Ioan Maniu (; 10 September 1833 – 4 November 1895) was a
Transylvania
Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the Ap ...
n
Romanian
Romanian may refer to:
*anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania
**Romanians, an ethnic group
**Romanian language, a Romance language
*** Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language
** Romanian cuisine, tradition ...
lawyer, politician and journalist.
Biography
Maniu was born in 1833 in Szilágybadacsony,
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...
, now the village of Bădăcin, in
Pericei
Pericei ( hu, Szilágyperecsen) is a commune located in Sălaj County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Bădăcin (''Szilágybadacsony''), Pericei, Periceiu Mic (''Kisperecsentanya''), and Sici (''Somlyószécs'').
Geography
The ...
commune,
Sălaj County
Sălaj County () (also known as ''Land of Silvania'', ''silva, -ae'' means "forest") is a county ('' județ'') of Romania, located in the north-west of the country, in the historical regions of Crișana and Transylvania. It is bordered to the nort ...
,
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
. He studied law in
Pest and
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
. Maniu was deeply influenced by his uncle,
Simion Bărnuțiu
Simion Bărnuțiu (; 21 July 1808 – 28 May 1864) was a Transylvanian, later Romanian historian, academic, philosopher, jurist, and liberal politician. A leader of the 1848 revolutionary movement of Transylvanian Romanians, he represented its ...
.
At the age of 6, in 1839, he started to study at
Șimleu Silvaniei
Șimleu Silvaniei (; hu, Szilágysomlyó, german: Schomlenmarkt) is a town in Sălaj County, Crișana, Romania with a population of 14,436 people (2011 census). It is located near the ancient Dacian fortress Dacidava.
Three villages are adminis ...
, the courses for the
Franciscan minority gymnasium, where he graduated from the elementary school and 4 lower secondary classes. He spent 8 years under the strict discipline of the monks. In this place he met the vicar
Alexandru Sterca-Șuluțiu and the Romanian language teacher Andrei Liviu Pop, who would later influence his life.
In the fall of 1849, he went to the Romanian schools in
Blaj
Blaj (; archaically spelled as ''Blaș''; hu, Balázsfalva; german: Blasendorf; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Blußendref'') is a municipiu, city in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania. It has a population of 20,630 inhabita ...
, where he was enrolled in the fifth grade. As a student in Blaj, Maniu lived very hard, with the "scream" (the Metropolis had shared free bread to the poor students) and also, they were given the poor "zeama" (the chicken soup) for free from the kitchen of the Theological Seminary, where on a daily basis the cooks made the soup for the poor students.
In 1850 he came home on Easter holiday, but due to shortages, he had to quit school. He remained here until his former teacher, Andrei Liviu Pop, intervened, telling his mother Ileana that it would be a shame for the boy to stay home, a peasant, seeing his excellent grades. From the annual reports of the high school it was observed that, in grades VI-VIII (there were missing those of the fifth grade), but the student Maniu was among the first, related to the marks and behavior. Starting with the 7th grade, uncle Bărnuțiu was able to send some modest help. One of his very good colleagues and friends was Ioan Micu Moldovan, who remained to the death his friend and the counselor of the family, passing the old friendship especially on
Iuliu Maniu
Iuliu Maniu (; 8 January 1873 – 5 February 1953) was an Austro-Hungarian-born lawyer and Romanian politician. He was a leader of the National Party of Transylvania and Banat before and after World War I, playing an important role in the U ...
, who, at his proposal, was appointed the lawyer of the Metropolitan Church of Blaj.
He married in 1865
Clara Coroian, the daughter of the
Greek-Catholic The term Greek Catholic Church can refer to a number of Eastern Catholic Churches following the Byzantine (Greek) liturgy, considered collectively or individually.
The terms Greek Catholic, Greek Catholic church or Byzantine Catholic, Byzantine Ca ...
clergyman Demetriu Coroian. They had five children: Cassiu,
Iuliu Iuliu is a Romanian
Romanian may refer to:
*anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania
** Romanians, an ethnic group
**Romanian language, a Romance language
***Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language
**Romanian ...
, Sabina, Cornelia, and Elena. Their second child,
Iuliu Maniu
Iuliu Maniu (; 8 January 1873 – 5 February 1953) was an Austro-Hungarian-born lawyer and Romanian politician. He was a leader of the National Party of Transylvania and Banat before and after World War I, playing an important role in the U ...
, was a politician. He died in 1895 in his native village of Bădăcin.
Family
He was born on September 10, 1833 in a
Romanian family (Greek-Catholic), being the son of Teodor Man and Ilena Bărnuțiu, the sister of the revolutionary
Simion Bărnuțiu
Simion Bărnuțiu (; 21 July 1808 – 28 May 1864) was a Transylvanian, later Romanian historian, academic, philosopher, jurist, and liberal politician. A leader of the 1848 revolutionary movement of Transylvanian Romanians, he represented its ...
. Teodor Man was a peasant-nobleman from Badacin, one of the descendants of
Laurențiu Man. In a letter to his uncle, Simion Bărnuțiu, of March 10, 1861, Ioan Maniu, had made his self-description, in which he said that he is tall, "only that I am thin and not fat like my father". Teodor Man died in his prime due to pneumonia, which he contracted while working on the construction of his own house. Ioan Maniu was only 2 years old when his father died.
Ileana Bărnuțiu was the daughter of teacher and singer Ioan Bărnuțiu, married to Ana Oros from
Bocșa
Bocșa (; hu, Boksánbánya; german: Deutsch-Bokschan, Neuwerk) is a town in Caraș-Severin County, in the Banat region of Romania, with a population of 15,842 in 2011.
The town is located in the northwestern part of the county, from the cou ...
. Ioan Barnutiu was the son of the united Roman priest Simion Bărnuțiu from Bocșa, the latter was also a son of a priest, and his father was also called Simion Bărnuțiu. In the letter that Ioan Maniu addressed to his uncle, Simion Bărnuțiu, on October 30, 1855, he wrote: "You are the replica of your mother, the only thing that the Mother’s face was drier and paler than yours." In another letter Ioan Maniu also said to his uncle: “I have another growth by the years of 16th, I had nothing but my mother who gave her sweet words. Another example of virtue I had was only her gentle behavior, her noble heart, which all man marveled at." Ileana Bărnuțiu died in 1854–1855. Teodor Man and Ilena Bărnuțiu had three children: Ioan, Sofia (married to Teodor Man, economist form
Bădăcin
Pericei ( hu, Szilágyperecsen) is a commune located in Sălaj County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Bădăcin (''Szilágybadacsony''), Pericei, Periceiu Mic (''Kisperecsentanya''), and Sici (''Somlyószécs'').
Geography
The ...
),
and Ștefan.
References
* Ioan Maniu, Corespondența lui Ioan Maniu cu
Simion Bărnuțiu
Simion Bărnuțiu (; 21 July 1808 – 28 May 1864) was a Transylvanian, later Romanian historian, academic, philosopher, jurist, and liberal politician. A leader of the 1848 revolutionary movement of Transylvanian Romanians, he represented its ...
: 1851-1864, Blaj: Tipografia Seminarului teologic Greco-Catolic, 1929.
Notes
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maniu, Ioan
People from Sălaj County
Romanian Austro-Hungarians
Romanian Greek-Catholics
Romanian journalists
Romanian jurists
Romanian activists
Romanian biographers
Romanian male writers
Male biographers
Romanian memoirists
1833 births
1895 deaths
19th-century journalists
Male journalists
19th-century Romanian historians
19th-century male writers
19th-century memoirists