Founded in
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...
in 1962 by
Augusto Trajano de Azevedo Antunes (
Caemi
Caemi Mineração e Metallurgia S.A. was a major Brazilian mining holding company that ceased to exist in December 2006 after it was merged into Vale. Caemi means ''Companhia Auxiliar de Empresas de Mineração''.
Operations
The company owned ir ...
) and
Antônio Gallotti (
Light S.A.
Light S.A. () is a private public utility company of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Founded in 1904 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada by The Rio de Janeiro Tramway, Light and Power Co. Ltd., it was authorized to operate in Brazil in 1905.
Research activities ...
), the Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Sociais (''Institute of Research and Social Studies''), or IPÊS, was one of the two leading
conservative think tank
A think tank, or policy institute, is a research institute that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as social policy, political strategy, economics, military, technology, and culture. Most think tanks are non-governmenta ...
s (the other was the
IBAD
The ʿIbād or ʿEbād () were a Christian Arab group within the city of al-Ḥīra (Ḥirtā) during Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages, when the city was part of the Sasanian Empire and later the Caliphate. Of diverse tribal backgrounds, th ...
) organized from the late 1950s with the explicit goal to prevent what was deemed as the spread of
Communism
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
over
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
. However, differently from the IBAD, that openly funded the campaigns of
anti-Communist
Anti-communism is Political movement, political and Ideology, ideological opposition to communism. Organized anti-communism developed after the 1917 October Revolution in the Russian Empire, and it reached global dimensions during the Cold War, w ...
politicians, the IPES centered its work in the field of anti-governmental
propaganda
Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded ...
, through the production of movies of "democratic indoctrination", financing of courses, seminars and lectures, publishing of anti-Communist books and
pamphlet
A pamphlet is an unbound book (that is, without a hard cover or binding). Pamphlets may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half, in thirds, or in fourths, called a ''leaflet'' or it may consist of a ...
s (such as "
UNE
Une is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Eastern Province, Cundinamarca, Eastern Province, part of the Departments of Colombia, department of Cundinamarca Department, Cundinamarca. The urban centre is located at an altitude of at a dista ...
, instrumento de subversão" - ''UNE, instrument of subversion'', addressed to undergraduate students) and the
cooptation of organizations opposing the government of
President
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
*President (education), a leader of a college or university
*President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
João Goulart
João Belchior Marques Goulart (1 March 1919 – 6 December 1976), commonly known as Jango, was a Brazilian politician who served as the 24th president of Brazil until a military coup d'état deposed him on 1 April 1964. He was considered the ...
, such as the ''Círculos Operários'' (Rio de Janeiro and
São Paulo
São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC a ...
), the ''Brazilian Confederation of Christian Workers'' (CBTC), the ''União Cívica Feminina'' of São Paulo and the ''Movimento Universitário de Desfavelamento''. In 1963, its activities were investigated by a Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry (CPI), but the Institute was acquitted. In 1966, two years after the
military coup that
overthrew João Goulart, the IPÊS was recognized as an "entity of public utility" through a presidential decree.
The IPÊS survived until 1972 in Rio de Janeiro (the São Paulo's branch was deactivated in 1970).
See also
*
Covert United States foreign regime change actions
The United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was created on September 18, 1947, when Harry S. Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947 into law. A major impetus that has been cited over the years for the creation of the CIA was ...
References
External links
*
Anti-communism in Brazil
Think tanks based in Brazil
{{Brazil-poli-stub