Ingapu Township ( my, အင်္ဂပူမြို့နယ်) is a

township A township is a kind of human settlement or administrative subdivision, with its meaning varying in different countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, that tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Ca ...

Myanaung District Myanaung District is a district of the Ayeyarwady Region in Myanmar. The Myanaung District is a newer district grouping three townships formerly part of Hinthada District. The main administrative GAD office was opened on July 1st, 2022. The Dist ...

in the

Ayeyarwady Division Ayeyarwady Region ( my, ဧရာဝတီတိုင်းဒေသကြီး , , ; formerly Ayeyarwady Division and Irrawaddy Division), is a region of Myanmar, occupying the delta region of the Ayeyarwady River (Irrawaddy River). It is bor ...

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

. It is located in southern Myanaung District bordering

Kyangin Township Kyangin Township ( my, ကြံခင်းမြို့နယ်) is a township of Hinthada District in the Ayeyarwady Division of Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions requ ...

to the north. To the south, it borders

Hinthada Township Hinthada Township ( my, ဟင်္သာတမြို့နယ်) is a township of Hinthada District in the Ayeyarwady Division of Myanmar. Notable residents *Bhaddanta Āciṇṇa The Most Venerable Bhaddanta Āciṇṇa ( pi, label=none ...

's townships of

and

Lemyethna Township Lemyethna or Laymyethna Township ( my, လေးမျက်နှာမြို့နယ်) is a township of Hinthada District in the Ayeyarwady Division of Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedi ...

. The Township borders

Letpadan Township Letpatan Township ( my, လက်ပတန်းမြို့နယ်) is a township in Tharrawaddy District in the Bago Region of Burma.

and

Monyo Township Monyo Township is a township in Tharrawaddy District in the Bago Region of Burma Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some ...

Bago Region Bago Region ( my, ပဲခူးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, ; formerly Pegu Division and Bago Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the southern central part of the country. It is bordered by Magway Region ...

to the east and

Gwa Township Gwa Township ( my, ဂွမြို့နယ်) is a township of Thandwe District in Rakhine State, Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in Brit ...

Rakhine State Rakhine State (; , , ; formerly known as Arakan State) is a Administrative divisions of Myanmar, state in Myanmar (Burma). Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State to the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady R ...

to the east.

Ingapu Ingapu ( my, အင်္ဂပူမြို့) is a town in the Ayeyarwady Division of south-west Myanmar. It is the seat of the Ingapu Township in the Myanaung District located along the Ngawun River. History The lost city described as Pinle ...

is the principal town. The Township consists of 1 city, 12 wards, 72 village tracts and 639 villages.

History

The

lost city A lost city is an urban settlement that fell into terminal decline and became extensively or completely uninhabited, with the consequence that the site's former significance was no longer known to the wider world. The locations of many lost citi ...

described as Pinle Pyu () is recorded as being located next to the sea. Unlike many other small Pyu sites, the city is speculated to be large in size located downstream from the

Sri Ksetra Kingdom , conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Sri Ksetra , common_name = Kingdom of Sri Ksetra , era = Classical Antiquity , status = City-state , event_start = Founding of Kingdom , year_start = c. 3rd to 9th century CE , date_start = , ...

. Some archaeologist believe that a walled religious complex in Gyogon, Ingapu Township may be the location of Pinle Pyu. The complex uses

Brahmi script Brahmi (; ; ISO: ''Brāhmī'') is a writing system of ancient South Asia. "Until the late nineteenth century, the script of the Aśokan (non-Kharosthi) inscriptions and its immediate derivatives was referred to by various names such as 'lath' o ...

indicating its potential age. The ancient ruin was excavated in 2014 dated to determine if the 2,000-year-old artifacts were of the Pyu culture or not. Early human footprints were found in Taungnyo mountain near Kyauktalone village 2 miles west of the main site. These fossils along with other artifacts from the Taungnyo site including Paleolithic tools may indicate that the Ingapu site is older than other

Pyu city-states , conventional_long_name = Pyu city-states , common_name = Pyu City States , era = Classical antiquity , status = City , event_start = Earliest Pyu presence in Upper Burma , year_start = c. 2nd century BCE , date_start = , event_en ...

. The city of Ingapu was named as one of the 32 surrounding villages of

Pathein Pathein (, ; mnw, ဖာသီ, ), formerly called Bassein, is the largest city and the capital of the Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar (Burma). It is located 190 km (120 mi) west of Yangon within Pathein Township on the bank of the Pathei ...

by the ancient king Samuddha Gotha's wife Omar Dhanti. By the time of the Konbaung Dynasty the group of villages was known as Okhpo when it was given to Thihaboh Min after

Alaungpaya Alaungpaya ( my, အလောင်းဘုရား, ; also spelled Alaunghpaya or Alaung-Phra; 11 May 1760) was the founder of the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). By the time of his death from illness during his campaign in Siam, this f ...

's conquests. The name Okhpo originates, by legend, from the village's role baking bricks for the

Shwemokhtaw Pagoda Shwemokhtaw Pagoda ( my, ရွှေမုဋ္ဌောစေတီ) is a Buddhist pagoda in Pathein, Myanmar (formerly Bassein, Burma). The pagoda is bounded by Merchant St, Strand, Mahabandoola and Shwezedi Roads. At the southern pavilion o ...

in Pathein during the time of Omar Dhanti. The town was renamed in 1852 to its ancient name of Ingapu after the

Second Anglo-Burmese War The Second Anglo-Burmese War or the Second Burma War ( my, ဒုတိယ အင်္ဂလိပ် မြန်မာ စစ် ; 5 April 185220 January 1853) was the second of the Anglo-Burmese Wars, three wars fought between the Konbaung dy ...

by the British to distinguish it from

Okpho Okpho (; also spelt Okpo) is a small town and seat of Okpho Township, Tharrawaddy District, in the Bago Region of southern-central Myanmar. It lies south of Gyobingauk and north of Minhla. It contains a hospital, a pagoda, and an open ground in t ...

in Bago Region. The township was first established independent from

Myanaung Township Myanaung Township ( my, မြန်အောင်မြို့နယ်) is a township of Hinthada District in the Ayeyarwady Division of Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventio ...

in 1972 under the first township administrator Maung Tin.

Geography

Ingapu Township is located within the

Irrawaddy Delta The Irrawaddy Delta or Ayeyarwady Delta lies in the Irrawaddy Division, the lowest expanse of land in Myanmar that fans out from the limit of tidal influence at Myan Aung to the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea, to the south at the mouth of the A ...

and includes part of the

Arakan Mountains The Arakan Mountains ( my, ရခိုင်ရိုးမ), also known as the Rakhine Yoma, are a mountain range in western Myanmar, between the coast of Rakhine State and the Central Myanmar Basin, in which flows the Irrawaddy River. It is th ...

in its west. The highest point in the town reaches over on the border with

. The elevation slopes from the foothills in the central-western part of the township towards the

Irrawaddy River The Irrawaddy River ( Ayeyarwady River; , , from Indic ''revatī'', meaning "abounding in riches") is a river that flows from north to south through Myanmar (Burma). It is the country's largest river and most important commercial waterway. Origi ...

on the Township's eastern border with

. The primary waterway serving the town of Ingapu is the

Ngawun River The Ngaun were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland. Country Norman Tindale calculated that the Ngaun had a territorial estate extending over . They were present at Iffley, and eastwards as far as the Gregory Range and Saxb ...

. The township typicall sees 88.5 days of rain a year totalling an average of of rain a year. Erosion and flood damage destroyed over 300 homes between 2015 and 2019. The township has 8 major dams. The waterways within the township are volatile and changing significantly as quickly as within four years. The forested foothills of the Arakan mountains in the township's west is home to many species with little human development. The township has 60% forest cover with 25% being protected natural areas. Among others, the township has

teak Teak (''Tectona grandis'') is a tropical hardwood tree species in the family Lamiaceae. It is a large, deciduous tree that occurs in mixed hardwood forests. ''Tectona grandis'' has small, fragrant white flowers arranged in dense clusters (panicl ...

, '' Kanyin'' and Burmese laurel trees are notable tree species. The township is home to

elephants Elephants are the largest existing land animals. Three living species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant, the African forest elephant, and the Asian elephant. They are the only surviving members of the family Elephantidae and ...

tigers The tiger (''Panthera tigris'') is the largest living cat species and a member of the genus ''Panthera''. It is most recognisable for its dark vertical stripes on orange fur with a white underside. An apex predator, it primarily preys on un ...

, wild boars, black bears and deer among others. The township is also a

malaria Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. S ...

-endemic region.

Demographics and Economy

Ingapu Township is overwhelmingly rural with 89.8% (196,017 people) of the township living outside of the singular town of

as of 2019. The gender ratio is 1.006 with more men than the national average. 92.67% of the township are

Bamar The Bamar (, ; also known as the Burmans) are a Sino-Tibetan ethnic group native to Myanmar (formerly Burma) in Southeast Asia. With approximately 35 million people, the Bamar make up the largest ethnic group in Myanmar, constituting 68% of th ...

and 92.4% of the population is

Buddhist Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...

. The second largest religion is

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global pop ...

concentrated mostly within Ingapu town. The mean household size is 3.7 people.

Agriculture Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to ...

is the primary industry of Ingapu Township. The main crop grown is

rice Rice is the seed of the grass species ''Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice) or less commonly ''Oryza glaberrima ''Oryza glaberrima'', commonly known as African rice, is one of the two domesticated rice species. It was first domesticated and grown i ...

with

peanut The peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible Seed, seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, important to both small ...

s and various

lentils The lentil (''Lens culinaris'' or ''Lens esculenta'') is an edible legume. It is an annual plant known for its lens-shaped seeds. It is about tall, and the seeds grow in pods, usually with two seeds in each. As a food crop, the largest produ ...

as secondary off-season crops. There is also a small but significant

poultry Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails, a ...

industry in the township.

Fishing Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. Fish are often caught as wildlife from the natural environment, but may also be caught from stocked bodies of water such as ponds, canals, park wetlands and reservoirs. Fishing techniques inclu ...

and fisheries also make up a significant portion of the town's economic output. The heavily wooded landscape of western Ingapu Township sees some forestry, but is limited by environmental protection areas. The township has transportation infrastructure by waterway and roads connecting it to its main market,

Hinthada Hinthada ( my, ဟင်္သာတမြို့; formerly Henzada) is a city located on the Irrawaddy River in Ayeyarwady Region, Burma (Myanmar). In the 1983 census the city itself had a population of 82,005. By 2010 it had grown to 170,312. ...

References

{{Ayeyarwady Division Townships of Ayeyarwady Region

History

Geography

Demographics and Economy

See also

References