Inula conyzae - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-192

''Inula'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of about 80

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

native Native may refer to: People * Jus soli, citizenship by right of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** Native Americans (disambiguation) In arts and entert ...

to Europe, Asia and Africa. They may be annuals,

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of t ...

perennial A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also wide ...

s or

subshrub A subshrub (Latin ''suffrutex'') or dwarf shrub is a short shrub, and is a woody plant. Prostrate shrub is a related term. "Subshrub" is often used interchangeably with "bush".Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Der ...

s that vary greatly in size, from small species a few centimeters tall to enormous perennials over tall. They carry yellow daisy-like

composite Composite or compositing may refer to: Materials * Composite material, a material that is made from several different substances ** Metal matrix composite, composed of metal and other parts ** Cermet, a composite of ceramic and metallic materials ...

flowerheads often with narrow ray-florets. Some common characteristics include pappus with bristles, flat

capitulum capitulum (plural capitula) may refer to: *the Latin word for chapter ** an index or list of chapters at the head of a gospel manuscript ** a short reading in the Liturgy of the Hours *** derived from which, it is the Latin for the assembly known ...

, and lack of

chaff Chaff (; ) is the dry, scaly protective casing of the seeds of cereal grains or similar fine, dry, scaly plant material (such as scaly parts of flowers or finely chopped straw). Chaff is indigestible by humans, but livestock can eat it. In agri ...

. Several species are popular flowers for the garden, with cultivation going back to antiquity. The smaller species are used in rock gardens and the more common larger ones, which tend to have very coarse foliage, in borders.

Etymology

The genus name ''Inula'' is of uncertain origin, and was already in use by the Romans. The Latin phrase ''inula campana'' (field inula) gave rise to the English whose scientific name is '' Inula helenium''. The plant's specific name, ''helenium'', derives from

Helen of Troy Helen of Troy, Helen, Helena, (Ancient Greek: Ἑλένη ''Helénē'', ) also known as beautiful Helen, Helen of Argos, or Helen of Sparta, was a figure in Greek mythology said to have been the most beautiful woman in the world. She was believe ...

; elecampane is said to have sprung up from where her tears fell.

Species

THe following species are recognised in the genus ''Inula'':

Select species formerly in ''Inula''

* ''Inula auriculata'' Boiss. & Balansa => '' Pentanema auriculatum'' (Boiss. & Balansa) D.Gut.Larr. ''et al.'' * ''Inula britannica'' L. => '' Pentanema britannica'' (L.) D.Gut.Larr.''et al.'' – British yellowhead * ''Inula conyzae'' (Griess.) Meikle => '' Pentanema squarrosum'' (L.) D.Gut.Larr.''et al.'' – ploughman's-spikenard * ''Inula crithmoides'' L. => ''

Limbarda crithmoides The golden samphire (''Limbarda crithmoides'') is a perennial coastal species, which may be found growing on salt marsh or sea cliffs across western and southern Europe and the Mediterranean. Golden samphire has a tufted habit, and the plant may ...

'' (L.) Dumort. – golden samphire * ''Inula dysenterica'' L. => ''

Pulicaria dysenterica ''Pulicaria dysenterica'', the common fleabane, or, in North America, meadow false fleabane, is a species of fleabane in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe and western Asia where it grows in a variety of habitats ranging from semi-ari ...

'' (L.) Bernh. * ''Inula graminifolia'' Michx. => '' Pityopsis graminifolia'' (Michx.) Nutt. * ''Inula graveolens'' (L.) Desf. => ''

Dittrichia graveolens ''Dittrichia graveolens'', commonly known as stinkwort or stinking fleabane, is a plant species in the sunflower family, native to southern Europe, North Africa, and western Asia as far east as Pakistan. It has become naturalized in California, ...

'' (L.) Greuter – stinkwort, stinkweed * ''Inula hirta'' L. => '' Pentanema hirtum'' (L.) D.Gut.Larr. ''et al.'' * ''Inula indica'' L. => ''

Pentanema indicum ''Pentanema'' is a genus of Asian and African plants in the tribe Inuleae within the family Asteraceae. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Pentanema'': Formerly included In 2018, the ''Vicoa'' genus was re-erected due ...

'' (L.) Y.Ling * ''Inula mariana'' L. => ''

Chrysopsis mariana ''Chrysopsis mariana'', known as the Maryland golden-aster, is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. The Maryland golden-aster ranges from Rhode Island and New York, west to Kentucky and southern Ohio, and south as far as F ...

'' (L.) Elliott * ''Inula orientalis'' Lam. => '' Pentanema orientale'' (Lam.) D.Gut.Larr.''et al.'' * ''Inula primulifolia'' Lam. => '' Conyza primulifolia'' (Lam.) Cuatrec. & Lourteig * ''Inula salicina'' L. => '' Pentanema salicinum'' (L.) D.Gut.Larr.''et al.'' – Irish fleabane, willowleaf yellowhead * ''Inula spiraeifolia'' L. => '' Pentanema spiraeifolium'' (L.) D.Gut.Larr.''et al.'' * ''Inula subaxillaris'' Lam. => ''

Heterotheca subaxillaris ''Heterotheca subaxillaris'', known by the common name camphorweed, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of the United States (from California to Massachusetts) as well as Mexico an ...

'' (Lam.) Britton & Rusby * ''Inula viscosa'' => '' Dittrichia viscosa'' – false yellowhead, sticky fleabane, woody fleabane

Ecology

''Inula'' species are used as food plants by the

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The ...

e of some

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r ...

species including case-bearers of the genus '' Coleophora'', such as '' C. conyzae'' (recorded on ''I. conyzae''), '' C. follicularis'', '' C. inulae'', and '' C. troglodytella''.

Gallery

File:Inula hookeri (2018) 02.jpg, Inula hookeri. Budding flower bud. File:Inula hookeri. locatie, Tuinen Mien Ruys.JPG, Inula hookeri. Inflorescence.

References

External links

*
Flora Europaea: ''Inula''Flora of China: list of Chinese ''Inula'' species
* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q338207 Asteraceae genera