Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad (abbreviated IIT (ISM), Dhanbad) is a prestigious
public
In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the ''Öffentlichkei ...
technical university located in
Dhanbad
Dhanbad is the second-most populated city in the Indian state of Jharkhand after Jamshedpur. It ranks as the 42nd largest city in India and is the 33rd largest million-plus urban agglomeration in India. Dhanbad shares its land borders with Pa ...
, India. It has main campus of 218 acres in Sardar Patel Nagar area of Dhanbad and recently Jharkhand Cabinet approved 226.98 acres of land in Nirsa for its second campus, IIT (ISM) Dhanbad administration has plans to open more than 29 academic centers in this upcoming campus in Nirsa, Dhanbad. It is an
Institute of National Importance
Institute of National Importance (INI) is a status that may be conferred on a premier public higher education institution in India by an act of Parliament of India, an institution which "serves as a pivotal player in developing highly skilled per ...
. IIT (ISM) has 18 academic departments covering
Engineering
Engineering is the use of scientific method, scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad rang ...
,
Applied Sciences
Applied science is the use of the scientific method and knowledge obtained via conclusions from the method to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted ...
,
Humanities
Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture. In the Renaissance, the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at the t ...
and
Social Sciences
Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of soci ...
and
Management
Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a nonprofit organization, or a government body. It is the art and science of managing resources of the business.
Management includes the activities o ...
programs. It was formerly known as Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad before its conversion into an
Indian Institute of Technology
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are central government owned public technical institutes located across India. They are under the ownership of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India. They are governed by the Institu ...
(IIT). It has been intaking students via IIT-JEE in Bachelors of Technology and 5 Year dual degree masters courses before the conversion.
IIT (ISM) Dhanbad is located in the mineral-rich region of India, in the city of
Dhanbad
Dhanbad is the second-most populated city in the Indian state of Jharkhand after Jamshedpur. It ranks as the 42nd largest city in India and is the 33rd largest million-plus urban agglomeration in India. Dhanbad shares its land borders with Pa ...
. It is the third oldest institute (after
IIT Roorkee, and
IIT (BHU) Varanasi
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi (IIT BHU) is a public technical university located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Founded in 1919 as the Banaras Engineering College, it became the Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu Univers ...
) which got converted into an IIT. It was established by
British Indian Government
British may refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies.
** Britishness, the British identity and common culture
* British English, ...
on the lines of the
Royal School of Mines
The Royal School of Mines comprises the departments of Earth Science and Engineering, and Materials at Imperial College London. The Centre for Advanced Structural Ceramics and parts of the London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Bioe ...
-
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
, and was formally inaugurated on 9 December 1926 by
Lord Irwin
Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, (16 April 1881 – 23 December 1959), known as The Lord Irwin from 1925 until 1934 and The Viscount Halifax from 1934 until 1944, was a senior Conservative Party (UK), British Conservat ...
, the then
Viceroy of India
The Governor-General of India (1773–1950, from 1858 to 1947 the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, commonly shortened to Viceroy of India) was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom and after Indian independence in 19 ...
.
It started as an institution to impart education in mining and mineral sciences, and today, has grown into a technical institution with various academic departments. IIT (ISM) Dhanbad admits its undergraduate students through
Joint Entrance Examination (Advanced), previously
IIT-JEE
The Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) is an engineering entrance assessment conducted for admission to various engineering colleges in India. It is constituted by two different examinations: the JEE-Main and the JEE-Advanced.
The Joint Seat ...
.
On 25 May 2016, the Union Cabinet headed by
Prime Minister Modi
Narendra Damodardas Modi (; born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician serving as the List of Prime Ministers of India, 14th and current Prime Minister of India since 2014. Modi was the List of chief ministers of Gujarat, Chief Minist ...
gave its approval to amend the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 for conversion of ISM Dhanbad into an
Indian Institute of Technology
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are central government owned public technical institutes located across India. They are under the ownership of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India. They are governed by the Institu ...
.
The amendment was approved by Indian Parliament and upon Presidential assent, was notified in the Gazette of India on 10 August 2016.
History
The
Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Em ...
at its XVII Session of December 1901 passed a resolution stating that:
The McPherson Committee formed by
Government of British India
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a State (polity), state.
In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, Executive (government), e ...
, recommended the establishment of an institution for imparting education in the fields of
mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit. The exploitation of these deposits for raw material is based on the economic via ...
and
geology
Geology () is a branch of natural science concerned with Earth and other astronomical objects, the features or rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Ear ...
, whose report, submitted in 1920 along with approach of Indian Mine Managers' of India in 1924, formed the main basis for establishment of the Indian School of Mines & Applied Geology at
Dhanbad
Dhanbad is the second-most populated city in the Indian state of Jharkhand after Jamshedpur. It ranks as the 42nd largest city in India and is the 33rd largest million-plus urban agglomeration in India. Dhanbad shares its land borders with Pa ...
on 9 December 1926.
From 1926 to 1946 it was led by Prof
F. W. Sharpley
Prof Forbes Wilmot Sharpley FRSE MIEE (1897–1965) was a 20th-century Irish-born electrical engineer who became an expert on low-lighting levels and their impact on the human eye.
Life
He was born in Dublin on 7 January 1897 the son of Forbe ...
.
The institute originally offered courses mainly in
Mining Engineering
Mining in the engineering discipline is the extraction of minerals from underneath, open pit, above or on the ground. Mining engineering is associated with many other disciplines, such as mineral processing, exploration, excavation, geology, and ...
and Applied Geology when it opened. In 1957, the institute began offering courses in
Petroleum Engineering and Applied
Geophysics
Geophysics () is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. The term ''geophysics'' som ...
and the name was changed to Indian School of Mines. Up to 1967, it was a government institute where the faculties were recruited through
Union Public Service Commission
The Union Public Service Commission (ISO: ), commonly abbreviated as UPSC, is India's premier central recruitment agency for recruitment of all the Group 'A' officers under Government of India. It is responsible for appointments to and exami ...
(UPSC).
The school was granted university status by the
University Grants Commission under the
University Grants Commission Act, 1956
The University Grants Commission Act, 1956 is an Act of the Parliament of India
The Parliament of India (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, IAST: ) is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicamera ...
in 1967. Later courses in Mining Machinery Engineering and Mineral Engineering were started in 1975 and 1976 respectively. It was among the few institutes to start courses in
Industrial Engineering
Industrial engineering is an engineering profession that is concerned with the optimization of complex process (engineering), processes, systems, or organizations by developing, improving and implementing integrated systems of people, money, kno ...
and Management (in 1977), to cater to the needs of industries like
metallurgy
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys.
Metallurgy encompasses both the sc ...
, mining and
manufacturing
Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer to a r ...
.
From 1996 to 1997 the school came directly under the financial and administrative controls of
Ministry of Human Resource Development
The Ministry of Education ( MoE; formerly the Ministry of Human Resource Development from 1985 to 2020) is a ministry of the Government of India, responsible for the implementation of the National Policy on Education. The Ministry is further di ...
,
Government of India
The Government of India (ISO: ; often abbreviated as GoI), known as the Union Government or Central Government but often simply as the Centre, is the national government of the Republic of India, a federal democracy located in South Asia, c ...
with pay scales and perks to its employees at par with that of
Indian Institutes of Technology
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are central government owned public technical institutes located across India. They are under the ownership of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India. They are governed by the Instit ...
and
Indian Institutes of Management. In 1997, the institute began admitting students through the IIT Joint Entrance Examination (
IIT-JEE
The Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) is an engineering entrance assessment conducted for admission to various engineering colleges in India. It is constituted by two different examinations: the JEE-Main and the JEE-Advanced.
The Joint Seat ...
) conducted jointly by the IITs and ISM.
In 1998 courses for
Electronics Engineering
Electronics engineering is a sub-discipline of electrical engineering which emerged in the early 20th century and is distinguished by the additional use of active components such as semiconductor devices to amplify and control electric current f ...
and
Computer Science and Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) is an academic program at many universities which comprises scientific and engineering aspects of computing. CSE is also a term often used in Europe to translate the name of engineering informatics academic ...
were introduced and in 1999, the institute started a bachelor of technology course in
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical engineering is the study of physical machines that may involve force and movement. It is an engineering branch that combines engineering physics and mathematics principles with materials science, to design, analyze, manufacture, and ...
.
In 2006, IIT (ISM) Dhanbad added 14 new courses, prominent among them being
Electrical Engineering
Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems which use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the l ...
and a course in
Environmental Engineering in the undergraduate curriculum. From 2006, IIT (ISM) Dhanbad also started offering Integrated Master of Science (Int. MSc) in Applied Physics, Applied Chemistry and Mathematics & Computing, and Integrated Master of Science and Technology (Int. MSc Tech) courses for Applied Geology and Applied Geophysics. In 2011, the institute offered a BTech programme in
Chemical Engineering
Chemical engineering is an engineering field which deals with the study of operation and design of chemical plants as well as methods of improving production. Chemical engineers develop economical commercial processes to convert raw materials int ...
. The institute introduced
Civil Engineering
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage ...
in 2013 and
Engineering Physics in 2014.
Conversion to Indian Institute of Technology
While a proposal to upgrade ISM Dhanbad to an
Institutes of National Importance
Institute of National Importance (INI) is a status that may be conferred on a premier public higher education institution in India by an act of Parliament of India, an institution which "serves as a pivotal player in developing highly skilled per ...
had been put as early as 1994 by a Government Committee, no action was taken by the Government over this proposal.
A proposal for the conversion was included in the 12th Five year plan after its passage through the
National Development Council (NDC), on 27 December 2012, and put across the IIT Council on 7 January 2013.
The Union Finance Minister
Arun Jaitley
Arun Jaitley (28 December 1952 – 24 August 2019) was an Indian politician and attorney. A member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Jaitley served as the Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs of the Government of India from 2014 to 2019. Jait ...
, during his budget speech in
Parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...
on 28 February 2015, proposed to upgrade ISM Dhanbad into an IIT.
[See point 80 of Budget speech](_blank)
On 25 May 2016, the Union Cabinet approved that a bill be introduced in Parliament for converting ISM Dhanbad into an IIT.
On 19 July 2016 the Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Bill, 2016 was introduced into the Lok Sabha. It was passed by the Lok Sabha without opposition on 25 July 2016. The Rajya Sabha unanimously passed the Bill on 2 August 2016. The Bill got the Presidential assent and a Gazette notification was made on 6 Sep 2016, thus officially conferring
Indian Institute of Technology
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are central government owned public technical institutes located across India. They are under the ownership of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India. They are governed by the Institu ...
tag to erstwhile
Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad
Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad (abbreviated IIT (ISM), Dhanbad) is a prestigious public technical university located in Dhanbad, India. It has main campus of 218 acres in Sardar Patel Nagar area of Dhanbad and ...
.
Campus
IIT (ISM) Dhanbad campus total campus size is around 444.98 acres, and with its main campus of size approximately 218 acres located in Sardar Patel Nagar of Dhanbad and 226.98 acres of upcoming campus in Nirsa, Dhanbad. The institute has around 8101 students with 3732 undergraduate studentes, 1951 postgraduate students, and 2418 doctoral students.
Hostels
The institute has 11 hostels which are all named around some precious stones like Diamond, Sapphire, Amber, Ruby, Opal, Jasper etc. Some of these hostels are as old as 94 years, and have capacities ranging from 400 to 2200 students. Four of them are for girls and remaining Seven for boys, both include one hostel each for international students.
File:Topaz Hostel at IIT Dhanbad.jpg, Topaz Hostel
File:Diamond Hostel at IIT Dhanbad.jpg, Diamond Hostel
File:Emerald Hostel at IIT Dhanbad.jpg, Emerald Hostel
File:Rosaline Hostel at IIT Dhanbad.jpg, Rosaline Hostel
File:Jasper Hostel at IIT Dhanbad.jpg, Jasper Hostel
File:Opal hostel at IIT Dhanbad.jp
Opal Hostel
Hotspots
The campus has various places where students like to spend their major portion of their time apart from taking classes in the lecture halls.
These include: Student Activity Center (SAC), Main Canteen, Ram Dhani (RD), Library Basement, Penman Auditorium, Heritage Building, Oval Garden, and the Seismographic observatory.
Organisation and administration
Departments
IIT (ISM) Dhanbad has the following departments offering courses in various academic programs:
Research Centres & Industry Interaction Centres
* An eight-storey Central Research Facility has been set up at IIT (ISM) Dhanbad as a Centre of National Importance. IIT (ISM) works as a think tank for eleven ministries of the Govt. of India.
* Industry Institute Interaction Facility, Kolkata: An Industry Institute Interaction Facility, Kolkata has been established in
Kolkata
Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, comme ...
, for hosting campus interviews and international conferences, etc. Another Industry Institute Interaction Facility is being set up in
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...
, and will be ready by 2016.
*The Environmental Information System (ENVIS), a centre at Centre of Mining Environment (CME), Indian School of Mines (ISM), was established in 1991 by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India, for collection, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information in the area of mining environment.
*AICCET- Australia India Clean Coal and Energy Technology Center - It is a joint center between IIT(ISM), Dhanbad and Curtin University, Australia and it is located at Fuel, Minerals and Metallurgical Department building at IIT(ISM)
Academics
Academic programs
IIT (ISM) Dhanbad offers courses in engineering, pure sciences, management and humanities with a focus on engineering. The institute has 18 departments and five inter-disciplinary centers. The Department of Mining Engineering has been accorded the status of "Center of Advanced Studies" by the
University Grants Commission.
Admission to the courses of BTech and Integrated BTech-MTech are done from
JEE Advanced Jee may refer to:
People
* Joe Jee (1883–1919), English football player
* Joseph Jee (1819–1899), English surgeon
* Martha Jee, also known as Martha Wong (1939–), Texas politician
* Rupert Jee (born 1956), American entrepreneur and television ...
qualified students. Admission to the MTech courses are done either through the
Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) or through a special examination conducted by the institute. Admissions to the MBA program is done through the
Common Admission Test (CAT). Admission to the MSc, Integrated MSc-MTech course and PhD courses are done through exams conducted by the institute.
Various courses offered by institute include:
* BTech Course (Duration – 4 Years)
* Integrated BTech-MTech Course (Duration - 5 Years)
* MTech Course (Duration - 2 years)
* MSc Course (Duration – 2 Years)
* Integrated MSc-MTech Course (Duration - 3 years)
* MBA Programme (Duration – 2 years)
* PhD
* Post-Doctoral Fellowships (PDFs)
Rankings
Internationally, in the 2017 and 2018 QS World Rankings by Subject, IIT Dhanbad featured at 24th and 29th respectively in the world in Engineering-Mining and Mineral Science, IIT (ISM) Dhanbad ranked 173 among
BRICS
BRICS is an acronym for five leading emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The first four were initially grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs") in 2001 by Goldman Sachs economist Jim O'Neill, who coined the ter ...
nations in the
QS World University Rankings
''QS World University Rankings'' is an annual publication of university rankings by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS). The QS system comprises three parts: the global overall ranking, the subject rankings (which name the world's top universities for the ...
of 2019,
[ 801-1000 globally by the ]Times Higher Education World University Rankings
The ''Times Higher Education World University Rankings'' (often referred to as the THE Rankings) is an annual publication of university rankings by the ''Times Higher Education'' (THE) magazine. The publisher had collaborated with Quacquarelli ...
of 2020,[ 201–250 in Asia Rankings 2020][ and 251–300 in Emerging Economies Rankings 2020.][
In India, among engineering colleges, it ranked 14 by Outlook India in 2019] and 12 by The Week
''The Week'' is a weekly news magazine with editions in the United Kingdom and United States. The British publication was founded in 1995 and the American edition in 2001. An Australian edition was published from 2008 to 2012. A children's edi ...
in 2019. It was ranked 11 among engineering colleges by the National Institutional Ranking Framework
The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) is a methodology adopted by the Ministry of Education (India), Ministry of Education, Government of India, to rank institutions of higher education in India. The Framework was approved by the ...
in 2021 in Engineering category and ranks 26 in the Overall category.
The institute was ranked 29th in NIRF
The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) is a methodology adopted by the Ministry of Education, Government of India, to rank institutions of higher education in India. The Framework was approved by the MHRD and launched by Minister o ...
for its management
Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a nonprofit organization, or a government body. It is the art and science of managing resources of the business.
Management includes the activities o ...
course floated by the Department of Management Studies in 2020.
Student life
Fests and Events
The institute hosts many fests including Srijan - The cultural fest of IIT (ISM), ''Concetto'' - The Tech-fest, ''Parakram'' - Games and sports fest, ''Basant'' - The alumni re-union, and ''Pratibimb'' - The inter departmental cultural fest. Apart from these the institute also hosts inter-house sports and cultural competitions and technical fests of various departments.
Student Gymkhana
The Students' Gymkhana (SG) gives students a role in the administrative and academic governance of the Institute and helps them develop leadership and administrative skills. SG activities subordinate to academic activities. The SG functions through the Students' Senate and its Executive wing. The Senate is the Central Representative, Legislative and Supervisory body of the students. The student body is elected through gymkhana elections held every year in the month of march.
Sports & Physical Education Centre (SPEC)
The professional world needs human force skilled in not only IQ, but also in EQ. The professional spheres require people to learn how to work as a part of a team, how to be in the company of the people who might not be complementary to your own self but working with each other to realize each other's potentials to the maximum, how to follow orders and deliver orders when time demands, how to work with your team to the end of the line. Looks like a lot to do, doesn't it? Well, we have got a straightforward solution for you to join a sports club. Welcome to our family of IIT ISM's Sports clubs!
Notable alumni
*Adarsh Srivastava
Adarsh (Devanagari: आदर्श ') is an Indian male name that denotes "an ideal".
Notable people
* Taran Adarsh, Indian film critic, journalist, editor and film trade analyst, the son of B. K. Adarsh
* Adarsh Balakrishna, Indian film act ...
, Co-founder , DeHaat
DeHaat is an Agritech company headquartered in Patna, that offers end-to-end agricultural services to the Indian farmers.
History
DeHaat was founded in 2012 by Shashank Kumar, an IIT Delhi alumnus, Shyam Sundar, IIT Kharagpur and IIM Ahmeda ...
, Agri Tech sector company
* Rabi Narayan Bastia, Padma Shri
Padma Shri (IAST: ''padma śrī''), also spelled Padma Shree, is the fourth-highest Indian honours system, civilian award of the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna, the Padma Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan. Instituted on 2 January 1954, ...
awardee, geoscientist, known for his contributions in the hydrocarbon
In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons are examples of group 14 hydrides. Hydrocarbons are generally colourless and hydrophobic, and their odors are usually weak or ex ...
explorations at Krishna Godavari Basin
* Vijay Prasad Dimri
Vijay Prasad Dimri is an Indian geophysical scientist, known for his contributions in opening up a new research area in Earth sciences by establishing a parallelism between deconvolution and Inversion (geology), inversion, the two vital geophysi ...
, Padma Shri awardee, geophysical scientist, known for his contributions in earth sciences[
* ]Harsh Gupta
Harsh Kumar Gupta (born 1942) is an Indian earth scientist and seismologist, known for his pioneering work on estimation of reservoir-induced earthquakes. He is a former vice chancellor of the Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) ...
, Padma Shri awardee, earth scientist and seismologist
* Waman Bapuji Metre
Waman ''"Dādā"'' Bapuji Metre (14 February 1906 – 21 November 1970) was the doyen of Indian petroleum geologists. He was awarded India's third-highest civilian award, the Padma Bhushan in 1968, for his contribution to petroleum exploration ...
, Padma Bhushan awardee, pioneer in the Indian oil industry
* Shyam Sundar Rai
Shyam Sundar Rai (born 1954, Chandauli, U.P) is an Indian seismologist and a former chair professor (now an emeritus professor) at the department of Earth and Climate Science of the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune. He is ...
, seismologist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
* T. C. Rao, Father of Indian Mineral Processing, Founding HOD, Fuel, Mineral and Metallurgical Department (FMME), IIT(ISM) Dhanbad
* Gulshan Lal Tandon
Gulshan Lal Tandon was a pioneer in the Indian Mining Industry, the former Chairman of Coal India Limited who played a major role in establishment of Coal India. Mr. Tandon received Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour, in 198 ...
, Padma Bhushan awardee, a pioneer in the Indian Mining Industry and former CMD of Coal India.
See also
* Indian Institutes of Technology
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are central government owned public technical institutes located across India. They are under the ownership of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India. They are governed by the Instit ...
References
External links
*