''Trochus calcaratus'', common name the actor top shell, is a
species of
sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...
, a
marine
Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean.
Marine or marines may refer to:
Ocean
* Maritime (disambiguation)
* Marine art
* Marine biology
* Marine debris
* Marine habitats
* Marine life
* Marine pollution
Military
* ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk in the
family Trochidae, the top snails.
[Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2014). Trochus calcaratus Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=567739 on 2014-06-06]
The name ''Trochus histrio'' was not well described by Reeve, and as was his custom in ''Trochus'', only a back view was given by Reeve, so that positive identification is difficult.
Description
The size of the shell varies between 18 mm and 40 mm. The solid, false-umbilicate shell has an elate-conic shape. The
spire has nearly rectilinear outlines. The about 9
whorl
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
Whorls in nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...
s are planulate, the
body whorl
The body whorl is part of the morphology of the shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk.
In gastropods
In gastropods, the b ...
is carinated. The sculpture of the upper surface consists of spiral series, four or five on each whorl, of regular, closely arranged granules, which are either rounded, bead-like, or laterally compressed. Upon the periphery of each whorl, there is a row of radiating, minutely perforated pustules, numbering on the body whorl 28. The base of the shell is concentrically sculptured with 6 to 7 concentric, densely granose lirae. It is slightly convex, radiately striped with brown or purplish. The color of the upper surface is whitish, broadly striped with red, purplish or brown. It is usually blue when rubbed. The
aperture is lirate within on outer and parietal walls. The basal margin is concave, thick, and dentate within. The
columella is oblique, plicate within and quadridentate. The white umbilical tract is biplicate.
[H. Pilsbry, Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia](_blank)
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This species is principally distinguished by the fistulous or perforated peripheral tubercles.
Distribution
This species occurs on coral reefs and in the low and shallow subtidal zone in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. In Australian waters it occurs off the Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia.
References
* Reeve, L.A. 1848. ''Descriptions of new species of Trochus and Turbo, chiefly from the collection of H. Cuming.'' Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1848: 49-52
* Philippi, R.A. 1855. ''Trochidae''. pp. 249–328 in Küster, H.C. (ed). Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Nürnberg : Bauer & Raspe Vol. 2.
* Lischke, C.E. 1869. ''Japanische Meeres-Conchylien. Ein beitrag zur kenntniss der Mollusken Japan's, mit besonderer rücksicht auf die geographische vertreitung derselben.'' Cassel : Fischer Vol. 1 192 pp., 14 pls.
* Hedley, C. 1907. ''The Mollusca of Mast Head Reef, Capricorn Group, Queensland, part II''. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 32: 476-513, pls 16-21
* Oliver, W.R.B. 1915. ''The Mollusca of the Kermadec Islands''. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 47: 509-568
* Demond, J. 1957. ''Micronesian reef associated gastropods.'' Pacific Science 11(3): 275-341, fig. 2, pl. 1.
* MacNeil, F.S. 1960. ''Tertiary and Quaternary Gastropoda of Okinawa''. United States Geological Survey Professional Papers 339: i-iv, 1-148, 19 pls
* Ladd, H.S. 1966. ''Chitons and gastropods (Haliotidae through Adeorbidae) from the western Pacific Islands''. United States Geological Survey Professional Papers 531: 1-98 16 pls
* Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975. ''Coquillages de Polynésie''. Tahiti : Papeete les editions du pacifique, pp. 1–391
* Tantanasiriwong, R. 1978. ''An illustrated checklist of marine shelled gastropods from Phuket Island, adjacent mainland and offshore islands, Western Peninsula, Thailand.'' Phuket Marine Biological Center, Research Bulletin 21: 1-22, 259 figs
* Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. ''Tropical Pacific marine shells''. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls.
* Wells, F.E. & Bryce, C.W. 1986. ''Seashells of Western Australia.'' Perth : Western Australian Museum 207 pp.
* Wilson, B. 1993. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods''. Kallaroo, Western Australia : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 1 408 pp.
* Herbert D.G. (1996) ''A critical review of the trochoidean types in the Muséum d'Histoire naturelle, Bordeaux (Mollusca, Gastropoda).'' Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, ser. 4, 18 (A, 3-4): 409-445.
External links
To World Register of Marine Species
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q28959959
calcaratus
Gastropods described in 1874