The insurgency in the Maghreb refers to the Islamist

insurgency An insurgency is a violent, armed rebellion against authority waged by small, lightly armed bands who practice guerrilla warfare from primarily rural base areas. The key descriptive feature of insurgency is its asymmetric nature: small irregu ...

in the

Maghreb The Maghreb (; ar, الْمَغْرِب, al-Maghrib, lit=the west), also known as the Arab Maghreb ( ar, المغرب العربي) and Northwest Africa, is the western part of North Africa and the Arab world. The region includes Algeria, ...

region of

North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...

that followed on from the end of the

Algerian Civil War The Algerian Civil War ( ar, rtl=yes, الْحَرْبُ الْأَهْلِيَّةُ الجَزَائِرِيَّةُ, al-Ḥarb al-ʾAhlīyah al-Jazāʾirīyah) was a civil war in Algeria fought between the Algerian government and various Is ...

in 2002 to the present day. The Algerian militant group

Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat The Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat ( ar, الجماعة السلفية للدعوة والقتال), known by the French acronym GSPC ('), was an Algerian terrorist faction in the Algerian Civil War founded in 1998 by Hassan Hattab, a ...

(GSPC) allied itself with

al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda (; , ) is an Islamic extremism, Islamic extremist organization composed of Salafist jihadists. Its members are mostly composed of Arab, Arabs, but also include other peoples. Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on civilian and military ta ...

to eventually become

al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb ( ar-at, تنظيم القاعدة في بلاد المغرب الإسلامي, Tanẓīm al-Qā'idah fī Bilād al-Maghrib al-Islāmī), or AQIM, is an Islamist militant organization (of al-Qaeda) that aims to ...

(AQIM). The Algerian and other Maghreb governments fighting the militants have worked with the United States and the United Kingdom since 2007, when

Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara {{Infobox military conflict , conflict=Operation Juniper Shield , partof= the War on terror (Islamist insurgency in the Sahel) , image= , caption=A United States special forces NCO watches weapons marksmanship training for a member of a Malian ...

began. While the 2011

Arab Spring The Arab Spring ( ar, الربيع العربي) was a series of Nonviolent resistance, anti-government protests, Rebellion, uprisings and Insurgency, armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s. It began in T ...

affected support for the insurgency, it also presented military opportunities for the

jihadists Jihadism is a neologism which is used in reference to "militant Islamic movements that are perceived as existentially threatening to the West" and "rooted in political Islam."Compare: Appearing earlier in the Pakistani and Indian media, Wes ...

. In 2012, AQIM and Islamist allies captured the northern half of Mali, until being fought back less than a year later following a French-led foreign intervention, which was succeeded by the Sahel-wide

Operation Barkhane Operation Barkhane was an anti-insurgent operation that started on 1 August 2014 and formally ended on 9 November 2022. It was led by the French military against Islamist groups in Africa's Sahel region. In

Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya bo ...

, the ISIL/ISIS/IS/Daesh was able to control some limited territory during the

Second Libyan Civil War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Second Libyan Civil War , partof = the Arab Winter, Libyan Crisis (2011–present), Libyan Crisis, Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, War on terror, and Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomat ...

, amid allegations of local collaboration between the rival AQIM and ISIL.

Background

With the decline of the

Armed Islamic Group of Algeria The Armed Islamic Group (GIA, from french: Groupe Islamique Armé; ar, الجماعة الإسلامية المسلّحة, al-Jamāʿa l-ʾIslāmiyya l-Musallaḥa) was one of the two main Islamist insurgent groups that fought the Algerian gove ...

(GIA), the GSPC was left as the most active rebel group, with about 300 fighters in 2003. It continued an

assassination campaign An assassination campaign is a series of assassinations carried out to achieve a larger political goal. History In the 19th century, Narodnaya Volya carried out a campaign of assassinations against high-ranking Russian leaders. In India, militants ...

of police and army personnel in its area, and also managed to expand into the

Sahara , photo = Sahara real color.jpg , photo_caption = The Sahara taken by Apollo 17 astronauts, 1972 , map = , map_image = , location = , country = , country1 = , ...

, where its southern division, led by

Amari Saifi Amari Saifi () (born 23 April 1968), also known under his aliases Abou Haidara or Abderrazak le Para, is one of the leaders of the Islamist militia Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC). According to ''Paris Match'', Saifi claims to have ...

(nicknamed "Abderrezak el-Para", the "paratrooper"), kidnapped a number of German tourists in 2003, before being forced to flee to sparsely populated areas of

Mali Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali,, , ff, 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, Renndaandi Maali, italics=no, ar, جمهورية مالي, Jumhūriyyāt Mālī is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali ...

, and later

Niger ) , official_languages = , languages_type = National languagesChad Chad (; ar, تشاد , ; french: Tchad, ), officially the Republic of Chad, '; ) is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic ...

, where he was captured. Some believe that el-Para actually works for the Algerian government. By late 2003, the group's founder had been supplanted by the even more radical

Nabil Sahraoui Nabil Sahraoui (26 September 1969 – 20 June 2004), alias Mustapha Abou Ibrahim, was an Algerian Islamist militant, and the head of the radical ''Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat'' (GSPC, later renamed Al-Qaeda Organization i ...

, who announced his open support for

, thus strengthening government ties between the U.S. and Algeria. He was reportedly killed shortly afterwards, and was succeeded by

Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud Abdelmalek Droukdel ( ar, عبد المالك درودكال; 20 April 1970 – 3 June 2020), also known by his alias as Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud ( ar, أبو مصعب عبد الودود), was the emir, or leader, of the Algerian Islamic militan ...

in 2004. The GSPC has declared its intention to attack Algerian, French, and American targets. It has been designated as a

Foreign Terrorist Organization Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) is a designation for non-United States-based organizations deemed by the United States Secretary of State, in accordance with section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (INA), to be involved ...

by the

U.S. Department of State The United States Department of State (DOS), or State Department, is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the Federal government of the United States, U.S. federal government responsible for the country's fore ...

, and similarly classed as a terrorist organization by the

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been des ...

Overview

Insurgency in Algeria

The conflict with the GSPC continued to result in a significant number of casualties in Algeria, with over 1,100 killed in clashes with Islamist rebels in 2002. In 2003, a total 1,162 were killed in clashes in Algeria, followed by 429 killed in 2004, 488 killed in 2005, and 323 killed in 2006. In early 2006, the head of the Algerian national police claimed that terrorism had nearly been eliminated in the country, but significant attacks continued, and 2007 would eventually mark a height of suicide bombings and terrorist attacks in Algeria.

Broadening of conflict

In order to improve recruiting and funding, the GSPC aligned itself with al-Qaeda, and on 11 September 2006, al-Qaeda leader

Ayman al-Zawahiri Ayman Mohammed Rabie al-Zawahiri (June 19, 1951 – July 31, 2022) was an Egyptian-born terrorist and physician who served as the second emir of al-Qaeda from June 16, 2011, until his death. Al-Zawahiri graduated from Cairo University with ...

announced a union between the groups. The GSPC rebranded itself as al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) in January 2007, signaling the broadened aspirations of the group. The group now aimed to overthrow all North African governments deemed apostate, including those of Algeria, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia. Operations were shifted into two broader "sectors", Northern Algeria and Tunisia allocated a "central emirate", and northern Mali, Niger, Mauritania and Libya a "Sahara emirate" led by

Djamel Okacha Djamel is a given name. Notable people with the name include: * Djamel Abdoun (born 1986), French-born Algerian footballer *Djamel Amani (born 1962), former Algerian professional footballer *Djamel Ameziane, Algerian citizen, former resident of Can ...

. The strategic leadership of AQIM continued to be headquartered in the mountainous region of

Kabylie Kabylia ('' Kabyle: Tamurt n Leqbayel'' or ''Iqbayliyen'', meaning "Land of Kabyles", '','' meaning "Land of the Tribes") is a cultural, natural and historical region in northern Algeria and the homeland of the Kabyle people. It is part of the ...

east of the Algerian capital

Algiers Algiers ( ; ar, الجزائر, al-Jazāʾir; ber, Dzayer, script=Latn; french: Alger, ) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. The city's population at the 2008 Census was 2,988,145Census 14 April 2008: Office National des Statistiques ...

, headed by a 14-member Shura council leadership. As the Algerian counterterrorism campaign became largely successful in pushing AQIM out of the country, the group established new bases in Sahel countries such as Niger, Mauritania, Chad and Mali. Attacks against government and military installations were frequently underreported by Western media. In 2007, the United States and United Kingdom launched the

in support of governments in the region. Frequent kidnappings of foreigners in 2008 led the Dakar Rally to be cancelled and permanently moved to South America.

Mauritania

In the earliest major attack as direct spillover of the Algerian conflict, the Mauritanian army base at Lemgheity was attacked by the GSPC in June 2005, killing 17 soldiers (and nine jihadists), and wounding another 17. The attack in part led to a coup d'état in October 2005 by

Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz ( ar, محمد ولد عبد العزيز ''Muḥammad Wald 'Abd al-'Azīz''; born 20 December 1956) is a former Mauritanian politician who was the 8th List of heads of state of Mauritania, President of Mauritania, in of ...

, who made a campaign against jihadists a major part of his rule. Attacks continued in Mauritania until it was largely successful in thwarting attacks since 2011 following a major military boost and political openings for Islamists. AQIM has however continued to remain active in the eastern border-regions with Mali, with active support systems for logistics and information. A lack of military resources, often due to turmoil and having little population in a very large country, caused Mauritania to rely on support from France, Morocco, and Algeria in order to defeat the AQIM.

Tunisia

In December 2006 and again in January 2007, Tunisian security forces engaged in clashes with a group linked to the GSPC that had established training camps in mountainous areas near the capital Tunis, killing more than a dozen people. According to French daily ''

Le Parisien ''Le Parisien'' (; French for "The Parisian") is a French daily newspaper covering both international and national news, and local news of Paris and its suburbs. It is owned by LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE, better known as LVMH. Histor ...

'' at least 60 people were killed in the clashes. The clashes were the most serious terrorist activity in Tunisia since the Ghriba synagogue bombing in 2002. Starting in 2012, AQIM along with

Ansar al-Sharia Ansar al-Sharia or Ansar al-Shariah is a name used by a collection of radical or militant Islamist groups or militias, in at least eight countries. While they share names and ideology, they lack a unified command structure. *Ansar al-Sharia (Yemen ...

and the Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade active in the mountainous

Jebel ech Chambi Jebel ech Chambi ( ''Jabal ash-Sha‘ānabī''; also Mount Ash-Sha'nabi) is a mountain peak in Tunisia. It has an elevation of and is the highest mountain in the country. It stands above the city of Kasserine in western central Tunisia. The summ ...

region outside

Kasserine Kasserine ( ar, القصرين, al-Qasrīn, Tunisian Arabic: ڨصرين ') is the capital city of the Kasserine Governorate, in west-central Tunisia. It is situated below Jebel ech Chambi ( جبل الشعانبي), Tunisia's highest mountain. ...

near the

Algeria–Tunisia border The Algeria–Tunisia border is 1,034 km (642 mi) in length and runs from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the tripoint with Libya in the south. Description The border starts in the north at the Mediterranean coast, proceeding overland ...

have been targeted by the Tunisian Army in the Chaambi Operations. In 2014, Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade militants attacked two Tunisian military checkpoints, killing fourteen Tunisian soldiers and injuring twenty-five in what was the deadliest military skirmish in Tunisia since its independence in 1956. Since 2015, Tunisia has simultaneously been targeted by an ISIL terrorist campaign. In March 2016 over 50 militants were killed when ISIL attempted to seize Ben Guerdane near the

Libya–Tunisia border The Libya–Tunisia border is 461 km (286 mi) in length and runs from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the tripoint with Algeria in the south. Description The border starts in the north on the Mediterranean coast at Ras Agedir/Adjir, pr ...

Libyan Civil War

Since the

Libyan Civil War Demographics of Libya is the demography of Libya, specifically covering population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, and religious affiliations, as well as other aspects of the Libyan population. The ...

in 2011, south-western Libya has offered sanctuaries to AQIM which has dispatched cells to be established in the region. On 11 September 2012, members of

and AQIM were responsible for coordinated attacks against two United States government facilities in Benghazi, and Ansar al-Sharia was later involved in clashes in Benghazi in 2013. Drawing defectors from AQIM, the rival

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant An Islamic state is a State (polity), state that has a form of government based on sharia, Islamic law (sharia). As a term, it has been used to describe various historical Polity, polities and theories of governance in the Islamic world. As a t ...

(ISIL) was later able to control some limited territory in the north in the renewed civil war from 2014. After initial official support from AQIM, allegations have continued of local collaboration between the otherwise rivalling groups. After being pushed out of Derna, the remaining ISIL stronghold of

Sirte Sirte (; ar, سِرْت, ), also spelled Sirt, Surt, Sert or Syrte, is a city in Libya. It is located south of the Gulf of Sirte, between Tripoli and Benghazi. It is famously known for its battles, ethnic groups, and loyalty to Muammar G ...

was captured in late 2016. Al-Qaeda-affiliated Islamists led by Ansar al-Sharia have at the same time continued to exert control in other places.

Mali conflict and Sahel spillover

In 2012 Malian President

Amadou Toumani Touré Amadou Toumani Touré (4 November 19489 November 2020) was a Malian politician. He supervised Mali's first multiparty elections as chairman of the transitional government (1991–1992), and later became the second democratically-elected Presiden ...

was ousted in a coup d'état over his handling of the Tuareg rebellion. The AQIM and allied Islamist groups

Ansar Dine Ansar Dine ( ar, أنصار الدين ''ʾAnṣār ad-Dīn'', also transliterated ''Ançar Deen''; meaning " helpers of the religion" (Islam) also known as Ansar al-Din (abbreviated as AAD) was a Salafi jihadist group led by Iyad Ag Ghaly. Ans ...

and

Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa The Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (abbreviated MOJWA) or the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (abbreviated MUJWA; ar, جماعة التوحيد والجهاد في غرب أفريقيا ''Jamāʿat at-tawḥīd wal-jih ...

(MOJWA) were able to capture the northern half of Mali after effectively overrunning the state of

Azawad Azawad, or Azawagh (Tuareg: Azawaɣ, or Azawad; ar, أزواد) was a short-lived unrecognised state from 2012 to 2013. Azawagh (''Azawaɣ'') is the generic Tuareg Berber name of all Tuareg Berber areas, especially the northern half of Mal ...

, led by former Tuareg fighters from the Libyan Civil War. After Ansar Dine attempted a push into the south of the country, Mali requested France to launch a military intervention in January 2013 which successfully pushed rebels out. The military intervention was followed by an ongoing Sahel-wide French-led military operation with around 4,000 French soldiers actively deployed. Small pockets of armed Islamists have remained active in northern Mali, and attacks have continued against the UN peacekeeping mission

MINUSMA The United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (, MINUSMA) is a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Mali. MINUSMA was established on 25 April 2013 by United Nations Security Council Resolution 2100 to stabilise t ...

, which has become one of the UN's deadliest international missions.

Timeline of events

2002

*Algerian Civil War with the GIA is considered to have ended in February 2002, GSPC continues insurgency. *April 11 – Ghriba synagogue bombing killed 22 (14

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

tourists, 5

Tunisians Tunisians ( ar, تونسيون ''Tūnisiyyūn'', aeb, توانسة ''Twensa'') are the citizens and nationals of Tunisia in North Africa, who speak Tunisian Arabic and share a common Tunisian culture and identity. In addition, a Tunisian diaspo ...

, and 2 French nationals and the

suicide bomb A suicide attack is any violent attack, usually entailing the attacker detonating an explosive, where the attacker has accepted their own death as a direct result of the attacking method used. Suicide attacks have occurred throughout histor ...

er). *May 5 – 15

government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...

soldiers are killed in an

ambush An ambush is a long-established military tactics, military tactic in which a combatant uses an advantage of concealment or the element of surprise to attack unsuspecting enemy combatants from concealed positions, such as among dense underbru ...

near

Tizi Ouzou Tizi Ouzou or Thizi Wezzu (, Kabyle: Tizi Wezzu) is a city in north central Algeria. It is among the largest cities in Algeria. It is the second most populous city in the Kabylie region after Bejaia. History Etymology The name ''Tizi Ouzou' ...

, in the

region of northern

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

. About 50 members of the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) were blamed for the assault. *June 23 – Militants killed 6

civilian Civilians under international humanitarian law are "persons who are not members of the armed forces" and they are not "combatants if they carry arms openly and respect the laws and customs of war". It is slightly different from a non-combatant, b ...

s in an attack on youths playing

football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...

near a bus station in

Zéralda Zeralda is a suburb of the city of Algiers in northern Algeria. Notable people * Mohamed Belhocine, Algerian medical scientist, professor of internal medicine and epidemiology. * Abdelaziz Bouteflika, fifth President of Algeria (1999–2019). ...

suburb A suburb (more broadly suburban area) is an area within a metropolitan area, which may include commercial and mixed-use, that is primarily a residential area. A suburb can exist either as part of a larger city/urban area or as a separate ...

. *July 17 – Militants killed 7 civilians in Ouled Allal, Bouira Province. Bringing the death toll of the previous three days to 22. *September 13 – Militants killed 11 civilians on a road in Ain Defla Province, northern Algeria. The previous month, according to a toll compiled from press reports and official accounts, an estimated 140 people were killed in extremist violence, bringing the number of people who had been killed since the beginning of the year to 1,070. *September 19 – 15 people are reported to have been arrested in

under suspicion of providing money and logistical help to the GSPC. *October 2 – Militants killed 13 civilians in a remote village in Ain Defla Province, western Algeria.

2003

*January 6 – Militants ambushed a military convoy in north-east Algeria killing 43 soldiers and wounding 19 others. Also militants attacked families near the capital, Algiers, killing 13 people. *Between February 22 and March 24 – The Free Salafist Group (GSL), a splinter group of the GSPC led by Amari Saïfi (Abderrazak "El Para"), allegedly captures 32 European tourists in southern

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

. **On May 13, 17 hostages are released and 2 militants are killed in a gun battle in the Algerian desert. The remaining fighters, with 15 hostages, flee to northern

. After receiving a purported €5 million ransom paid by the German government, the GSL/GSPC releases the 14 remaining hostages on August 19. –

International Crisis Group The International Crisis Group (ICG; also known as the Crisis Group) is a transnational non-profit, non-governmental organisation founded in 1995. It is a think tank, used by policymakers and academics, performing research and analysis on global ...

Report, 31 March 2005 The fifteenth hostage, a German, died of heat exhaustion. *May 16 –

2003 Casablanca bombings The 2003 Casablanca bombings were a series of suicide bombings on May 16, 2003, in Casablanca, Morocco. The attacks were the deadliest terrorist attacks in the country's history. Forty-five people were killed in the attacks (33 victims and 12 ...

killed 45 including 12 suicide-bombers. *September –

was reported to have replaced Hassan Hattab as leader of the GSPC but other media reports have denied that any change has taken place. *November 27 – In Messad,

Djelfa Province Djelfa ( ar, ولاية الجلفة) is a province (''wilaya'') of Algeria. Its capital is Djelfa. It was first established by the administrative reorganization of 1974, and is home to over 1.2 million inhabitants. Localities in this province i ...

, Algeria, a well-known poet and member of the extended Royal Saudi family was killed and 4 others were injured in an apparent terrorist attack, according to press reports.

2004

*May 2 – It was reported that in the previous two days 7 members of the security forces, 6 civilians and 2 militants were killed in several locations: near Algiers and in the provinces of

Medea In Greek mythology, Medea (; grc, Μήδεια, ''Mēdeia'', perhaps implying "planner / schemer") is the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, a niece of Circe and the granddaughter of the sun god Helios. Medea figures in the myth of Jason an ...

, Bouira and

Relizane Relizane or Ghilizan (Arabic: غلیزان; Berber: Ɣilizan) is a city in Algeria. It is the capital city of Relizane Province. Toponymy The name of Relizane comes from the Berber ⵉⵖⵉⵍ ⵉⵣⵣⴰⵏ (Iɣil Izzan) which means “burn ...

. *May 18 – 2 bombs exploded, killing 2 soldiers and wounding 13 people, including 4 soldiers, in Setif in eastern Algeria. *June 2 – Fighters ambushed an Algerian military convoy in

Béjaïa Béjaïa (; ; ar, بجاية‎, Latn, ar, Bijāya, ; kab, Bgayet, Vgayet), formerly Bougie and Bugia, is a Mediterranean port city and commune on the Gulf of Béjaïa in Algeria; it is the capital of Béjaïa Province, Kabylia. Béjaïa is ...

in eastern Algeria, killing 10 soldiers and wounding 45 others. *June 28 – The army killed three Islamic extremists in a raid near the capital, Algiers. *September 20 – Militants killed 4 people at a roadblock they set up near Kalous in Bouira Province. *September 29 – Militants attacked a civil defense post near the city of

Ain Defla Ain (, ; frp, En) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Eastern France. Named after the Ain river, it is bordered by the Saône and Rhône rivers. Ain is located on the country's eastern edge, on the Swiss border, where i ...

, killing 6 members of the civil defense force. *October 22 – Militants attacked a vehicle near

Médéa Médéa ( ber, Lemdiyyet, ar, المدية ''al-Madiya''), population 123,535 (1998 census) is the capital city of Médéa Province, Algeria. It is located roughly 68 km south of Algiers. The present-day city is situated on the site of ...

carrying fans to a football match in the capital Algiers killing 16 people.

2005

*April 9 – Militants killed 14 people at a mock roadblock near Algier. In addition another 36 people, including 15 security force members have been killed since the start of March. *May 15 – Fighters ambushed an army convoy in the region of

Khenchela Khenchela ancient Mascula ( ar, خنشلة) is the capital city of the administrative Khenchela Province (''Wilaya''), number 40, in the north east of Algeria. Situated in the Aures Mountains, 1200 m above sea level. The city is mainly popu ...

killing 12 soldiers. *June 13 – An explosive device kills 3 soldiers and 3 civilians west of

Tipaza Tipaza (formerly ''Tefessedt'', Chenoua-Berber: Bazar, ⴱⴰⵣⴰⵔ, ar, تيپازة) is the capital of the Tipaza Province, Algeria. When it was part of the Roman Empire, it was called ''Tipasa''. The modern town was founded in 1857, and is ...

. *June 18 – An explosive device killed a policeman during a police raid in El-Djer. *June 23 – An explosive device kills 11 policeman on the road linking Azzefoune and Aghrib in the province of

. *July 18 – Islamist militants killed 5 policemen in an ambush in

in western Algeria. *September 25 – Militants killed 5 members of the security forces. Three days before, 7 soldiers and 3 civilians were killed in two other attacks. Since the beginning of the month, another 16 soldiers, 12 civilians and 1 policeman were killed. The attacks took place in Boumerdes Province and close to

Saida Saida may refer to: Places * Saïda, Algeria, a city in Algeria * Saïda Province, a province of Algeria * Saida, Lebanon, the Arabic name for Sidon, a city in Lebanon * Saida, a village in Helan, Mandi Bahauddin, Punjab province, Pakistan * Sai ...

2006

*February 1 – The Algerian daily Liberté reports that spiritual leader

Ahmed Abou al-Baraa Ahmad ( ar, أحمد, ʾAḥmad) is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other spellings of the name include Ahmed and Ahmet. Etymology The word derives from the root (ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the ve ...

(real name Ahmed Zarabib) has been killed by Algerian government forces in the mountains near Toudja on January 17. *March 30 – Hassan Hattab, a founder of the group, is reported to have called on its remaining members to accept an amnesty offered by the Algerian government. *April 7 – Fighters ambushed a government convoy in the desert region of

Ghardaïa Ghardaïa ( ar, غرداية, Mzab-Berber: ''Taɣerdayt'') is the capital city of Ghardaïa Province, Algeria. The commune of Ghardaïa has a population of 93,423 according to the 2008 census, up from 87,599 in 1998, with an annual growth rate ...

in Algeria carrying customs agents killing 31 people. *April 26 – A suicide bomber attacked the base of the Multinational Forces and Observers at al-Jura wounding two members of the force. *June 21 – The Algerian army killed 10 Islamists in Ghzerwal, near Boumerdes. *June 26 – The Algerian army killed 19 Islamists in the eastern region of

, bringing the number of people killed since the start of the latest unrest in Algeria to 53, including 36 suspected Islamists. Among the dead were also 7 soldiers killed on June 21 and 5 civilians killed on June 20. *July 20 – Fighters killed 4 government municipal guards near

. The attack followed a similar one on July 12 when 5 guards were killed near

. *August 29 – Fighters attacked a checkpoint in El-Kseur in Béjaïa Province, killing 2 policemen and 1 civilian. *September 14 –

announced it will join the GSPC in their fight against France. They plan to attack France, the United States, and their allies.c *September 2 – In separate clashes 6 soldiers were killed in the regions of

and

. *October – A series of truck bombs exploded in Algiers killing 3 and wounding 24. *November 3 – 15 militants ambushed an army patrol in the

region killing 8 soldiers. *November 9 – Militants ambushed an army patrol in the Bouira region killing 7 soldiers and wounding 13. *December 10 – A bomb tore apart a bus carrying foreign oil workers in Algiers, killing 4 and wounding 18.

2007

*January –

Tunisia ) , image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa , image_map2 = , capital = Tunis , largest_city = capital , ...

said it killed 12 GSPC militants while losing two security men. The militants allegedly planned to attack the U.S. and British embassies in

Tunis ''Tounsi'' french: Tunisois , population_note = , population_urban = , population_metro = 2658816 , population_density_km2 = , timezone1 = CET , utc_offset1 ...

. *January 5 – Fighters killed 18 soldiers in an ambush in the region of

Biskra Biskra ( ar, بسكرة ; ; Latin Vescera) is the capital city of Biskra Province, Algeria. In 2007, its population was recorded as 307,987. Biskra is located in northeastern Algeria, about 248 miles (400 km) from Algiers, 71 miles (115&nbs ...

. *January 21 – A roadside bomb exploded under an army vehicle near

Jijel Jijel ( ar, جيجل), the classical Igilgili, is the capital of Jijel Province in north-eastern Algeria. It is flanked by the Mediterranean Sea in the region of Corniche Jijelienne and had a population of 131,513 in 2008. Jijel is the administra ...

in eastern Algeria killing a soldier and wounding another 8. *January 30 – 5 soldiers and 10 Islamists were killed in fighting in the eastern region of Batna. *February 6 – The United States began

in partnership with the United Kingdom and a number of partner states in the Sahel region. *February 13 – 7 bombs exploded at 7 police stations in the

region killing 2 policemen and 4 civilians. *March 3 – A bomb hits a convoy of Russian pipeline workers between the towns of

and

, killing 4 Russians and 7 Algerians. *Between March 11 and April 14 – The 2007 Casablanca bombings killed 8. *April 7 – 13 soldiers and 19 Islamists were killed in fighting in a wooded area in the Ain Defla Province. *April 11 – A 11 April 2007 Algiers bombings, suicide attack at the entrance of the Ministry of Interior killed more than 24 people and wounded 300. *May 11 – In various incidents 6 Islamists, 1 soldier and 1 policeman were killed near

and

. *May 13 – A bomb exploded at a police checkpoint in Constantine, Algeria, killing a policeman and wounding 2. *May 14 – 20 militants were killed in clashes near the capital. *July 11 – A suicide truck bomber attacked a military barracks near Bouira, killing 10 soldiers and wounding 45. *September 3 – During clashes in the Tebessa Province, Tebessa region 5 security forces members and a civilian were killed. *September 5 – 7 militants were killed when the army bombed a suspected militant hideout in the Tebessa Province, Tebessa region. *September 12 – A US C-130 plane was attacked by a machine gun emplacement. The plane reached its destination in Mali and nobody was injured. Since the beginning of OEF-TS, 100 AQIM members have been killed by security forces with 261 noncombat fatalities. *September 15 – A bomb exploded in front of a police compound in Zemmouri, near Boumerdes, killing 3 people and wounding 5 others. *September 22 – A suicide bomber wounded 9 people, including 2 Frenchmen and an Italian, in an attack in Lakhdaria, in the Bouira Province. *October 9 – In clashes in Kabylie 3 militants, including the GSPC deputy leader, were killed. *October 15 – In fighting in the

province 3 militants were killed. *November 16 – Algerian forces killed the treasurer of al-Qaeda in Algeria, Abdelhamid Sadaoui, also known as Abou el Haythem, near

. *December 11 – 2 suicide truck bombers 11 December 2007 Algiers bombings, attacked U.N. offices in Algiers, killing 37 people and injuring 171. The United Nations Security Council officially condemned this attack. *December 25 – 4 French tourists were killed by gunmen in Mauritania and a fifth seriously injured. The victims were all part of the same family. See 2007 French tourists killing in Mauritania.

2008

*Al Qaeda's wing in north Africa claimed to have killed 120 Algerian soldiers and wounded 530 in clashes in its eastern stronghold, where the army has launched a campaign against the rebels. In an Internet statement posted on March 8, 2008, the group denied a newspaper report that 25 of its fighters had been killed and played down reports its leader had been surrounded. *June 6 – A roadside bomb killed six soldiers and wounded four in Cap Djenat. The bombing came a day after a suicide bomber targeted a military barracks in an eastern Algiers suburb but killed only himself. *June 8 – 2008 Beni Amrane bombings, 2 bombs in quick succession rocked a train station in Beni Amrane, about east of Algiers. The first bomb killed a Frenchman working on a renovation project at the station along with his driver. The second bomb came about five minutes later hitting the first responders and killing 8 soldiers and 3 firefighters. *June 11 – A Moroccan court convicted a cell of 29 recruiters and sentenced them to prison. *July 2 – Moroccan forces arrested 35 Al Qaeda recruiters. *July 14 – A leader of Al-Qaida in Algeria was killed in a security forces raid. *August 19 – A suicide car-bomber 2008 Issers bombing, attacked a police academy in Les Issers as recruits lined up in front of the building, 43 people were killed, only one of them a policeman. This attack was officially condemned by the United Nations Security Council. *August 20 – 2 car bombs exploded at a hotel in Bouira killing 11 civilians a day after the car bomb attack in Les Issers. *September 15 – 12 Mauritanians were captured and later beheaded in northern Mauritania.

2009

*January 19 – The bubonic plague infected and killed at least 40 members of AQIM in a training camp. *January 22 – Gunmen abducted a Swiss couple, a German woman, and a British man in Niger. In February, Al-Qaeda in the Maghreb claimed to have abducted the four tourists as well as Canadian diplomat Robert Fowler (diplomat), Robert Fowler in December. Fowler and three others were released in April while the British man, Edwin Dyer, was executed in June. *February 22 – Militants attack a gas installation at the Ziama Mansouriah commune in the coastal province of Jijel, killing 9 security guards in the deadliest strike since August. *June 17 – 18 gendarmerie troops and a civilian were killed in 2009 Algerian military ambush, an attack on a military convoy near Bordj Bou Arréridj, about southeast of Algiers. Local sources said that the soldiers were returning after escorting to base a group of Chinese workers building the future motorway intended to cross the whole of the north African country from east to west. *July 30 – At least 14 Algerian security guards were killed in an ambush by alleged Islamic fighters. *August 9 – 2009 Nouakchott suicide bombing. *October 8 – 2 brothers suspected of links to AQIM were arrested in France. One of the two was a CERN researcher. *November 26 – Frenchman Pierre Camatte was kidnapped in Ménaka, Mali by al-Qaeda. *November 29 – Spanish aid workers Roque Pascual, Albert Vilalta, and Alicia Gamez were kidnapped on a coastal road in Mauritania. Gamez was released in March 2010, while Pascual and Vilalta was released in August 2010. *December 19 – An Italian and his wife from Burkina Faso were kidnapped in eastern Mauritania. They were released on April 19, 2010. *December 28 – 3 Saudi tourists were killed and 3 others injured in an attack near Djambala, Niger. A fourth Saudi died two days later.

2010

*January 29 – A bomb exploded at the passage of a freight train loan Timezrit. Nobody was injured. *March 8 – At least 5 soldiers were killed close to Niger's border with Mali, in a sunrise ambush in which rebels attacked a convoy with rockets and machine gun fire at an isolated border post. *March 21 – 3 militants were killed by security forces near El Ma Labiod, 35 km from Tebessa. *March 25 – 2 soldiers were killed and five others wounded in an attack in the city of Kadiria. *March 26 – 3 militants were killed while another was captured by security forces in Ait Yahia Moussa, 30 km from Tizi Ouzou. *April 1 – A bomb attack against a taxi killed 2 people in Tizi-Ouzou. Another attack against a police patrol resulted in no injuries. *April 3 – 7 security officers and a soldier were killed in a double bomb attack in the region of

. 2 other soldiers were wounded in the second explosion. *April 14 – According to Algerian officials, at least 10 militants were killed since a counter-terrorist operation started in Bordj Bou Arreridj raion. The operation is ongoing. Top militant Abdelmalek Droukdel could be surrounded with other militants, a military spokesman said. *April 23 – At least 9 policemen were killed and another was slightly wounded when a bomb exploded in Irraguern (between Béjaïa and Jijel) while they were passing by. No other details have been reported. *April 28 – A fierce gunbattle between Algerian army and a group of militants occurred near Tidjellabine (2 km from Boumerdes). It is known that one soldier was killed, but the counter-terrorist operation was still going on according to Algerian officials. *May 2 – One militant was killed in a clash with Algerian forces in a forest between Akfadou and Adekar. "He was wearing an old military jacket (...) he was killed on the spot" a military spokesman said. "The counter-terrorist operation is still going on" he added. This heavily forested area is often the scene of clashes between militants from Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM, former GSPC) and Algerian army. *May 4 – 3 militants, including the emir of "Takhoukht Jamaat" Zakaria Abdelkahar, were killed by security forces in Draa El Mizen (45 km from Tizi-Ouzou). It was reported that the authorities demanded them to stop their car and to surrender, but they refused and were killed. Several weapons and a large amount of ammunition were discovered in the car. No other details have been reported. *May 9 – 2 people including a child were killed in an ambush in Kabylie. Another person is missing. *June 7 – 2 people were killed and a third critically injured in a bomb attack near Darguina, Derguina. *June 11 – A suicide car bomb directed by a suicide bomber against a fixed barrier of the gendarmerie in Ammal resulted in 8 dead, including 3 policemen, four civilians and a Chinese national. Thus a score of wounded including 10 policemen and 10 civilians. At least three terrorists were killed during the violent clash that occurred after the blast. *June 24 – 5 people were killed and one wounded by gunfire during a wedding at douar Ghrab near Tébessa. *July 1 – 11 policemen were killed in an ambush in the city of Tinzaouatine. This attack was claimed by Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb, AQIM. *July 4 – 3 policemen killed by a bomb on a road near Jijel by suspected Islamists. *July 14 – 4 soldiers were killed and 13 others wounded in several bomb attacks. *July 25 – Six militants were killed in a Franco-Mauritanian raid against a camp of Al-qaeda in Mali to try to free the hostage Michel Germaneau. At the same time one person was killed and 10 wounded in a suicide attack against a police brigade in Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria. *July 26 – A few days after Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb, AQIM claimed he was executed in reprisal against the French-Mauritanian raid, the Nicolas Sarkozy, French president confirms the death of 78-year-old French volunteer aid worker Michel Germaneau, who had been kidnapped on April 21. It cannot be ruled out that he died as a result of running out of heart drugs. *August 7 – The mayor of the town of Baghlia, Mohammed Idir, was murdered when he went to the mosque. *August 20 – An attack against a military convoy near Baghlia killed 13 people and injured at least two. *August 22 – A former terrorist was assassinated by bullets in the town of Baghlia in Algeria. *August 24 – An attempted suicide attack wounded 7 in Mauritania. The bomber's vehicle exploded before reaching its target, a military barracks in Néma. *August 30 – A suicide car bomb against a military convoy left 3 dead and at least 20 wounded in the town of Zemmouri in

. *September 16 – Gunmen abduct five Frenchmen, a Togolese, and a Malagasy from a uranium mine in northern Niger. *September 18 – A battle between Mauritanian army and members of Al-Qaeda killed at least 6 members of the army and 12 militants. *October 3 – Five soldiers were killed and ten others injured in a bomb attack against their convoy in Zekri, a town of Kabylie, during a search operation. *October 12 – A departmental head in public works, his two collaborators and two contractors were killed in a bomb attack in Tlidjene. *October 25 – 1 soldier was killed and four others wounded by a bomb explosion in the passage their patrol in the Boumerdes region.

2011

*January 4 – An attack against the embassy of France in Mali's capital Bamako resulting in 1 injuries. This is the first such attack on Malian territory. *January 7 – Two French citizens were kidnapped in Niamey,

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while French troops were attempting to rescue them. Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb, AQIM declared on 15 January that it had executed one of them while the other one was killed by the French military. A post-mortem examination established that one of them received a direct shot, while the other one was killed by the "thermal effects of fire". *January 29 – A member of the municipal guard was killed and three others wounded in an attack against the headquarters of the communal guard in the southwest of Tizi Ouzou. *February 3 – The Mauritanian army has detonated a vehicle filled with explosives 12 km south of Nouakchott killing its three passengers and wounding eight soldiers. The attack was to assassinate the President of Mauritania

. That attack was claimed by Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb, AQIM. *March 9 – An attack near Djelfa left 5 dead, in what appeared to be a response to the death of Abou Tourab, a leader of Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb, AQIM. *April 17 – 20 Algerian soldiers were killed and twenty-two injured in three attacks claimed by Al Qaeda. Eleven militants were also killed. *April 28 – 2011 Marrakesh bombing. A remote controlled bomb explode in Argana café, on Jemaa el-Fnaa square. Amongst the dead are 7 French national, 2 Canadians and a Dutch. *April 29 – The explosion of a bomb in the town of Oued Djemaa has killed five communal guards who went to their place of work. *May 6 – A bomb that exploded at the passage of a military convoy killed five soldiers and wounded five other in a region of

. Since April 15 and the address to the nation of Abdelaziz Bouteflika there were fifty deaths in Islamist attacks. *May 4 – Four policemen were killed in a bomb attack on the road between Tizi-Ouzou, the main town of Kabylie, in Algiers the capital of the country. *May 6 – Three soldiers were killed and two others wounded by gunmen in the region of Jijel. One was initially killed by firing a gun, the others were killed by a bomb attack. *May 12 – Seven soldiers were killed and three terrorists killed in an attack against a military outpost in the region of Jijel, Algeria. An eighth member is missing and two were wounded in the attack with machine guns and Assault rifles, perpetrated in Tizrarane. *July 5 – Al-Qaida claims to have attacked a Mauritanian army base in Mali claiming to have killed 20 soldiers and destroyed 12 vehicles. they also say he lost two of their men. The Mauritanian army for its part says it killed 15 militants and lost two men. *July 16 – Four people were killed and twenty injured in attacks, including two attacks by suicide bombers in the east of Algiers. In addition near the Tunisian border, two gunmen were killed. *August 14 – A suicide bombing against a police station injured more than 30 in the city of Tizi Ouzou, Similarly, two people were killed in a double bomb attack targeting a police station in Bordj Menaiel. *August 17 – A soldier was killed and five injured in a bomb attack in the town of Thenia. *August 22 – A soldier was killed and two others wounded in the explosion of a roadside bomb in Taourga. In addition, two officers from the Hasnaoui were murdered and a young civilian was hit by bullets. *August 24 – One militant was wounded and policemen recovered two Kalashnikovs in a clash near Tizi-Ouzou. *August 27 – A suicide attack against the Military Academy Cherchell, a hundred kilometers west of Algiers, killed 18 people, 16 officers and two civilians and wounded 20 others. The attack occurred less than ten minutes after breaking the fast of Ramadan. *September 27 – 5 men suspected of funding AQIM were arrested by Spanish police. Since 2004, over 400 suspected AQIM members have been arrested by Spain. *October 23 – Two Spaniards and an Italian were abducted near Tindouf in western Algeria. The Spaniards were identified as Ainhoa Fernandez de Rincon, a pro-Sahrawi people, Sahrawi activist, and Enric Gonyalons, a member of the Basque non-profit group Mundubat. The Italian was named as Rossella Urru from Rome-based Comitato Italiano Sviluppo dei Popoli. The three were freed on July 18, 2012. *November 23 – Gunmen kidnapped two French workers in Hombori, Mali. *November 25 – Gunmen killed a German tourist and kidnapped a Swede, a Dutchman and a British/South African in Timbuktu, Mali.

2012

*January 16 – The start of the Mali Civil War.

2013

*January 16 – In Aménas hostage crisis in Algeria.

2014

*April 19 – AQIM militants killed eleven soldiers in the

region of Algeria, east of Algiers. It was one of the deadliest attacks on the Algerian military in several years. *September 14 – Jund al-Khilafah leader Khaled Abu-Suleiman announces the group's split from

, and pledges allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, leader of the

. *September 21 – Hervé Gourdel is abducted by Jund al-Khilafah in the Djurdjura National Park in Algeria. *September 22 – Jund al-Khilafah releases a video showing Hervé Gourdel being held captive. The group stated that the kidnapping was in response to France conducting Opération Chammal, Airstrikes against "Islamic State" and threatened to behead him if France continued to carry out airstrikes against ISIL. *September 24 – The group releases a video purporting to show the beheading of Hervé Gourdel. The militants shown stated that the beheading was in response to the order of ISIL spokesman Abu Mohammed al-Adnani, in which he called on followers to attack citizens of member nations of the anti-ISIL coalition. *October – One of the Jund al-Khilafah militants responsible for the beheading of Hervé Gourdel was killed in an Algerian military operation in October. *December 11 – The Algerian justice ministry states that Algerian soldiers had killed two Jund al-Khilafah members believed to have been involved in the murder of Hervé Gourdel. *December 20 – Algerian soldiers kill three Jund al-Khilafah members in the mountains near Sidi Daoud. *December 22 – Jund al-Khilafah leader Abdelmalek Gouri and two other militants were killed by the Algerian army in a military operation in Issers. Afterwards, troops recovered two automatic rifles, explosive belts, and a large amount of ammunition and mobile phones.

2015

*March 19 – The Bardo National Museum attack in Tunis killed 21, mostly foreign tourists. *March 28 – Tunisian Special Forces killed Khaled Chaieb, leader of Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade along with 8 more militants in Sidi Aïch, Gafsa Governorate south west of Tunisia. *April 28 – The Algerian military killed 5 Jund al-Khilafah militants, in an ambush in the region of Tizi Ouzou, east of Algiers. *May 20 – Algerian security forces ambushed a Jund al-Khilafah meeting east of Algiers, killing at least 21 fighters and capturing two others. *June 26 – The 2015 Sousse attacks, Sousse attacks at the resort at Port El Kantaoui killed 39 European tourists, mostly British citizens. *July 17 – At least 9 Algerian soldiers were killed in an ambush by AQIM militants in the south of Aïn Defla province, southwest of Algiers. *November 25 – ISIS has claimed responsibility for bombing a bus carrying members of Tunisia's presidential guard killing 12.

2016

*January 4 – 7 Libyan guards were killed and 25 wounded at the oil port of Sidra, Libya, Es Sider. *January 7 – 47–70 People are killed and dozens more injured when explosions were set off at a Libyan Coast Guard training camp in the city of Zliten. *February 20 – Jund al-Khilafah claimed to have killed three Algerian soldiers in Mount Shakshut in Bouira in late February. This claim was denied by the

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n government. *March 7 – Morocco's Interior Ministry says it dismantled a five-member ISIS group cell planning to detonate explosives in crowded public spaces. Also 43 militants, one soldier and four citizens they killed and six militants arrested after ISIL in Libya Jihadists 2016 Ben Guerdane attack, attacked a border town in

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border. *March 9 – 10 militants and 1 soldier killed in the ongoing raid of Libyan-Tunisian border. Also, the African Union confirmed that will send a mission to northern Mali in the next of the months to look into setting up a counter-terrorism force to support vulnerable U.N. peacekeepers. *March 10 Three ISIL fighters are killed in Libya-Tunisia border during ongoing classes. *March 18 – A gas facility in the Algerian desert has been attacked by AQIM, though no one was hurt, Norwegian oil giant Statoil has said. *March 24 – Morocco captured 9 ISIL in Libya operatives inside the Moroccan territory. *March 28 – 18 Algerian soldiers killed in an airplane crash in the Tamanrasset region. It is unknown if the crash was because of terrorist attack or a technical problem. *March 31 – AQIM in Tunisia, has claimed an attack on Tunisian border guards near the town of Bouchebka on the Algerian border, wounding some soldiers. A Mali intelligence spokesman says special forces have arrested a jihadi leader close to Islamic extremist group Ansar Dine in southern Mali. *April 5 – 4 AQIM soldiers killed in Algeria near the Tunisian border. *April 18 – Spanish police said they had detained a Moroccan man in the Mediterranean island resort of Palma de Mallorca suspected of recruiting militants for ISIS. *April 29 – Algerian government said that it killed five AQIM fighters in two separate raid in eastern Algeria. *May 6 – Tunisian forces capture 9 AQIM militants in the Tunisian countryside. *May 7 – Brother of Abdelhamid Abaaoud jailed by Morocco court over terrorist accusations. *May 11 – Two suspected ISIL members killed along with four Tunisian soldiers after a raid on Tunisian capital. *August 29 – In Atlas Mountains nearby Algeria 3 Tunisian soldiers were killed and 7 others wounded by AQIM militants *October 9 – In Tamalous,

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Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, ISIS militants detonated an explosive device adjacent to the army convoy as it passed near Tamalous town in northeastern Algeria. It was not immediately clear whether the explosion caused any casualties. *October 28 – A police officer was killed by three assailants while eating in a restaurant in the Constantine District in Constantine Province, around east of Algiers. ISIS, Islamic State claims responsibility for the attack. *November 5: A Tunisian soldier has been killed in his home in Governorate Kasserine Governorate, Kasserine,

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by extremists. *December 2 – Several women committed suicide bombings that killed four Libyan soldiers and two other women. The victims had previously granted them safe passage to leave buildings under the control of Islamic State militants in

. *December 5 – Terrorists launched two suicide vehicles towards army lines. 9 soldiers were killed in Benghazi,

. *December 7 – Terrorists launched a "double-tap" car bombing outside the Benghazi headquarters of Saiqa Special Force. The two blasts appear to have killed nobody outright but left 22 people injured. *December 18 – At least seven people were killed and eight wounded when a suicide bomber targeted forces loyal to Libya's eastern government in Benghazi.

2017

*January 1 – A bomb killed a child and injured 7 others in Blida,

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. *January 20 – A car bomb exploded on Friday near a mosque in

's second city of Benghazi, killing one person and wounding 13 people including a former interior minister, medical and security sources said. *January 21 – A car bomb exploded in Tripoli, Libya, Tripoli. The blast, which left at least two people dead, struck near the recently re-opened Italian embassy. *February 26 – Police killed a suicide bomber heading for their commissariat in Constantine, Algeria. The explosion of the explosive belt caused two wounded. *March 12 – A police officer and two militants were killed in a shootout at a checkpoint in southern Tunisia that left three other officers injured. *May 7 – Two fighters from Third Force of Libya were killed and three others were wounded in an IS attack. *May 18 – Brak al-Shati Airbase raid: At least 141 soldiers and civilians were killed in an attack in Southern Libya. *May 19 – The head of eastern Libya's largest tribe and other man were killed on Friday when a car bomb exploded outside a mosque on the outskirts of Benghazi, according to a Libyan security official.

2018

*January 20 – A Tunisian special operations unit ambushed and killed two commanders of Okba Ibn Nafaa, AQIM's Tunisia branch, in the mountains outside Sbeitla, near the Algerian border. Tunisian authorities identified the men as Bilel Kobbi and Bechir Ben Neji. *January 26 – Algerian special forces killed eight AQIM commanders in the rugged mountainous area of Chechar in the eastern region of Khenchela. The men were said to have been en route to meet other jihadist leaders, including AQIM leader Abdelmalek Droukdel.

2019

*July 14 – Five people were arrested by the Algerian army during counterterrorist raids in Batna. Those arrested were accused of plotting attacks on the 2019 Algerian protests, recent protests in the country. *October 14 – An Islamist stabbed to death a French tourist while wounding a Tunisian soldier in Bizerte, Tunisia. *October 20 – A leader of AQIM's Tunisian branch Okba Ibn Nafa'a was killed in the

region of Tunisia, on the border with Algeria.

2020

*February 9 – A suicide car bomb attack in Timiaouine, Algeria, left one Algerian soldier dead. *March 6 – Two militants on a motorbike blew themselves up outside the US embassy in Tunisia, killing a policeman and injuring five more. *June 21 – A security operation in Algeria's central region of Aïn Defla left one Algerian soldier dead following an ambush. *June 27 – A bomb exploded during a sweep operation by the Algerian military in Médéa Province, south of Algiers, killing two soldiers, including an officer. *December 17 – Algerian authorities captured Rezkane Ahcene, known as 'Abu Dahdah', who joined terrorist groups in 1994, in Jijel Province.

2021

*January 2 – Two Algerian military personnel and four militants were killed in a clash in Tipaza province. *January 8 – Tunisian authorities arrested five members including a senior leader from the Okba Ibn Nafaa brigade, part of al Qaeda. *January 14 – Five civilians were killed in the Telidjane district, Algeria when their car was hit with an IED and destroyed. *February 3 – Four Tunisian soldiers were killed when their vehicle hit a landmine near Mount Mghila on the Algerian border.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maghreb Activity (2002-Present) Islamism in Africa Maghreb War on terror Wars involving Algeria Wars involving the states and peoples of Africa 2000s conflicts 2010s conflicts 2000s in Africa 2010s in Africa Conflicts in 2002 Conflicts in 2003 Conflicts in 2004 Conflicts in 2005 Conflicts in 2006 Conflicts in 2007 Conflicts in 2008 Conflicts in 2009 Conflicts in 2010 Conflicts in 2011 Conflicts in 2012 Conflicts in 2013 Conflicts in 2014 Conflicts in 2015 Conflicts in 2016 Conflicts in 2017 Conflicts in 2018 Conflicts in 2019 Conflicts in 2020 Conflicts in 2021 Islamic terrorist incidents in the 2000s Islamic terrorist incidents in the 2010s Wars involving Mauritania Wars involving Morocco Wars involving France Insurgencies in Africa Terrorist incidents in Africa in the 2000s Terrorist incidents in Africa in the 2010s

Background

Overview

Insurgency in Algeria

Broadening of conflict

Mauritania

Tunisia

Libyan Civil War

Mali conflict and Sahel spillover

Timeline of events

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

See also

References