Interleukin 8 receptor, beta is a
chemokine receptor
Chemokine receptors are cytokine receptors found on the surface of certain cells that interact with a type of cytokine called a chemokine. There have been 20 distinct chemokine receptors discovered in humans. Each has a rhodopsin-like 7-trans ...
. ''IL8RB'' is also known as ''CXCR2'', and CXCR2 is now the
IUPHAR
The International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) is a voluntary, non-profit association representing the interests of scientists in pharmacology-related fields to facilitate ''Better Medicines through Global Education and Resear ...
Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug classification-recommended name.
Function
The
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
encoded by this gene is a member of the
G-protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily-related p ...
family. This protein is a receptor for
interleukin 8
Interleukin 8 (IL-8 or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, CXCL8) is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Endothelial cells store IL-8 in their storage ...
(IL8). It binds to IL8 with high affinity, and transduces the signal through a G-protein-activated second messenger system (G
i/o-coupled). This receptor also binds to chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (
CXCL1
The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a small peptide belonging to the CXC chemokine family that acts as a chemoattractant for several immune cells, especially neutrophils or other non-hematopoietic cells to the site of injury or infecti ...
/MGSA), a protein with melanoma growth stimulating activity, and has been shown to be a major component required for serum-dependent melanoma cell growth. In addition, it binds ligands
CXCL2,
CXCL3
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 (CXCL3) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as ''GRO3 oncogene'' (GRO3), ''GRO protein gamma'' (GROg) and ''macrophage inflammatory protein-2-beta'' (MIP2b). CXCL3 controls ...
, and
CXCL5
C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5 or ENA78) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CXCL5'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene, CXCL5 is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as epithelial- ...
.
The
angiogenic
Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels, formed in the earlier stage of vasculogenesis. Angiogenesis continues the growth of the vasculature by processes of sprouting and splittin ...
effects of IL8 in intestinal microvascular
endothelial cell
The endothelium is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel ...
s are found to be mediated by this receptor.
Knockout
A knockout (abbreviated to KO or K.O.) is a fight-ending, winning criterion in several full-contact combat sports, such as boxing, kickboxing, muay thai, mixed martial arts, karate, some forms of taekwondo and other sports involving striking, a ...
studies in mice suggested that this receptor controls the positioning of
oligodendrocyte
Oligodendrocytes (), or oligodendroglia, are a type of neuroglia whose main functions are to provide support and insulation to axons in the central nervous system of jawed vertebrates, equivalent to the function performed by Schwann cells in the ...
precursors in developing spinal cord by arresting their migration.
IL8RB
Interleukin 8 receptor, beta is a chemokine receptor. ''IL8RB'' is also known as ''CXCR2'', and CXCR2 is now the IUPHAR Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug classification-recommended name.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is ...
,
IL8RA
Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha is a chemokine receptor. This name and the corresponding gene symbol IL8RA have been replaced by the HGNC approved name C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 and the approved symbol CXCR1. It has also been designated as CD ...
, which encodes another high affinity IL8 receptor, and ''IL8RBP'', a
pseudogene
Pseudogenes are nonfunctional segments of DNA that resemble functional genes. Most arise as superfluous copies of functional genes, either directly by DNA duplication or indirectly by Reverse transcriptase, reverse transcription of an mRNA trans ...
of ''IL8RB'', form a gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q33-q36.
Mutations in
CXCR2
Interleukin 8 receptor, beta is a chemokine receptor. ''IL8RB'' is also known as ''CXCR2'', and CXCR2 is now the IUPHAR Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug classification-recommended name.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is ...
cause
hematological traits.
Senescence
Knock-down studies involving the chemokine receptor CXCR2 alleviates both replicative and oncogene-induced
senescence
Senescence () or biological aging is the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics in living organisms. The word ''senescence'' can refer to either cellular senescence or to senescence of the whole organism. Organismal senescence inv ...
(OIS) and diminishes the DNA-damage response. Also,
ectopic expression Ectopic is a word used with a prefix, ecto, meaning “out of place.” Ectopic expression is an abnormal gene expression in a cell type, tissue type, or developmental stage in which the gene is not usually expressed. The term ectopic expression is ...
of ''CXCR2'' results in premature senescence via a
p53
p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often s ...
-dependent mechanism.
See also
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Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha
Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha is a chemokine receptor. This name and the corresponding gene symbol IL8RA have been replaced by the HGNC approved name C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 and the approved symbol CXCR1. It has also been designated as CD ...
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Interleukin 8
Interleukin 8 (IL-8 or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, CXCL8) is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Endothelial cells store IL-8 in their storage ...
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Interleukin
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins and signal molecules) that are expressed and secreted by white blood cells (leukocytes) as well as some other body cells. The human genome encodes more than 50 interleukins and related ...
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Interleukin receptor
Interleukin receptors are a family of cytokine receptors for interleukins. They belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily.
Types
There are two main families of Interleukin receptors, Type 1 and Type 2.
Type 1
Type 1 interleukin receptors includ ...
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Cluster of differentiation
The cluster of differentiation (also known as cluster of designation or classification determinant and often abbreviated as CD) is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules providing targets for immunophen ...
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G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily-related p ...
References
Further reading
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External links
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{{Interleukin receptor modulators
Chemokine receptors
Clusters of differentiation
Senescence