya (Laura). Bolshoi Theatre Soloists and Chorus and Orchestra,

Samuil Samosud Samuil Abramovich Samosud (russian: Самуи́л Абра́мович Самосу́д) (Tbilisi, Georgia, — Moscow, 6 November 1964), PAU, was a Soviet and Russian conductor. He started his musical career as a cellist, before becomin ...

. Aquarius. * 1977, Tamara Sorokina (Iolanta),

Yevgeny Nesterenko Yevgeny Yevgenievich Nesterenko (russian: Евгений Евгеньевич Нестеренко, link=no; 8 January 1938 – 20 March 2021) was a Soviet and Russian operatic bass. He made an international career, based at the Bolshoi Theatre ...

(René), Yuri Mazurok (Robert, Duke of Burgundy),

Vladimir Atlantov Vladimir Andreyevich Atlantov (russian: Владимир Андреевич Атлантов; born 19 February 1939), is a Soviet and Russian operatic tenor. Born in Leningrad, Atlantov is the son of bass Andrey Petrovich (1906–1971) who sang ...

(Vaudémont), Vladimir Valaitis (Ibn-Hakia), Alexander Arkhipov (Alméric), Valery Yaroslavtsev (Bertrand), Nina Grigorieva (Martha), Klara Kadinskaya (Brigitta), Larisa Nikitina (Laura). Bolshoi Theatre Soloists & Chorus and Orchestra,

Mark Ermler Mark Fridrikhovich Ermler (russian: Марк Фридрихович Эрмлер; 5 May 193214 April 2002) was a Russian conductor. Biography Mark Ermler was born in Leningrad in 1932. His parents were Vera Bakun, a film set designer, and Fridrik ...

Melodiya Melodiya ( rus, links=no, Мелодия, t=Melody) is a Russian (formerly Soviet) record label. It was the state-owned major record company of the Soviet Union. History Melodiya was established in 1964 as the "All-Union Gramophone Record Firm ...

. * 1984,

Galina Vishnevskaya Galina Pavlovna Vishnevskaya (russian: links=no, Галина Павловна Вишневская, Ivanova, Иванова; 25 October 192611 December 2012) was a Russian soprano opera singer and recitalist who was named a People's Artist o ...

(Iolanta), Dimiter Petkov (René), Walton Gronroos (Robert, Duke of Burgundy),

Nicolai Gedda Harry Gustaf Nikolai Gädda, known professionally as Nicolai Gedda (11 July 1925 – 8 January 2017), was a Swedish operatic tenor. Debuting in 1951, Gedda had a long and successful career in opera until the age of 77 in June 2003, when he made h ...

(Vaudémont),

Tom Krause Tom Gunnar Krause (5 July 1934 − 6 December 2013) was a Finnish operatic bass-baritone, particularly associated with Mozart roles. Early life Born in Helsinki, Tom Krause studied medicine for three years with the intention of becoming a psyc ...

(Ibn-Hakia), James Anderson (Alméric), Fernand Dumont (Bertrand), Viorica Cortez (Martha), Tania Gedda (Brigitta), Colleen Gaetano (Laura). Groupe Vocal de France & Orchestre de Paris,

Mstislav Rostropovich Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich, (27 March 192727 April 2007) was a Russian cellist and conductor. He is considered by many to be the greatest cellist of the 20th century. In addition to his interpretations and technique, he was wel ...

Erato In Greek mythology, Erato (; grc, Ἐρατώ) is one of the Greek Muses, which were inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. The name would mean "desired" or "lovely", if derived from the same root as Eros, as Apollonius o ...

. * 1994,

Galina Gorchakova Galina Vladimirovna Gorchakova (russian: Галина Владимировна Горчакова, born 1 March 1962) is a distinguished Russian lyric soprano. Beginnings Gorchakova was born in Novokuznetsk to a musical family. She moved to Novo ...

(Iolanta), Sergei Alexashkin (René),

Dmitri Hvorostovsky Dmitri Aleksandrovich Hvorostovsky (russian: Дми́трий Алекса́ндрович Хворосто́вский, ; 16 October 1962 – 22 November 2017) was a Russian operatic baritone. Early life and education Hvorostovsky was born i ...

(Robert, Duke of Burgundy),

Gegham Grigoryan Gegham Grigorian (also written Grigoryan) ( hy, Գեղամ Գրիգորյան}; russian: Гегам Григорян; 29 January 1951 – 23 March 2016) was an Armenian operatic tenor. Biography Gegham Grigorian was born in Yerevan and gradua ...

(Vaudémont), Nikolai Putilin (Ibn-Hakia), Nikolai Gassiev (Alméric), Gennady Bezzubenkov (Bertrand),

Larissa Diadkova Larissa Ivanovna Diadkova (russian: Лариса Ивановна Дядькова; born 1954 in Zelenodolsk, Republic of Tatarstan, Zelenodolsk) is a Russian mezzo-soprano. Career For her musical education, she studied at Kazan Conservatory befor ...

(Martha), Tatiana Kravtsova (Brigitta), Olga Korzhenskaya (Laura). Kirov Theatre,

Valery Gergiev Valery Abisalovich Gergiev (russian: Вале́рий Абиса́лович Ге́ргиев, ; os, Гергиты Абисалы фырт Валери, Gergity Abisaly fyrt Valeri; born 2 May 1953) is a Russian conductor and opera company d ...

Philips Koninklijke Philips N.V. (), commonly shortened to Philips, is a Dutch multinational conglomerate corporation that was founded in Eindhoven in 1891. Since 1997, it has been mostly headquartered in Amsterdam, though the Benelux headquarters i ...

. * 1996, Tatiana Vorjdova (Iolanta), Alexei Levitski (René), Vassili Gorshkov (Vaudémont), Vladimir Prudnik (Ibn-Hakia), Sergei Nikitin (Robert), Tatiana Gorbunova (Martha) Novosibirsk State Opera Orchestra, Alexei Ludmilin.

Brilliant Classics Brilliant Classics is a classical music label based in the Dutch town of Leeuwarden. It is renowned for releasing super-budget-priced editions on CD of the complete works of J.S. Bach, Mozart, Beethoven and many other composers. The label also sp ...

. * 2002, Olga Mykytenko (Iolanta), Benno Schollum (René),

Piotr Beczała Piotr Beczała (Polish pronunciation: ); born 28 December 1966) is a Polish operatic tenor with an international career based primarily in Europe and the United States. He has performed in the world's leading opera houses including Metropolitan ...

(Vaudémont), Vladimir Krassov (Ibn-Hakia), Andrey Grigoryev (Robert), Roman Muravitsky (Almeric), Nikolai Didenko (Bertrand), Nina Romanova (Martha), Bella Kabanova (Brigitte) The Moscow Chamber Choir,

Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra of Moscow Radio The Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra is a Russian classical music radio orchestra established in 1930. It was founded as the Moscow Radio Symphony Orchestra, and served as the official symphony for the Soviet All-Union Radio network. History Followi ...

Vladimir Fedoseyev Vladimir Ivanovich Fedoseyev ( rus, Владимир Иванович Федосе́ев, p=, links=no; born 5 August 1932, in Leningrad, Soviet Union) is a Soviet and Russian conductor, accordionist, teacher. People's Artist of the USSR (1980). ...

. RELIEF. * 2015,

(Iolanta),

Vitalij Kowaljow Vitalij Kowaljow is a Bass (voice type), bass opera singer living in Switzerland. He initially studied piano as a child, but inspired by his parents, who sang in the choir of his Baptist church in Cherkasy, Ukraine, he took advantage of an offer to ...

(René), Sergey Skorokhodov (Vaudémont), Lucas Meachem (Ibn-Hakia), (Robert), Junho You (Almeric), Luka Debevec Mayer (Bertrand), Monika Bohinec (Martha), Theresa Plut (Brigitte), Slovenian Chamber Choir,

Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra The Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra (''Simfonični orkester Slovenske filharmonije'') is a Slovenian orchestra based in Ljubljana. Its primary concert venues are Marjan Kozina Hall in Philharmonic Hall, Ljubljana, at Congress Square () and Gallu ...

Emmanuel Villaume Emmanuel Villaume (born 1964 in Strasbourg, France) is a French orchestra conductor. He is currently music director of the Dallas Opera and chief conductor of the Prague Philharmonia. Biography Villaume began his musical education at the Strasbou ...

Deutsche Grammophon Deutsche Grammophon (; DGG) is a German classical music record label that was the precursor of the corporation PolyGram. Headquartered in Berlin Friedrichshain, it is now part of Universal Music Group (UMG) since its merger with the UMG family of ...

. * 2015, Olesya Golovneva (Iolanta), Alexander Vinogradov (René), Dmitri Popov (Vaudémont),

Andrei Bondarenko Andrei Bondarenko or Andriy Bondarenko ( uk, Андрíй Володи́мирович Бондаре́нко, born 1987) is a Ukrainian baritone opera singer. Life Bondarenko was born and brought up in Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine. He trained a ...

(Robert). Conductor

Dmitri Kitayenko Dmitri Georgievich Kitayenko (also spelled Dmitrij Kitajenko) (born 18 August 1940) is a Soviet and Russian conductor. He was bestowed the title People's Artist of the USSR (1984). He was born in Leningrad, Soviet Union and studied at the Glinka ...

Cologne Opera The Cologne Opera (German: Oper der Stadt Köln or Oper Köln) refers both to the main opera house in Cologne, Germany and to its resident opera company. History of the company From the mid 18th century, opera was performed in the city's court th ...

Chorus,

Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne The Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne (german: Gürzenich-Orchester Köln) is a German symphony orchestra based in Cologne. On some recordings, the orchestra goes under the name "Gürzenich-Orchester Kölner Philharmoniker". Its name comes from its ...

Oehms Oehms Classics is a German classical music label founded in 2003 by Dieter Oehms (born in Manderscheid, Bernkastel-Wittlich in 1941), a former manager for 35 years with DGG/Polygram and Arte Nova Arte (; (), sometimes stylized in lowercase ...

. Video * 1963, Galina Oleinichenko, Ivan Petrov, Pavel Lisitsian, Zurab Andzaparidze Bolshoi.

Boris Khaykin Boris Emmanuilovich Khaikin (russian: Борис Эммануилович Хайкин; be, Барыс Эмануілавіч Хайкін; – 10 May 1978) was a Soviet and Russian conductor who was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 19 ...

* 1982, Galina Kalinina, Artur Eisen. VAI. * 2009, Anna Netrebko (Iolanta), Sergey Skorokhodov (Vaudémont), Sergei Aleksashkin (René, King of Provence), Alexei Markov (Robert, Duke of Burgundy). Mariinsky Theatre, Saint Petersburg. Director, Mariusz Treliński, Conductor,

* 2012, Ekaterina Scherbachenko, Pavel Cernoch. Teatro Real de Madrid.

Teodor Currentzis Teodor Currentzis ( el, Θεόδωρος Κουρεντζής ; born 24 February 1972) is a Greek-Russian conductor, musician and actor. Biography Currentzis was born in Athens, and at age 4 began to take piano lessons. At age 7, he began vio ...

* 2018, Queen City Opera, Cincinnati, Ohio; with English subtitles, Queen City Opera, Cincinnati

References

External links

Program notes

, 2015 * *
Russian libretto with Spanish translation

Duet Iolanta, Vaudémont

, Metropolitan Opera, 2015 {{Authority control Operas by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Russian-language operas Operas 1892 operas One-act operas Operas based on plays Operas set in France