![Il-114-100 aircraft](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Il-114-100_aircraft.JPG)
The Ilyushin Il-114 (
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
Илью́шин Ил-114) is a Russian twin-engine
turboprop
A turboprop is a turbine engine that drives an aircraft propeller.
A turboprop consists of an intake, reduction gearbox, compressor, combustor, turbine, and a propelling nozzle. Air enters the intake and is compressed by the compressor. Fuel ...
airliner, designed for local routes. Intended to replace the
Antonov An-24
The Antonov An-24 (Russian/Ukrainian: Антонов Ан-24) (NATO reporting name: Coke) is a 44-seat twin turboprop transport/passenger aircraft designed in 1957 in the Soviet Union by the Antonov Design Bureau and manufactured by Kyiv, Irku ...
, it first flew in 1990. A total of 20 Il-114s have been built.
Production of the Il-114 was temporarily suspended in July 2012, with the sixth and last aircraft delivered to
Uzbekistan Airlines
JSC Uzbekistan Airways, operating as ''Uzbekistan Airways'' ( uz, Oʻzbekiston Havo Yoʻllari, ; russian: Узбекские Авиалинии), is the flag carrier airline of Uzbekistan, headquartered in Tashkent. From its hub at Islam Kari ...
on 24 May 2013. In 2016, the company stated that production would be restarted with all-Russian parts, with a new first flight in 2019 and the first aircraft in commercial service in 2021. The decision to end production adheres to the
Uzbek government's decision to convert the
Tashkent
Tashkent (, uz, Toshkent, Тошкент/, ) (from russian: Ташкент), or Toshkent (; ), also historically known as Chach is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan. It is the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population of ...
factory to other production lines (namely structural units, household purpose products, spare parts for cars and agricultural equipment), despite Russian interest in keeping the production line and a reportedly high demand prospect for the aircraft. This has translated in an October 2013 announcement by a plant representative, that production is to be resumed after the factory solved financial matters and also due to the interest of a "Russian party".
Design and development
In June 1986, the
Ilyushin
The public joint stock company Ilyushin Aviation Complex, operating as Ilyushin (russian: Илью́шин) or as Ilyushin Design Bureau, is a former Soviet and now a Russian aircraft manufacturer and design bureau, founded in 1933 by Sergey Vl ...
OKB
OKB is a transliteration of the Russian initials of "" – , meaning 'experiment and design bureau'. During the Soviet era, OKBs were closed institutions working on design and prototyping of advanced technology, usually for military applications. ...
began work on a replacement for the
Antonov An-24
The Antonov An-24 (Russian/Ukrainian: Антонов Ан-24) (NATO reporting name: Coke) is a 44-seat twin turboprop transport/passenger aircraft designed in 1957 in the Soviet Union by the Antonov Design Bureau and manufactured by Kyiv, Irku ...
, large numbers of which remained in service with
Aeroflot
PJSC AeroflotRussian Airlines (russian: ПАО "Аэрофло́т — Росси́йские авиали́нии", ), commonly known as Aeroflot ( or ; russian: Аэрофлот, , ), is the flag carrier and the largest airline of Russia. The ...
. The
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...
Ministry of the Aviation Industry set down requirements for the An-24 replacement, including the ability to carry 60 passengers over a range of at a speed of , while using much less fuel than its predecessor and retaining the ability to operate out of poorly equipped airfields with unpaved runways.
[Postlethwaite 1990, pp. 100–101.][Duffy 1997, pp. 242–243.][Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2004, p. 352.] Development of the new aircraft was expected to be relatively simple, with the first flight programmed to take place in 1989, with service entry in 1992.
Ilyushin's design, the Il-114, is a low-wing, twin-
turboprop
A turboprop is a turbine engine that drives an aircraft propeller.
A turboprop consists of an intake, reduction gearbox, compressor, combustor, turbine, and a propelling nozzle. Air enters the intake and is compressed by the compressor. Fuel ...
monoplane
A monoplane is a fixed-wing aircraft configuration with a single mainplane, in contrast to a biplane or other types of multiplanes, which have multiple planes.
A monoplane has inherently the highest efficiency and lowest drag of any wing confi ...
, with an airframe constructed mainly of metal, with composite materials used for non-structural parts. The aircraft is powered by two
Klimov TV7-117S turboprop engines, driving six-bladed propellers. The undercarriage is a retractable
nosewheel undercarriage, while double-slotted
trailing edge flaps are fitted to the wings.
[Postlethwaite 1989, p. 30.] Unlike previous Soviet airliners, which had a large flight crew, the Il-114 is flown by a crew of two, who are provided with
electronic flight instruments.
[Postlethwaite 1990, p. 104.] Up to 64 passengers are accommodated in the aircraft's cabin, with passengers' baggage carried in compartments at the front and rear of the cabin, rather than under the cabin floor.
[Postlethwaite 1990, p. 107.]
The first prototype made its maiden flight from
Zhukovsky Airfield
Zhukovsky , formerly (and still occasionally) known as Ramenskoye (russian: link=no, аэропорт Жуковский, аэродром Раменское) is an international airport, located in Moscow Oblast, Russia, southeast of central Mo ...
on 29 March 1990.
[Jackson 2003, p. 368.] Development was slowed by technical problems (including delays with the TV7-117 engines), and by organisational and financial problems associated with the
breakup of the Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union, also negatively connoted as rus, Разва́л Сове́тского Сою́за, r=Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''. was the process of internal disintegration within the Sov ...
, with the Il-114 to be built at the
Tashkent Aviation Production Association
, type = Open joint-stock company
, location =
, industry =
, founded =
, founder =
, fate = Taken over in 2015
, hq_location_city = Tashkent
, hq_location_country = Uzbekistan
, area_served = Asia
, key_people = Isok ...
in soon-to-be independent
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Ozbekiston Respublikasi, italic=yes / ; russian: Республика Узбекистан), is a doubly landlocked cou ...
. The second prototype did not fly until 24 December 1991. This second prototype crashed, killing seven of nine people aboard, on 5 July 1993, causing the Russian government to withdraw funding from the Il-114, although the OKB continued development with its own money.
[Duffy 1997, p. 243.][Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2004, pp. 354–355.] The Il-114 finally received
airworthiness certification on 26 April 1997.
[Duffy 1997, p. 244.]
Operational history
![Ilyushin Il-114](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Ilyushin_Il-114.jpg)
Since
Vyborg
Vyborg (; rus, Вы́борг, links=1, r=Výborg, p=ˈvɨbərk; fi, Viipuri ; sv, Viborg ; german: Wiborg ) is a town in, and the administrative center of, Vyborgsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Karelian Isthmus ne ...
was forced to shut down in July 2010,
Uzbekistan Airways
JSC Uzbekistan Airways, operating as ''Uzbekistan Airways'' ( uz, Oʻzbekiston Havo Yoʻllari, ; russian: Узбекские Авиалинии), is the flag carrier airline of Uzbekistan, headquartered in Tashkent. From its hub at Islam Kari ...
was the sole operator of the type until May 2018.
As of May 2018, no further orders had been placed for the Ilyushin 114.
In the winter of 2013-2014 the aircraft was scheduled for the following routes:
* Together with the
Airbus A320
The Airbus A320 family is a series of narrow-body airliners developed and produced by Airbus.
The A320 was launched in March 1984, first flew on 22 February 1987, and was introduced in April 1988 by Air France.
The first member of the famil ...
for flights between
Tashkent
Tashkent (, uz, Toshkent, Тошкент/, ) (from russian: Ташкент), or Toshkent (; ), also historically known as Chach is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan. It is the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population of ...
and
Karshi
Qarshi ( uz, Qarshi/Қарши, ; fa, نخشب ''Nakhshab'') is a city in southern Uzbekistan. It is the capital of Qashqadaryo Region. Administratively, Qarshi is a district-level city, that includes the urban-type settlement Qashqadaryo. It ...
,
Navoi
Navoiy (), also spelled Navoi, is a city and the capital of Navoiy Region in the southwestern part of Uzbekistan. Administratively, it is a district-level city, that includes the urban-type settlement Tinchlik. It is located at latitude 40° 5' 4 ...
,
Nukus
Nukus ( kaa, Nókis / ; uz, Nukus / ; kk, Нүкіс / ) is the sixth-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of the autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan. The population of Nukus as of January 1, 2022 was 329,100. The Amu Darya river passe ...
as well as
Urgench
Urgench ( uz, Urganch//, ; russian: Ургенч, Urgench; fa, گرگانج, ''Gorgånch/Gorgānč/Gorgânc/Gurganj'') is a district-level city in western Uzbekistan. It is the capital of Xorazm Region. The estimated population of Urgench in ...
.
* Together with the
Boeing 757
The Boeing 757 is an American narrow-body airliner designed and built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes.
The then-named 7N7, a twinjet successor for the 727 (a trijet), received its first orders in August 1978.
The prototype completed its mai ...
for flights between Tashkent and
Termez
Termez ( uz, Termiz/Термиз; fa, ترمذ ''Termez, Tirmiz''; ar, ترمذ ''Tirmidh''; russian: Термез; Ancient Greek: ''Tàrmita'', ''Thàrmis'', ) is the capital of Surxondaryo Region in southern Uzbekistan. Administratively, it is ...
.
* Together with the Airbus A320 and the Boeing 757 for flights between Tashkent and
Bukhara
Bukhara (Uzbek language, Uzbek: /, ; tg, Бухоро, ) is the List of cities in Uzbekistan, seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan, with a population of 280,187 , and the capital of Bukhara Region.
People have inhabited the region around Bukhara ...
Though the aircraft is not scheduled for other flights, following ad hoc changes it is also (though rarely) flown to other destinations in Uzbekistan. This also includes international connections: though these are no longer scheduled for the Ilyushin 114, the aircraft is sometimes used ad hoc on flights between Tashkent and
Ashgabad
Ashgabat or Asgabat ( tk, Aşgabat, ; fa, عشقآباد, translit='Ešqābād, formerly named Poltoratsk ( rus, Полтора́цк, p=pəltɐˈratsk) between 1919 and 1927), is the capital and the largest city of Turkmenistan. It lies ...
as well as
Bishkek
Bishkek ( ky, Бишкек), ), formerly Pishpek and Frunze, is the capital and largest city of Kyrgyzstan. Bishkek is also the administrative centre of the Chüy Region. The region surrounds the city, although the city itself is not part of ...
. Uzbekistan Airways frequently changed aircraft prior to flights in order to allow for optimal usage of aircraft space in relation to actual demand.
From 2005, an Il-114 was converted into a flying testbed by Agat and Radar-MMS. With a capability to loiter for 14 hours, Agat and Radar-MMS have turned it into an advanced-technology MPA demonstrator. Il-114 RA93001 aircraft demonstrated the transmission of telemetry and targeting data in real time using a wide-band secure datalink using the Kasatka rescue and targeting complex during IMDS’2015 maritime show. This Il-114 has a FLIR under the nose, a magnetometer in the tail section, a semi-automatic sonobuoy dispenser, and two pylons under the fuselage for sensor pods or Kh-35 anti-ship missiles. On the right side of the fuselage, a GSh-2-23 twin-barrel 23-mm rapid fire cannon pod can be installed, with conformal metric-band antennas on both sides. This aircraft has two radars, one (KS-9) working in metric waveband (range up to 50 km) and the other (KS-1 or Zarya) in centimetric waveband (range 300 km). An additional antenna is in an underbelly dome for 360-degree coverage.
After the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2014, Russia is looking to modernize the Il-114. It will replace the Ukraine-made An-140T that was selected before, to refresh the Russia Air Force's medium transport aircraft fleet of An-26s and An-72s. Ilyushin is also offering the Maritime Patrol version of the aircraft to the Russian navy that can patrol for up to ten hours. It can be armed with 1.5 tons of sonobuoys and depth charges, with modern search-and-attack radar, magnetic anomaly detector and a thermal imager. The Il-114MP is intended to supplement and may then replace the ageing Il-38.
President Putin has ordered a study into resuming Ilyushin Il-114 turboprop production at the Aviakor plant in Samara, southeast of Moscow, with results of the assessment due in September 2014. Possible improvements can include updated engines and avionics, rear cargo ramp/door, structural strengthening, digitization of engineering drawings. China may be interested in the modernized Il-114.
The Russian naval service chief Maj. Gen. Igor Kozhin announced that the Russian navy is looking for “a modern and suitable universal platform” to replace the aging Il-20/Il-38 MPA fleet. Selection will be made in the period of 2015-16. A Maritime Patrol version of the Il-114 twin-turboprop airliner most likely will be a candidate. According to Georgy Antsev, general director and designer for Morinformsystem-Agat, “In my view, the Il-114 is the best choice for the Russian navy”. Companies promoting the Il-114 as an MPA include Agat, Ilyushin, Radar-MMS and others.
Il-114-300
Ilyushin Company chief designer Sergey Gromov announced that they will develop a version of the Il-114 aircraft fitted with ski and wheel landing gear for the Arctic Region. The development program will produce three Il-114 aircraft by 2020 with Gidromash/Hydromash JSC (
Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət ), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, from the 13th to the 17th century Novgorod of the Lower Land, formerly known as Gork ...
). It will be designated Il-114-300 and will be produced using only Russian-produced components. Four versions of Il-114-300 would be developed including a passenger version by 2019; Cargo and Arctic versions derived from the passenger version, and a Maritime Patrol Aircraft, whose prototype was showcased at Army-2015 forum.
Russia's United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) expected that the Russian government would decide later on in 2015 whether to allow the state-backed aerospace group to build a new 50-to-70-seat passenger version of the Ilyushin Il-114. At Moscow's MAKS airshow on 26 August 2015, UAC president Yuri Slyusar said he favors building the new Il-114-300 model but awaits the Kremlin's endorsement.
In December 2016, Russian President Vladimir Putin stated that production of the aircraft will be at the Nizhny Novgorod plant Sokol, starting in 2019-2020. Until 2025, almost 56 billion rubles from the state budget will finance the construction of 100 Il-114 planes. However, UAC president Yury Slusar announced at the Paris Air Show on 20 June 2017 that the production site was changed to the MiG production center at
Lukhovitsy
Lukhovitsy (russian: Лухови́цы) is a town and the administrative center of Lukhovitsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Oka River southeast of Moscow. Population:
History
It was first mentioned in 1594 as the settlem ...
, close to Moscow. It is expected that the plant can produce 12-18 Ilyushin Il-114 regional aircraft per month to supply Russian airlines that will need around 60-80 turboprops with 50-60 seats over the next 10 to 15 years, said Slusar.
At the Paris Air Show in June 2017, a memorandum of understanding (MOU) between Pratt & Whitney Canada (P&WC) and Ilyushin Joint Stock Co. was signed for P&WC to provide two PW127H engines to restart the Ilyushin Il-114-100 regional turboprop aircraft program.
The
Il-112V, being developed from the Il-114 airliner, will replace Russia's aging fleet of Antonov An-26s, as the LVTS (Russian acronym for Lightweight Military-Transport Aircraft). The Ilyushin Il-112V tactical airlifter for the Russian air force was forecast to make its maiden flight in the summer of 2017, according to Yuri Slyusar, president of the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC), but it was subsequently delayed. On 9 November 2015, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin reiterated that the Ilyushin Il-114 will be produced in the
Sokol plant
Sokol Aircraft Plant (russian: Авиастроительный завод «Сокол», Aviastroitelny zavod Sokol, Sokol Aircraft-Building Plant) is a manufacturer of MiG fighters, based in Nizhny Novgorod. It was founded in 1932 and is also ...
in Nizhny Novgorod.
In July 2017, it was announced that Russia's United Aircraft Corp. (UAC) had signed a letter of intent with State Transport Leasing Co. for 50 Ilyushin Il-114-300s. Although the delivery schedule was not disclosed, the manufacturer and lessor are expected to sign a preliminary agreement on terms and conditions before the end of 2017.
In 2017, the
Kremlin
The Kremlin ( rus, Московский Кремль, r=Moskovskiy Kreml', p=ˈmɐˈskofskʲɪj krʲemlʲ, t=Moscow Kremlin) is a fortified complex in the center of Moscow founded by the Rurik dynasty, Rurik dynasty. It is the best known of th ...
injected ₽9.6 billion ($ million) into the Il-114-300 and for three years from 2018, UAC plans to invest ₽ billion ($ million) for the Il-114-300.
From February 2020, new Il-114-300 is being built, entirely from domestic parts and using new technique. Modern variant will carry 68 passengers, with a range of 2000 km.
On November 28, 2020, the renovated Il-114 had started its first ground testing at an unspecified airfield within Moscow.
The renovated Il-114 made its flight on December 16, 2020 from
Zhukovsky Airfield
Zhukovsky , formerly (and still occasionally) known as Ramenskoye (russian: link=no, аэропорт Жуковский, аэродром Раменское) is an international airport, located in Moscow Oblast, Russia, southeast of central Mo ...
, fitted with TV7-117ST-01 engines, built by
Klimov
The JSC Klimov (or Joint Stock Company Klimov) presently manufactures internationally certified gas turbine engines, main gearboxes and accessory drive gearboxes for transport aircraft.
Originally established as ''Kirill Klimov Experimental De ...
, with an improved takeoff power of and
Aerosila
SPE "Aerosila" (russian: Аэросила) is the leading Russian firm in the field of development and manufacturing of aircraft propellers, propfans, auxiliary gas-turbine engines as well as aviation aggregates of different purpose including h ...
AV-112-114
propeller
A propeller (colloquially often called a screw if on a ship or an airscrew if on an aircraft) is a device with a rotating hub and radiating blades that are set at a pitch to form a helical spiral which, when rotated, exerts linear thrust upon ...
s. On January 19, 2021 the renovated Il-114 made the second flight.
Under a plan announced in June 2022 to bring the proportion of domestically produced aircraft to 80% of the Russian fleet by the end of the decade following the
international sanctions
International sanctions are political and economic decisions that are part of diplomatic efforts by countries, multilateral or regional organizations against states or organizations either to protect national security interests, or to protect in ...
brought in after the
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides. It has caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. An ...
, around 70 Ilyushin Il-114-300s are expected to be produced by the end of the decade.
Variants
* Il-114 – The first production model with TV7-117S engines and 64 passengers
* Il-114-100 – First flown on January 26, 1999 with
PW-127H turboprops, 64 passengers.
* Il-114-300 – Truncated variant with two Klimov TV7-117SM engine. Fuselage is shorter, carrying between 52 - 68 passengers.
* Il-114T – Cargo transport version, first flown on September 14, 1996.
Delivered to Zhukovski for certification tests in March 2001. Two aircraft have been built by April 2001. Eight airframes were sitting at the TAPO plant as of May 2013.
* Il-114P – Maritime patrol version.
* Il-114MP – Maritime patrol/strike version.
* Il-114LL – Flying laboratory
* Il-114FK – Military reconnaissance, elint, photo builder or cartographic map version.
* Il-114PR – SIGINT/AEW
* Il-140 – AWACS
* Il-140M – maritime patrol, ecological monitoring, search and rescue.
* Il-140M Agat - Radar-MMS testbed - advanced-technology MPA demonstrator
Operators
Current:
;
*
Ilyushin Design Bureau
The public joint stock company Ilyushin Aviation Complex, operating as Ilyushin (russian: Илью́шин) or as Ilyushin Design Bureau, is a former Soviet and now a Russian aircraft manufacturer and design bureau, founded in 1933 by Sergey Vl ...
Orders:
*
KrasAvia
KrasAvia is a scheduled and charter passenger airline based in Krasnoyarsk, Russia. It was established in 1956 as Turin Airline before being renamed Evenkia Avia in 2002 and KrasAvia in 2007. It is Russia's largest regional carrier, with a flee ...
*
Polar Airlines
Polar Airlines (russian: Полярные авиалинии, ''Poljarnýe avialinii'') is an airline based in Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia. It operates scheduled and charter passenger and cargo services. In 2020, it became part of Russia's ...
Former:
;
*
Vyborg Airlines (2)
;
*
Uzbekistan Airways
JSC Uzbekistan Airways, operating as ''Uzbekistan Airways'' ( uz, Oʻzbekiston Havo Yoʻllari, ; russian: Узбекские Авиалинии), is the flag carrier airline of Uzbekistan, headquartered in Tashkent. From its hub at Islam Kari ...
(6)
Specifications (Il-114)
Accidents
* On July 5, 1993, a test example of Ilyushin Il-114 suffered a crash during testing at
Ramenskoye Airport
Zhukovsky , formerly (and still occasionally) known as Ramenskoye (russian: link=no, аэропорт Жуковский, аэродром Раменское) is an international airport, located in Moscow Oblast, Russia, southeast of central Mo ...
, due to crew error when pre-takeoff engine run-up protocol was not followed and both engines stalled on throttle-back during climbout. 5 of 9 crewmembers were killed.
* On December 5, 1999, a cargo version of the Ilyushin Il-114 suffered a crash during testing at
Domodedovo Airport
Domodedovo Airport ( rus, links=no, Домодедово аэропорт, p=dəmɐˈdʲɛdəvə) ( IATA: DME, ICAO: UUDD), formally Domodedovo Mikhail Lomonosov International Airport, is an international airport serving Moscow, the capital of ...
, killing five and injuring two.
See also
References
Sources
*
*
*
*
*
External links
Ilyushin HP(Il-114)Ilyushin HP(Il-114-100)Ilyushin HP(Il-114-300)Il-114 production listIl-114 at Aviation Safety Network2 accidents.
{{Ilyushin aircraft
Il-114
1990s Soviet and Russian airliners
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1990
Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft