The
finest locally convex
topological vector space
In mathematics, a topological vector space (also called a linear topological space and commonly abbreviated TVS or t.v.s.) is one of the basic structures investigated in functional analysis.
A topological vector space is a vector space that is als ...
(TVS) topology on
the tensor product of two locally convex TVSs, making the canonical map
(defined by sending
to
) continuous is called the inductive topology or the
-topology. When
is endowed with this topology then it is denoted by
and called the inductive tensor product of
and
Preliminaries
Throughout let
and
be
locally convex topological vector space
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, locally convex topological vector spaces (LCTVS) or locally convex spaces are examples of topological vector spaces (TVS) that generalize normed spaces. They can be defined as topological vec ...
s and
be a linear map.
*
is a
topological homomorphism In functional analysis, a topological homomorphism or simply homomorphism (if no confusion will arise) is the analog of homomorphisms for the category of topological vector spaces (TVSs).
This concept is of considerable importance in functional ana ...
or homomorphism, if it is linear, continuous, and
is an
open map
In mathematics, more specifically in topology, an open map is a function between two topological spaces that maps open sets to open sets.
That is, a function f : X \to Y is open if for any open set U in X, the image f(U) is open in Y.
Likewise, a ...
, where
the image of
has the subspace topology induced by
** If
is a subspace of
then both the quotient map
and the canonical injection
are homomorphisms. In particular, any linear map
can be canonically decomposed as follows:
where
defines a bijection.
* The set of
continuous linear map In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, a continuous linear operator or continuous linear mapping is a Continuous function (topology), continuous linear transformation between topological vector spaces.
An operator between two norm ...
s
(resp. continuous
bilinear map
In mathematics, a bilinear map is a function combining elements of two vector spaces to yield an element of a third vector space, and is linear in each of its arguments. Matrix multiplication is an example.
Definition
Vector spaces
Let V, W ...
s
) will be denoted by
(resp.
) where if
is the scalar field then we may instead write
(resp.
).
* We will denote the
continuous dual space
In mathematics, any vector space ''V'' has a corresponding dual vector space (or just dual space for short) consisting of all linear forms on ''V'', together with the vector space structure of pointwise addition and scalar multiplication by cons ...
of
by
and the algebraic dual space (which is the vector space of all linear functionals on
whether continuous or not) by
** To increase the clarity of the exposition, we use the common convention of writing elements of
with a prime following the symbol (e.g.
denotes an element of
and not, say, a derivative and the variables
and
need not be related in any way).
* A linear map
from a Hilbert space into itself is called positive if
for every
In this case, there is a unique positive map
called the square-root of
such that
** If
is any continuous linear map between Hilbert spaces, then
is always positive. Now let
denote its positive square-root, which is called the absolute value of
Define
first on
by setting
for
and extending
continuously to
and then define
on
by setting
for
and extend this map linearly to all of
The map
is a surjective isometry and
* A linear map
is called compact or completely continuous if there is a neighborhood
of the origin in
such that
is
precompact in
** In a Hilbert space, positive compact linear operators, say
have a simple spectral decomposition discovered at the beginning of the 20th century by Fredholm and F. Riesz:
::There is a sequence of positive numbers, decreasing and either finite or else converging to 0,
and a sequence of nonzero finite dimensional subspaces
of
(
) with the following properties: (1) the subspaces
are pairwise orthogonal; (2) for every
and every
; and (3) the orthogonal of the subspace spanned by
is equal to the kernel of
Notation for topologies
*
denotes the
coarsest topology
In topology and related areas of mathematics, the set of all possible topologies on a given set forms a partially ordered set. This order relation can be used for comparison of the topologies.
Definition
A topology on a set may be defined as the ...
on
making every map in
continuous and
or
denotes
endowed with this topology.
*
denotes
weak-* topology
In mathematics, weak topology is an alternative term for certain initial topologies, often on topological vector spaces or spaces of linear operators, for instance on a Hilbert space. The term is most commonly used for the initial topology of a ...
on
and
or
denotes
endowed with this topology.
** Every
induces a map
defined by
is the coarsest topology on
making all such maps continuous.
*
denotes the topology of bounded convergence on
and
or
denotes
endowed with this topology.
*
denotes the topology of bounded convergence on
or the strong dual topology on
and
or
denotes
endowed with this topology.
** As usual, if
is considered as a topological vector space but it has not been made clear what topology it is endowed with, then the topology will be assumed to be
Universal property
Suppose that
is a locally convex space and that
is the canonical map from the space of all bilinear mappings of the form
going into the space of all linear mappings of
Then when the domain of
is restricted to
(the space of separately continuous bilinear maps) then the range of this restriction is the space
of continuous linear operators
In particular, the continuous dual space of
is canonically isomorphic to the space
the space of separately continuous bilinear forms on
If
is a locally convex TVS topology on
(
with this topology will be denoted by
), then
is equal to the inductive tensor product topology if and only if it has the following property:
:For every locally convex TVS
if
is the canonical map from the space of all bilinear mappings of the form
going into the space of all linear mappings of
then when the domain of
is restricted to
(space of separately continuous bilinear maps) then the range of this restriction is the space
of continuous linear operators
See also
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
References
Bibliography
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
External links
Nuclear space at ncatlab
{{Functional analysis
Functional analysis
Topological vector spaces
Topology
Topological tensor products