The

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

used anthems since its foundation in the late 13th century, but did not use a specific imperial or

national anthem A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. American, Central Asian, and Europea ...

until the 19th century. During the reign of

Mahmud II Mahmud II ( ota, محمود ثانى, Maḥmûd-u s̠ânî, tr, II. Mahmud; 20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839. His reign is recognized for the extensive administrative, ...

, when the military and imperial band were re-organized along Western European lines,

Giuseppe Donizetti Giuseppe Donizetti (6 November 1788 – 12 February 1856), also known as Donizetti Pasha, was an Italian musician. From 1828 he was Instructor General of the Imperial Ottoman Music at the court of Sultan Mahmud II (1808–39). His younger broth ...

was invited to head the process. Donizetti Pasha, as he was known in the Ottoman Empire, composed the first Western European-style imperial anthem, the ''Mahmudiye Marşı''. As was the case in many 19th-century monarchies, such as the

Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central-Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence ...

, the anthem of the Ottoman Empire was an imperial anthem, not a national one, so it paid homage to a specific ruler. However, unlike Western Europe, where the same music was used with modified lyrics (e.g.

Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser "" (; ) was a personal anthem to Francis II, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and later of the Austrian Empire, with lyrics by Lorenz Leopold Haschka (1749–1827) and music by Joseph Haydn. It is sometimes called the "Kaiserhymne" (; Emperor's ...

and

Marche Henri IV "Marche Henri IV", alternatively "Vive Henri IV" or "Vive le roi Henri", is a popular French song celebrating King Henry IV of France (also known as ''Le Bon Roi Henri'', "Good King Henry"). The melody was heard of as early as 1581, when it wa ...

), a new anthem was composed after each Ottoman imperial succession. In 1844, as part of the

Tanzimat reforms The Tanzimat (; ota, تنظيمات, translit=Tanzimāt, lit=Reorganization, ''see'' nizām) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerif in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876. ...

, the ''Mecidiye Marşı'' was declared as the first official Ottoman national anthem. The first official Ottoman national flag (which was in essence identical to the present-day Turkish flag) was also adopted in 1844. Necip pasha

* Mahmudiye Marşı, ''March of Mahmud'' – for

(1829–1839, 1918–1922), by

* Mecidiye Marşı, ''March of Mecid'' – for

Abdulmejid I Abdulmejid I ( ota, عبد المجيد اول, ʿAbdü'l-Mecîd-i evvel, tr, I. Abdülmecid; 25 April 182325 June 1861) was the 31st Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and succeeded his father Mahmud II on 2 July 1839. His reign was notable for the r ...

(1839–1861), by

* Aziziye Marşı, ''March of Aziz'' – for Abdülaziz (1861–1876), by

Callisto Guatelli Callisto most commonly refers to: *Callisto (mythology), a nymph *Callisto (moon), a moon of Jupiter Callisto may also refer to: Art and entertainment *'' Callisto series'', a sequence of novels by Lin Carter *''Callisto'', a novel by Torsten K ...

* Hamidiye Marşı, ''March of Hamid'' – for Abdul Hamid II (1876–1909), by Necip Paşa *

Reşadiye Marşı The Reşadiye Marşı ( eng, March of Reşad) was the imperial anthem of the Ottoman Empire from 1909 to 1918. Upon the commencement of Sultan Mehmed V Reşad's reign in 1909, a competition was declared to compose a personal march for the new su ...

, ''March of Reşad'' – for

Mehmed V Mehmed V Reşâd ( ota, محمد خامس, Meḥmed-i ḫâmis; tr, V. Mehmed or ; 2 November 1844 – 3 July 1918) reigned as the 35th and penultimate Ottoman Sultan (). He was the son of Sultan Abdulmejid I. He succeeded his half-brother ...

(1909–1918), by

Italo Selvelli Italo Selvelli (10 November 1863 – 11 May 1918) was an Italian composer, pianist and orchestra director, who lived and worked in Constantinople during the last decades of the Ottoman Empire. Biography Italo Giovanni Selvelli was born in C ...

After the start of the imperial anthem tradition, two Sultans did not have specific anthems composed. The first was

Murad V Murad V ( ota, مراد خامس, translit=Murâd-ı ḫâmis; tr, V. Murad; 21 September 1840 – 29 August 1904) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire who reigned from 30 May to 31 August 1876. The son of Abdulmejid I, he supported the ...

, who reigned for 3 months in 1876, and the second was the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI, who used the ''Mahmudiye Marşı'' anthem. Only the ''Hamidiye Marşı'' and ''Reşadiye Marşı'' had lyrics, the first three anthems being purely instrumental. The lyrics of the ''Reşadiye Marşı'' seem to have been lost to history.

Lyrics

Hamidiye Marşı Ey velîni'met-i âlem şehinşâh-ı cihan
Taht-ı âlî baht-ı Osmaniye verdin izz ü şan
Sâye-i lûtf-i hümayûnunla âlem kâm-ran
Saltanatta çok zaman Sultan Hamid zevk et heman
Çok yaşa ey padişahım devletinle çok yaşa
Çok yaşa ey padişahım şevketinle çok yaşa

References

External links

Music Sheet of the Ottoman National March
– Page 1
Music Sheet of the Ottoman National March
– Page 2 {{National anthems of Asia Ottoman culture Government of the Ottoman Empire Historical national anthems National symbols of Turkey Royal anthems Asian anthems European anthems African anthems

Lyrics

See also

References

External links