The ''Movimiento Ibérico de Liberación'' (MIL, sometimes known as 1000) was a Catalan left-wing political and urban guerrilla organisationPolitical Terrorism - A new guide to actors, authors, concepts, data bases, theories & literature by Alex P. Schmid and Albert J. Jongman page 662 between 1971 and 1973, based mainly in Barcelona, Spain, and in Toulouse, France. It became famous after its dissolving because of the execution by the

Francoist State Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spa ...

of one of its members,

Salvador Puig Antich Salvador Puig Antich (; 30 May 1948 – 2 March 1974) was a Spanish militant anarchist from Catalonia. His execution for involvement in a bank robbery and shooting a police officer dead became a ''cause célèbre'' in Francoist Spain for Cata ...

, in March 1974, and of the shooting of Oriol Solé Sugranyes during his escape in 1976. One of its French members,

Jean-Marc Rouillan ''Action Directe'' (; AD, "direct action") was a French far-left militant group which committed a assassination campaign, series of assassinations and violent attacks in France between 1979 and 1987. Members of Action directe considered thems ...

, later became a member of the GARI and then of the terrorist group ''

Action Directe ''Action Directe'' (; AD, "direct action") was a French far-left militant group which committed a series of assassinations and violent attacks in France between 1979 and 1987. Members of Action directe considered themselves libertarian commu ...

''. The MIL advocated violent

direct action Direct action originated as a political activist term for economic and political acts in which the actors use their power (e.g. economic or physical) to directly reach certain goals of interest, in contrast to those actions that appeal to oth ...

against Francoist Spain and capitalism, carrying out bank robberies ("'' expropriations''"), allegedly to support the working class' struggle. It was formed by members from various origins,

Marxist Marxism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing to Far-left politics, far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a Materialism, materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand S ...

anarchist Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including, though not neces ...

s, etc., and supported council communism, situationism and other ultra-leftist theories which were opposed by other left-wing organized parties. The MIL published various books and leaflets prohibited in Spain, such as texts by Camillo Berneri, Antonie Pannekoek and the

Situationist International The Situationist International (SI) was an international organization of social revolutionaries made up of avant-garde artists, intellectuals, and political theorists. It was prominent in Europe from its formation in 1957 to its dissolution ...

. They decided to dissolve themselves in August 1973. A month later, most of its members were imprisoned in Barcelona, while others managed to escape to Toulouse where they formed the

Groupes d'action révolutionnaire internationalistes The Revolutionary Internationalist Action Groups (french: Groupes d'action révolutionnaires internationalistes; es, Grupos de Acción Revolucionaria Internacionalista; GARI) was an anarchist and anti-Francoist terrorist group in France in the 197 ...

(GARI). The GARI launched a campaign in favour of their imprisoned militants and continued violent resistance against Francoist Spain.

References

External links

Website of a film documentary on the MIL

Text of the MILText of the August 1973 dissolutionResponse to the film on Salvador Puig AntichAbout Salvador Puig Antich & MILDocuments on the MIL
from the Kate Sharpley Library {{Authority control Anti-Francoism Communism in Spain Left-wing militant groups in Spain Politics of Spain Communist organizations in Europe Communist terrorism Far-left politics in Spain Terrorism in Spain Defunct communist militant groups Politics of Catalonia

References

Further reading

External links