Integration may refer to:
Biology
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Multisensory integration
Multisensory integration, also known as multimodal integration, is the study of how information from the different sensory modalities (such as sight, sound, touch, smell, self-motion, and taste) may be integrated by the nervous system. A coherent r ...
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Path integration
Path integration is the method thought to be used by animals for dead reckoning.
History
Charles Darwin first postulated an inertially-based navigation system in animals in 1873.[Pre-integration complex The pre-integration complex (PIC) is a nucleoprotein complex of viral genetic material and associated viral and host proteins which is capable of inserting a viral genome into a host genome. The PIC forms after uncoating of a viral particle after e ...]
, viral genetic material used to insert a viral genome into a host genome
*DNA integration, by means of
site-specific recombinase technology
Site-specific recombinase technologies are genome engineering tools that depend on recombinase enzymes to replace targeted sections of DNA.
History
In the late 1980s gene targeting in murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) enabled the transmission ...
, performed by a specific class of recombinase enzymes ("integrases")
Economics and law
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Economic integration
Economic integration is the unification of economic policies between different states, through the partial or full abolition of tariff and non-tariff restrictions on trade.
The trade-stimulation effects intended by means of economic integrati ...
, trade unification between different states
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Horizontal integration
Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain. A company may do this via internal expansion, acquisition or merger.
The process can lead to monopoly if a c ...
and
vertical integration
In microeconomics, management and international political economy, vertical integration is a term that describes the arrangement in which the supply chain of a company is integrated and owned by that company. Usually each member of the suppl ...
, in microeconomics and strategic management, styles of ownership and control
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Regional integration
Regional Integration is a process in which neighboring countries enter into an agreement in order to upgrade cooperation through common institutions and rules. The objectives of the agreement could range from economic to political to enviro ...
, in which states cooperate through regional institutions and rules
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Integration clause, a declaration that a contract is the final and complete understanding of the parties
*A step in the process of
money laundering
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Integrated farming
Integrated Farming (IF), integrated production or Integrated Farm Management is a whole farm management system which aims to deliver more sustainable agriculture. Integrated Farming combines modern tools and technologies with traditional practices ...
, a farm management system
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Integration (tax), a feature of corporate and personal income tax in some countries
Engineering
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Data integration
Data integration involves combining data residing in different sources and providing users with a unified view of them.
This process becomes significant in a variety of situations, which include both commercial (such as when two similar companies ...
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Digital integration
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Enterprise integration
Enterprise integration is a technical field of enterprise architecture, which is focused on the study of topics such as system interconnection, electronic data interchange, product data exchange and distributed computing environments.
It is a c ...
*Integrated architecture, in an
Enterprise architecture framework
An enterprise architecture framework (EA framework) defines how to create and use an enterprise architecture. An architecture framework provides principles and practices for creating and using the architecture description of a system. It struct ...
approach such as DoDAF
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Integrated circuit, an electronic circuit whose components are manufactured in one flat piece of semiconductor material
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Integrated design
Integrated design is a comprehensive holistic approach to design which brings together specialisms usually considered separately. It attempts to take into consideration all the factors and modulations necessary to a decision making process.
A few ...
, an approach to design which brings together specialisms usually considered separately
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Integrated product team An integrated product team (IPT) is a multidisciplinary group of people who are collectively responsible for delivering a defined product or process.
IPTs are used in complex development programs/projects for review and decision making. The empha ...
, use of a team including multiple disciplines (e.g. customer, engineer, support, testing)
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Integrated software
Integrated software is a software for personal computers that combines the most commonly used functions of many productivity software programs into one application.
The integrated software genre has been largely overshadowed by fully functional o ...
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System integration, engineering practices for assembling large and complicated systems from units, particularly subsystems
Mathematics
* Integration, the computation of an
integral
In mathematics, an integral assigns numbers to functions in a way that describes displacement, area, volume, and other concepts that arise by combining infinitesimal data. The process of finding integrals is called integration. Along wit ...
** Indefinite integration, the computation of
antiderivative
In calculus, an antiderivative, inverse derivative, primitive function, primitive integral or indefinite integral of a function is a differentiable function whose derivative is equal to the original function . This can be stated symbolicall ...
s
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Numerical integration
In analysis, numerical integration comprises a broad family of algorithms for calculating the numerical value of a definite integral, and by extension, the term is also sometimes used to describe the numerical solution of differential equations ...
, computing an integral with a numerical method, usually with a computer
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Integration by parts
In calculus, and more generally in mathematical analysis, integration by parts or partial integration is a process that finds the integral of a product of functions in terms of the integral of the product of their derivative and antiderivative. ...
, a method for computing the integral of a product of functions
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Integration by substitution
In calculus, integration by substitution, also known as ''u''-substitution, reverse chain rule or change of variables, is a method for evaluating integrals and antiderivatives. It is the counterpart to the chain rule for differentiation, and can ...
, a method for computing integrals, by using a change of variable
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Symbolic integration, the computation, mostly on computers, of antiderivatives and definite integrals in term of formulas
* Integration, the computation of a solution of a differential equation or a system of differential equations:
**
Integrability conditions for differential systems In mathematics, certain systems of partial differential equations are usefully formulated, from the point of view of their underlying geometric and algebraic structure, in terms of a system of differential forms. The idea is to take advantage of the ...
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Integrable system
In mathematics, integrability is a property of certain dynamical systems. While there are several distinct formal definitions, informally speaking, an integrable system is a dynamical system with sufficiently many conserved quantities, or first ...
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Order of integration
In statistics, the order of integration, denoted ''I''(''d''), of a time series is a summary statistic, which reports the minimum number of differences required to obtain a covariance-stationary series.
Integration of order ''d''
A time s ...
, in statistics, a summary statistic for a time series
Sociology
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Social integration
Social integration is the process during which newcomers or minorities are incorporated into the social structure of the host society.
Social integration, together with economic integration and identity integration, are three main dimensions o ...
, in social science, a movement of newcomers or marginalized minorities into the mainstream of a society
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Racial integration, including desegregation and other changes in social opportunity and culture
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Desegregation
Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups, usually referring to races. Desegregation is typically measured by the index of dissimilarity, allowing researchers to determine whether desegregation efforts are having impact o ...
, ending a separation of races, particularly in the context of the American civil rights movement
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Educational integration of students with disabilities
Other uses
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Integration (festival)
Integration is the annual techno-cultural fest of Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata usually held during last three weekends of January each year. It is one of the biggest campus events in Kolkata, and attracts participation from all over th ...
, an annual technology and cultural festival managed by the Indian Statistical Institute
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''Integration'' (album), a 2011 album by Kellee Maize
*Integration, an album by
Kultur Shock
See also
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Desegregation
Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups, usually referring to races. Desegregation is typically measured by the index of dissimilarity, allowing researchers to determine whether desegregation efforts are having impact o ...
, the process of ending the separation of two groups, usually races
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Interdisciplinarity, involves the combining of two or more academic disciplines into one activity (e.g. a research project)
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Integrity
Integrity is the practice of being honest and showing a consistent and uncompromising adherence to strong moral and ethical principles and values.
In ethics, integrity is regarded as the honesty and truthfulness or accuracy of one's actions. In ...
, a concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations, and outcomes
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Disintegration (disambiguation)
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Integral (disambiguation)
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