The "Simion Stoilow" Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy is a research institute in

Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...

. It is affiliated with the

Romanian Academy The Romanian Academy ( ro, Academia Română ) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life. According to its byl ...

, and it is named after Simion Stoilow, one of its founders.

History

On December 29, 1945, a group of twenty Romanian mathematicians from various institutions in Bucharest led by Dimitrie Pompeiu held a meeting at the

University of Bucharest The University of Bucharest ( ro, Universitatea din București), commonly known after its abbreviation UB in Romania, is a public university founded in its current form on by a decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Princel ...

to establish the ''Institute of Mathematical Sciences'' with the aim of "promoting scientific research in mathematical sciences, through communications, talks, publications, congresses, and other means proper to this aim". This group also included Dan Barbilian,

Alexandru Froda Alexandru Froda (July 16, 1894 – October 7, 1973) was a Romanian mathematician with contributions in the field of mathematical analysis, algebra, number theory and rational mechanics. In his 1929 thesis he proved what is now known as Froda's ...

Alexandru Ghica Alexandru Scarlat Ghica (? – after 1768) was Voivode (Prince) of Wallachia from December 1766 to October 1768. He succeeded Scarlat Ghica Scarlat Grigorie Ghica (1715 – 2 December 1766) was a Prince of Moldavia (2 March 1757 – 7 August 1 ...

, Gheorghe Mihoc,

Grigore Moisil Grigore Constantin Moisil (; 10 January 1906 – 21 May 1973) was a Romanian mathematician, computer pioneer, and titular member of the Romanian Academy. His research was mainly in the fields of mathematical logic ( Łukasiewicz–Moisil algebra ...

Miron Nicolescu Miron Nicolescu (; August 27, 1903 – June 30, 1975) was a Romanian mathematician, best known for his work in real analysis and differential equations. He was President of the Romanian Academy and Vice-President of the International Mathematical ...

, Octav Onicescu, Stoilow, Gabriel Sudan, Victor Vâlcovici, and Gheorghe Vrănceanu. In January 1946 they registered the Institute as a

legal person In law, a legal person is any person or 'thing' (less ambiguously, any legal entity) that can do the things a human person is usually able to do in law – such as enter into contracts, sue and be sued, own property, and so on. The reason for ...

, specifically an

NGO A non-governmental organization (NGO) or non-governmental organisation (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government. They are typically nonprofit entities, and many of them are active in h ...

, with the

Ilfov County Ilfov () is the county that surrounds Bucharest, the capital of Romania. It used to be largely rural, but, after the fall of Communism, many of the county's villages and communes developed into high-income commuter towns, which act like suburbs ...

Court. On June 9, 1948 the new

Communist regime A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state that is administered and governed by a communist party guided by Marxism–Leninism. Marxism–Leninism was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, the Cominte ...

revamped the

to an institution modeled on the

Academy of Sciences of the USSR The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991, uniting the country's leading scientists, subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 ...

, increasing by 1966 the number of its member research centers and institutes from 7 to 56. Among the newly created institutes was the ''Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy'', established in 1949 on the basis of the previous NGO with the contribution of Simion Stoilow, one of the twenty founding members from 1945. In 1974, Zoia Ceaușescu, a graduate of the Faculty of Mathematics of the University of Bucharest and the daughter of

Nicolae Ceaușescu Nicolae Ceaușescu ( , ; – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician and dictator. He was the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and the second and last Communist leader of Romania. He ...

, the communist head of state, was hired by the institute. Her parents were not happy with her choice in studying Mathematics. Provoked by a verbal disagreement with

, in April 1975, Ceaușescu issued a decree to close down the Institute. The ensuing disruption of scientific life led to the eventual departure from Romania of a number of leading mathematicians, including

Ciprian Foias Ciprian Ilie Foiaș (20 July 1933 – 22 March 2020) was a Romanian-American mathematician. He was awarded the Norbert Wiener Prize in Applied Mathematics in 1995, for his contributions in operator theory. Education and career Born in Reșița ...

and Dan-Virgil Voiculescu. In 1978, with help from Zoia Ceaușescu, some of the former members of the Institute were hired into a newly established Mathematical section of the National Institute Scientific and Technical Creation (''Institutul Național pentru Creație Științifică și Tehnică'', INCREST), previously known as the Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerospace Research (''Institutul de Mecanică a Fluidelor și Cercetări Aerospațiale'', IMFCA), currently a private company (''INAV S.A.''), owned by Grupul S.C.R. After the

Romanian Revolution The Romanian Revolution ( ro, Revoluția Română), also known as the Christmas Revolution ( ro, Revoluția de Crăciun), was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania during December 1989 as a part of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred ...

of 1989, the Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy (abbreviated IMAR) was re-established on March 8, 1990 by a decree of the post-Communist

Romanian government , image = , caption=Logo of the Government of Romania , date = 1862 , state = Romania , address = Victoria PalaceBucharest , appointed = President , leader_title = Prime Minister , mai ...

. It was placed under the aegis of the Romanian Academy, itself partially reorganized by a decree of the same government on January 5, 1990.

Current situation

Currently, IMAR is the leading Romanian institution in Mathematics research, with about 100 full- and part-time researchers. In 2000–2004, the Institute was a Centre of Excellence in Research of the

European Commission The European Commission (EC) is the executive of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government, with 27 members of the Commission (informally known as "Commissioners") headed by a President. It includes an administrative body ...

. Since 2008, IMAR has a ''Laboratoire Européen Associé'' collaboration with CNRS. The Institute publishes two scientific journals (''Mathematical Reports'' and ''Revue roumaine de Mathématiques pures et appliquées''), and organizes many specialized conferences and congresses. Some of its members are well-known mathematicians. IMAR also hosts the Theta Foundation, a not-for-profit independent publisher of scientific mathematical literature, and SNS-B, an independent postgraduate-level teaching initiative to guide towards research the best Romanian students. The Institute is located on Calea Griviței Street, in the Sector 1 of Bucharest; it occupies the same downtown building it had before 1975.

Directors

* Dimitrie Pompeiu, 1945–1954 * Simion Stoilow, 1954–1961 *

, 1961–1973 *, 1973–1975 *Gheorghe Gussi, 1990–1999 *Șerban Basarab, 1999–2004 *Vasile Brînzănescu, 2004–2012 *Lucian Beznea, 2012–

References

External links

Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy
description at the

brief history
{{authority control Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy Mathematical institutes Institutes of the Romanian Academy 1949 establishments in Romania Organizations established in 1949