![Reichtagsmuseum Regensburg Reichssaal mit Kaiserthron 20160930](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Reichtagsmuseum_Regensburg_Reichssaal_mit_Kaiserthron_20160930.jpg)
The Perpetual Diet of Regensburg
or the Eternal Diet of Regensburg,
(german: Immerwährender Reichstag) also commonly called in English the perpetual Diet of Ratisbon,
[Jean Berenger, C.A. Simpson, ''The Habsburg Empire 1700-1918'' (2014), p. 134] from the city’s
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
name, was a session of the
Imperial Diet (''Reichstag'') of the
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a Polity, political entity in Western Europe, Western, Central Europe, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution i ...
that sat continuously from 1663 to 1806 in
Regensburg
Regensburg or is a city in eastern Bavaria, at the confluence of the Danube, Naab and Regen rivers. It is capital of the Upper Palatinate subregion of the state in the south of Germany. With more than 150,000 inhabitants, Regensburg is the f ...
in present-day
Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
.
__NOTOC__
Previously, the Diet had been convened in different cities but, beginning in 1594, it met only in the town hall in Regensburg. On 20 January 1663, the Diet convened to deal with threats from the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
(the Turkish Question).
Since the
Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia (german: Westfälischer Friede, ) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought pea ...
in 1648, the
Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans ( la, Imperator Romanorum, german: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period ( la, Imperat ...
had been formally bound to accept all decisions made by the Diet. Hence, out of fear that the Emperor would disregard the Diet's role by not calling sessions,
it never dissolved and became a perpetual diet. Therefore, no final report of its decisions, known as a
Recess, could be issued, and that of the preceding diet, issued in 1654, was dubbed the .
From 1663 until the 1684
Truce of Ratisbon
The Truce of Ratisbon, or Truce of Regensburg, concluded the War of the Reunions, fought by France against Spain and the Holy Roman Empire. The Truce was signed on 15 August 1684 at the Dominican convent in Ratisbon (now in Bavaria) between Louis ...
(a former name of Regensburg in English), the diet gradually developed into a permanent body.
In addition to envoys who represented the
Imperial Estate
An Imperial State or Imperial Estate ( la, Status Imperii; german: Reichsstand, plural: ') was a part of the Holy Roman Empire with representation and the right to vote in the Imperial Diet ('). Rulers of these Estates were able to exercise si ...
s in the Diet, Regensburg had around 70 representatives (''Komitialgesandtern'' or ''Comitia'') from foreign states. The Emperor was represented by a Principal Commissioner (''Prinzipalkommissar''), a position that accrued to the
Thurn und Taxis
The Princely House of Thurn and Taxis (german: link=no, Fürstenhaus Thurn und Taxis ) is a family of German nobility that is part of the ''Briefadel''. It was a key player in the postal services in Europe during the 16th century, until the end ...
family from 1748.
In its early years, the Perpetual Diet was a tool for consolidation of
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...
power in the empire.
However, by the middle of the 18th century, it was largely "dysfunctional"
and a "mere congress of diplomats"
that produced "no important legislation in political and constitutional matters".
The weak institution has been called "a bladeless knife without a handle",
and, during the Diet's existence, the Empire increasingly became nothing more than a collection of largely independent states.
The last action of the Diet, on 25 March 1803, was the passage of the
German Mediatisation
German mediatisation (; german: deutsche Mediatisierung) was the major territorial restructuring that took place between 1802 and 1814 in Germany and the surrounding region by means of the mass mediatisation and secularisation of a large number ...
, which reorganized and secularized the Empire.
Following the approval of that final constitutional document, the Diet never met again and its existence ended with the
dissolution of the Empire in 1806.
List of imperial principal commissioners
See also
*
List of Reichstag participants (1792)
The Holy Roman Empire was a highly decentralized state for most of its history, composed of hundreds of smaller states, most of which operated with some degree of independent sovereignty. Although in the earlier part of the Middle Ages, under the S ...
Notes
References
External links
*
{{Authority control
Regensburg
Regensburg
Regensburg or is a city in eastern Bavaria, at the confluence of the Danube, Naab and Regen rivers. It is capital of the Upper Palatinate subregion of the state in the south of Germany. With more than 150,000 inhabitants, Regensburg is the f ...
17th century in the Holy Roman Empire
18th century in the Holy Roman Empire
1663 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1806 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire