Ignacy Erazm Działyński (1754–1797) was a Polish nobleman ( szlachcic) of

Ogończyk coat of arms Ogończyk is a Polish heraldry, Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. History Although the coat of arms was f ...

and a military

officer An officer is a person who has a position of authority in a hierarchical organization. The term derives from Old French ''oficier'' "officer, official" (early 14c., Modern French ''officier''), from Medieval Latin ''officiarius'' "an officer," f ...

, known for his participation in the Warsaw Uprising of 1794.

Biography

Born in 1754 in Konarzewo near

Poznań Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint Joh ...

, he was the son of the Voivode of Kalisz Augustyn Radomiecki and his wife Anna. Orphaned early by his father, he was raised by his father-in-law, Great Lithuanian Marshal Władysaw Gótowski. Educated in the Jesuit school in Poznań and the Collegium Nobilium in

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...

, in 1784 he married Szczęsna Woroniczówna, daughter of a Spaniard of Bełsk and owner of much land in

Wołyń Volhynia (also spelled Volynia) ( ; uk, Воли́нь, Volyn' pl, Wołyń, russian: Волы́нь, Volýnʹ, ), is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between south-eastern Poland, south-western Belarus, and western Ukraine. The ...

. In 1780 he joined the

Polish Army The Land Forces () are the land forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 62,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stre ...

with the rank of

Rotmistrz __NOTOC__ (German and Scandinavian for "riding master" or "cavalry master") is or was a military rank of a commissioned cavalry officer in the armies of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Scandinavia, and some other countries. A ''Rittmeister'' is typic ...

of Cavalry. On 23 December 1788 he bought from general Aleksander Mycielski the rank of

General A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED ...

and the command of

10th Regiment of Foot 1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1 ...

. That regiment, known as the 'Radzyński Regiment' (of the

Ordynacja In English common law, fee tail or entail is a form of trust established by deed or settlement which restricts the sale or inheritance of an estate in real property and prevents the property from being sold, devised by will, or otherwise ali ...

Rydzyńska) under his command became known as 'Działyński Regiment'. He was a deputy for the famous

Sejm Wielki The Great Sejm, also known as the Four-Year Sejm (Polish: ''Sejm Wielki'' or ''Sejm Czteroletni''; Lithuanian: ''Didysis seimas'' or ''Ketverių metų seimas'') was a Sejm (parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that was held in Wars ...

, where together with

Jan Kiliński Jan Kiliński (1760 in Trzemeszno - 28 January 1819 in Warsaw) was a Polish soldier and one of the commanders of the Kościuszko Uprising. A shoemaker by trade, he commanded the Warsaw Uprising of 1794 against the Russian garrison stationed in W ...

he was one of the leaders of the 'moderate' faction, supporting the King Stanisław August Poniatowski,

Polish Constitution The current Constitution of Poland was founded on 2 April 1997. Formally known as the Constitution of the Republic of Poland ( pl, Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), it replaced the Small Constitution of 1992, the last amended version of ...

of 3 May 1791, and advocating strengthening of the army, enfranchisement of the burghers and alliance with

Revolutionary France The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...

. The following year together with his regiment he took part in the ill-fated

War in Defense of the Constitution War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular ...

( Battle of Swisłocz, Battle of Zelwa on 4 July, Battle of Izabelin on 5 July, Battle of Piaski, Battle of Granne and Battle of Krzemień on 24 July). Together with his unit he took a leading role in the Warsaw Uprising of 1794 during the early stages of the Kościuszko Uprising (17–19 April). Later he fought in the Battle of Biała, Battle of Nowe Miasto on 3 May, Battle of Chełm on 8 June, Battle of Kurów, Battle of Gołków on 9 July, Battle for Warsaw-Wola on 27 July and 28 August and the

Battle of Maciejowice The Battle of Maciejowice was fought on 10 October 1794, between Poland and the Russian Empire. The Poles were led by Tadeusz Kościuszko. Kościuszko with 6,200 men, who planned to prevent the linking of three larger Russian corps, commanded b ...

on 10 October. He was preparing for the Uprising since 1793, and he continued his opposition to the Russians invasion and partitions of Poland by organising resistance in Wołyń until he was arrested in 1794 and sentenced to exile to Berezowo in

Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive region, geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a ...

. Freemason

Received Order of the White Eagle (1791) and Order of Saint Stanislaus.

References

Battles of the Polish 10th Regiment on Foot
1754 births 1797 deaths Polish Army officers 18th-century Polish nobility Kościuszko insurgents People of the Polish–Russian War of 1792 Polish exiles in the Russian Empire Generals of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Ignacy 18th-century Polish–Lithuanian military personnel {{Poland-mil-bio-stub