The Independents were a group of

modernist Modernism is both a philosophical and arts movement that arose from broad transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement reflected a desire for the creation of new forms of art, philosophy, an ...

painters Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and ai ...

based in the New Hope,

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

, area of the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

during the early 1930s. They evolved out of The New Group (founded in 1930), a collection of artists dissatisfied with the hold that "conservative" Pennsylvania Impressionists had on local exhibitions. Members of the Independents included Peter Keenan,

Robert Hogue The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...

, R.A.D. Miller, Charles Evans, Henry Baker,

Ralston Crawford Ralston Crawford (1906–1978) was an American abstract painter, lithographer, and photographer. Early life He was born on September 5, 1906, in St. Catharines, Ontario, and spent his childhood in Buffalo, New York. He studied art beginning in ...

, Charles Frederic Ramsey, and

Faye Swengel Badura __NOTOC__ Faye may refer to: Places * Faye, Loir-et-Cher, France, a village * Faye-d'Anjou, France, a village * La Faye, France, a village * Faye, Kentucky, Elliott County, Kentucky, United States * Faye (crater), a lunar impact crater in the sout ...

References

The Pennsylvania Impressionists
Modern art American artist groups and collectives Cultural history of the United States Arts organizations based in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania culture {{US-arts-org-stub