Abū Marwān ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Ḥabīb al-Sulami () (180–238
AH) (796–853 AD) also known as Ibn Habib, was an Andalusi
Arab
The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
polymath
A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific pro ...
of the 9th century. His interests include medicine,
fiqh
''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh.
The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and ...
, history, grammar, genealogy and was reportedly the first to write a book on medicine in
al-Andalus
Al-Andalus DIN 31635, translit. ; an, al-Andalus; ast, al-Ándalus; eu, al-Andalus; ber, ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, label=Berber languages, Berber, translit=Andalus; ca, al-Àndalus; gl, al-Andalus; oc, Al Andalús; pt, al-Ândalus; es, ...
. By virtue of his exceptional knowledge he became known as ''the scholar of Spain''.
Biography
Ibn Habib was born in Hisn Wāt (identified with modern-day town of
Huetor Vega) a village near the city of
Granada
Granada (,, DIN 31635, DIN: ; grc, Ἐλιβύργη, Elibýrgē; la, Illiberis or . ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the fo ...
in the year 790. He claimed descent from the Arab tribe of
Banu Sulaym
The Banu Sulaym ( ar, بنو سليم) is an Arab tribe that dominated part of the Hejaz in the pre-Islamic era. They maintained close ties with the Quraysh of Mecca and the inhabitants of Medina, and fought in a number of battles against the Is ...
, hence he took the ''
nisba
The Arabic language, Arabic word nisba (; also transcribed as ''nisbah'' or ''nisbat'') may refer to:
* Arabic nouns and adjectives#Nisba, Nisba, a suffix used to form adjectives in Arabic grammar, or the adjective resulting from this formation
**c ...
al-Sulami''.
His father was ''attar'' (; 'druggist or perfumer'), likewise, Ibn Habib worked as a druggist alongside his father.
He first studied in
Elvira
Elvira is a female given name. First recorded in medieval Spain, it is likely of Germanic (Gothic) origin.
Elvira may refer to:
People Nobility
* Elvira Menéndez (died 921), daughter of Hermenegildo Gutiérrez and wife of Ordoño II of Leó ...
and then moved to continue his studies in the city of
Cordoba, which at the time, was the capital of the Umayyad
Emirate of Cordoba
An emirate is a territory ruled by an emir, a title used by monarchs or high officeholders in the Muslim world. From a historical point of view, an emirate is a political-religious unit smaller than a caliphate. It can be considered equivalen ...
.
In the year 822/3, Ibn Habib went on to perform the Hajj to Mecca with the financial support of his father. After performing the pilgrimage he stayed to study the Maliki school of fiqh in
Medina
Medina,, ', "the radiant city"; or , ', (), "the city" officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (, , Turkish: Medine-i Münevvere) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (, ), is the Holiest sites in Islam, second-holiest city in Islam, ...
and Egypt,
there he studied under Ibn Abd al-Hakam and Abdallāh ibn al-Mubarak. Ibn Habib died after an illness in 853
and was buried in the Umm Salama cemetery in Cordoba. He left two sons: Muhammad and Ubaid Allah and an unnamed daughter.
Works
* al-Wadiha (; Compendium of Maliki Law)
* Gharib al-hadith ()
* ''Tafsīr al-Muwaṭṭaʾ'' (; Explanation of the Muwatta')
* ''Hurub al-Islam'' (; ''Wars of Islam'')
* Adab al-Nisa' (; ''Women Ethics'')
* ''As-Samāʿ'' (; ''The Sky'')
* ''Tabaqat al-Fuqaha' wa Tabi'in'' ('; ''Classes of the Fuqaha and Tabi'un'')
* ''Al-Taʾrīkh'' (; ''Chronicles'')
* ''As-Samāʿ'' (; ''The Sky'')
* ''Kitāb al-Waraʿ'' (; ''Book of Piety'')
* ''Waṣf al-Firdaws'' (; ''Description of Heaven'')
* ''Mukhtaṣar fī al-ṭibb'' (; ''Compendium on Medicine'')
See also
*
List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars
This is a list of Arab scientists and scholars from the Muslim World, including Al-Andalus (Spain), who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, consisting primarily of scholars during the Middle Ages. For a list of contem ...
*
Medicine in the medieval Islamic world
In the history of medicine, "Islamic medicine" is the science of medicine developed in the Middle East, and usually written in Arabic, the ''lingua franca'' of Islamic civilization.
Islamic medicine adopted, systematized and developed the medi ...
References
{{Authority control
796 births
853 deaths
9th-century Arabs
People of the Emirate of Córdoba
9th-century Al-Andalus historians
9th-century physicians
Maliki fiqh scholars
People from the Province of Granada