Index Seminum meaning in

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

"seed index", is a

catalog Catalog or catalogue may refer to: *Cataloging **'emmy on the 'og **in science and technology ***Library catalog, a catalog of books and other media ****Union catalog, a combined library catalog describing the collections of a number of libraries ...

seed A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering, along with a food reserve. The formation of the seed is a part of the process of reproduction in seed plants, the spermatophytes, including the gymnosperm and angiospe ...

s of wild or cultivated plants offered free of charge or in exchange of seeds of equivalent value by

botanical gardens A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms ''botanic'' and ''botanical'' and ''garden'' or ''gardens'' are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word ''botanic'' is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens, an ...

arboretum An arboretum (plural: arboreta) in a general sense is a botanical collection composed exclusively of trees of a variety of species. Originally mostly created as a section in a larger garden or park for specimens of mostly non-local species, man ...

s. It is published annually or biennially by these institutions, traditionally in A5 format (148 × 210 mm). Seeds presented in Index Seminum are readily available and kept in

seed bank A seed bank (also seed banks or seeds bank) stores seeds to preserve genetic diversity; hence it is a type of gene bank. There are many reasons to store seeds. One is to preserve the genes that plant breeders need to increase yield, disease resi ...

s. More than 1000 institutions from 48 countries publish Index Seminum with the intention of establishing a free and fair exchange. The exchange of

s and

spore In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, f ...

s constitutes one of the main ways of increasing the living collections of botanical gardens, and is also a way of obtaining material for the development of research work.

Components of an ''Index Seminum''

Generally there are several items that are included in the listings: * Complete botanical garden references, name, address, etc. * A concise but complete presentation of the botanical garden. * The general

climatology Climatology (from Greek , ''klima'', "place, zone"; and , '' -logia'') or climate science is the scientific study of Earth's climate, typically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of at least 30 years. This modern field of stud ...

of the botanical garden referred to. *

Geographical location In geography, location or place are used to denote a region (point, line, or area) on Earth's surface or elsewhere. The term ''location'' generally implies a higher degree of certainty than ''place'', the latter often indicating an entity with an ...

of the botanical garden. * A

page Page most commonly refers to: * Page (paper), one side of a leaf of paper, as in a book Page, PAGE, pages, or paging may also refer to: Roles * Page (assistance occupation), a professional occupation * Page (servant), traditionally a young m ...

of information explaining useful services related to the operation of the activity related to seeds. * A list of the plants of the towns near the botanical garden. * Occasionally, a list of available species brought from tropical or other locations. * A

bibliography Bibliography (from and ), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from ). English author and bibliographer John Carter describes ''bibliography ...

of the

reference work A reference work is a work, such as a paper, book or periodical (or their electronic equivalents), to which one can refer for information. The information is intended to be found quickly when needed. Such works are usually ''referred'' to f ...

s. * Sometimes a list of the people dedicated to caring for the

seedbed A seedbed or seedling bed is the local soil environment in which seeds are planted. Often it comprises not only the soil but also a specially prepared cold frame, hotbed or raised bed used to grow the seedlings in a controlled environment into l ...

and exchanges is attached. The classification of plant species is made by alphabetical order of the families to which they belong, and another by

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

. The seeds collected in the botanical garden itself must have a separate classification. It is important that the origin of the seeds is well specified, clarifying whether they were collected outside or inside the botanical garden itself.

History

Tradition of collecting and exchanging seeds dates back to 18th century. In the 21st century this tradition is reexamined in the context of the conservation of

biodiversity Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic (''genetic variability''), species (''species diversity''), and ecosystem (''ecosystem diversity'') l ...

and the fight against

invasive species An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species ad ...

. In terms of

nomenclature Nomenclature (, ) is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences. The principles of naming vary from the relatively informal naming conventions, conventions of everyday speech to the i ...

, the old Index Seminum are precious because they sometimes contain the description of new species such as '' Telanthera bettzickiana'', described in 1862 by

Eduard August von Regel Eduard August von Regel (sometimes Edward von Regel or Edward de Regel or Édouard von Regel), Russian: Эдуард Август Фон Регель; (born 13 August 1815 in Gotha; died 15 April 1892 in St. Petersburg) was a German horticultural ...

in the ''Index Seminum'' of the

Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden The main Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden, officially known as the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladimir Komarov Botanical Institute's Botanical Garden of Peter the Great (russian: Ботанический сад Петра Великого Б ...

. In Spain The preparation of the catalog of the seeds available in a botanical garden is a traditional activity, which began in Spain at the beginning of the 19th century, and has remained in the same conditions to this day. In 1800

Casimiro Gómez Ortega Casimiro Gómez de Ortega (4 March 1741, in Toledo, Spain, Añover de Tajo, Spain – 30 August 1818, in Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish physician, and botanist who was the First Professor of the Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, Royal Botanical Garde ...

published the first Index SeminumGómez Ortega, Casimiro (1800), Index seminum plantarum, quae in R. Matr. H. desiderantur, anno MDCCC., Madrid: Royal Botanical Garden. 12 pp. of the

Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a c ...

. The Botanical Garden of Valencia published its first seed catalog in 1862. Every year the Ibero-Marcaronesic Network of Botanical Gardens offers the ''Index Seminum pro mutual commutatione'' of the twenty one gardens associated with this network. The Index Seminum of the University Botanical Garden of Granada in

Sierra Nevada The Sierra Nevada () is a mountain range in the Western United States, between the Central Valley of California and the Great Basin. The vast majority of the range lies in the state of California, although the Carson Range spur lies primarily ...

offers the seeds of the 1980s

Endemism Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

s of the Sierra.

References

External links

Conservation International

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

* ttp://www.unesco.org/ The World Heritage Convention

* ttp://www.cites.org/ The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna(

CITES CITES (shorter name for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of interna ...

)
Habitats and Species Directive 92/43 / EEC

The Pan-European Biodiversity and Landscape Diversity Strategy

The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance

The European Community Biodiversity Strategy

UNESCO Man and the Biosphere program (MAB)

In Spain

Bulletin of the Plants Commission of the Spanish Committee of IUCN

Conservation within the Community
{{Improve categories, date=April 2020 Botanical gardens