"I am the thy God" (
KJV
The King James Version (KJV), also the King James Bible (KJB) and the Authorized Version, is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, which was commissioned in 1604 and published in 1611, by sponsorship of K ...
, also "I am the Lord your God"
NJB,
WEB, ''’Ānōḵî Adonai ’ĕlōheḵā'') is the opening phrase of the
Ten Commandments
The Ten Commandments (Biblical Hebrew עשרת הדברים \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, ''aséret ha-dvarím'', lit. The Decalogue, The Ten Words, cf. Mishnaic Hebrew עשרת הדיברות \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְ ...
, which are widely understood as moral imperatives by ancient legal historians and Jewish and Christian biblical scholars.
The text of the Ten Commandments according to the
Book of Exodus
The Book of Exodus (from grc, Ἔξοδος, translit=Éxodos; he, שְׁמוֹת ''Šəmōṯ'', "Names") is the second book of the Bible. It narrates the story of the Exodus, in which the Israelites leave slavery in Biblical Egypt through ...
begins:
The conventional "the " in
English translations
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between ''transla ...
renders in the Hebrew text (transliterated "
YHWH
The Tetragrammaton (; ), or Tetragram, is the four-letter Hebrew theonym (transliterated as YHWH), the name of God in the Hebrew Bible. The four letters, written and read from right to left (in Hebrew), are ''yodh'', '' he'', '' waw'', and ...
"), the proper name of the God of Israel, reconstructed as ''
Yahweh
Yahweh *''Yahwe'', was the national god of ancient Israel and Judah. The origins of his worship reach at least to the early Iron Age, and likely to the Late Bronze Age if not somewhat earlier, and in the oldest biblical literature he poss ...
''. The translation "God" renders אֱלֹהִים (transliterated "
Elohim"), the normal biblical Hebrew word for "
god, deity".
The introduction to the Ten Commandments establishes the identity of God by both his personal name and his historical act of delivering Israel from Egypt. The language and pattern reflects that of ancient royal treaties in which a great king identified himself and his previous gracious acts toward a subject king or people.
[The NIV Study Bible, Zondervan, 1995, p. 146]
Establishing his identity through the use of the proper name,
Yahweh
Yahweh *''Yahwe'', was the national god of ancient Israel and Judah. The origins of his worship reach at least to the early Iron Age, and likely to the Late Bronze Age if not somewhat earlier, and in the oldest biblical literature he poss ...
, and his mighty acts in history distinguishes Yahweh from the gods of Egypt which were judged in the killing of Egypt's firstborn (Exodus 12) and from the gods of Canaan, the gods of the gentile nations, and the gods that are worshipped as idols, starry hosts, or things found in nature, and the gods known by other proper names. So distinguished, Yahweh demands exclusive allegiance from the
Israelites
The Israelites (; , , ) were a group of Semitic-speaking tribes in the ancient Near East who, during the Iron Age, inhabited a part of Canaan.
The earliest recorded evidence of a people by the name of Israel appears in the Merneptah Stele o ...
. “I am the your God” occurs a number of other times in the Bible also.
Hebrew Bible
By saying, "I am the your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery", it introduces him by name to establish his authority behind the stipulations that follow. The implicit imperative is to believe that God exists and that his proper name is “Yahweh.” By invoking the exodus from Egypt, it also suggests the archetype of God as the redeemer and intervener in history. This verse also serves as the motive clause for the following imperatives.
[The Jewish Study Bible, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 148]
The text follows an ancient royal treaty pattern, where the speaking monarch begins by identifying himself by name and notable deeds.
Yahweh thus establishes his position relative to the Israelites, who are expected to render complete submission, allegiance, and obedience to him.
The
covenant
Covenant may refer to:
Religion
* Covenant (religion), a formal alliance or agreement made by God with a religious community or with humanity in general
** Covenant (biblical), in the Hebrew Bible
** Covenant in Mormonism, a sacred agreement b ...
logic establishes an exclusive relationship in which the subject population may have only one sovereign, as expressed explicitly in
thou shalt have no other gods before me
"Thou shalt have no other gods before on my face" ( he, לא יהיה־לך אלהים אחרים על־פני) is one, or part of one depending on the numbering tradition used, of the Ten Commandments found in the Hebrew Bible at and . Accordin ...
.
New Testament
Jesus
Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label= Hebrew/ Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religiou ...
quotes Deuteronomy when tempted to worship
Satan in exchange for all the kingdoms of the world.
Jesus repeats the
Shema
''Shema Yisrael'' (''Shema Israel'' or ''Sh'ma Yisrael''; he , שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל ''Šəmaʿ Yīsrāʾēl'', "Hear, O Israel") is a Jewish prayer (known as the Shema) that serves as a centerpiece of the morning and evening Jewis ...
as the most important commandment:
Those who eat food sacrificed to idols are rebuked. Just as in the Hebrew Bible, where sacrificing to other gods is portrayed as sacrificing to demons, idolatry is connected with the worship of demons in the New Testament, and God is described as profoundly jealous of other Divine beings.
The New Testament asserts that God brings consequences to those who worship other gods. God commands "all people everywhere to repent." Idols are described as “worthless things” and people are exhorted to turn away from them to the living God. The teaching of Moses and the experience of Israel when they departed from it are used to support the insistence that believers abstain from idolatry and sexual immorality.
Roman Catholic doctrine
The ''
Catechism of the Catholic Church'' teaches that “The first commandment summons man to believe in God, to hope in him, and to love him above all else.” It cites the requirement of the Shema, that “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul and with all your strength” and the answer Jesus gave when tempted by Satan.
In their explanation of the first commandment, the ''Catechism'' quotes Justin Martyr's dialogue to support their teaching that Christians and Jews have trusted the same God.
The ''Catechism'' describes the phrase “I am the ” at the beginning of the Ten Commandments as an expression of God's existence and his authority.
A much longer exposition of the first commandment can be found in part 3 of the
Catechism of the Council of Trent
The Roman Catechism or Catechism of the Council of Trent is a compendium of Catholic doctrine commissioned during the Counter-Reformation by the Council of Trent, to expound doctrine and to improve the theological understanding of the clergy. ...
.
Protestant views
John Calvin viewed “I am the thy God” as a preface to the Decalogue and “have no other gods” as the first commandment. However, he also allowed for viewing “I am the thy God” as the first commandment, provided one also allows it to serve as a preface to the whole Decalogue.
In his commentary on the first commandment, Calvin describes superstition as akin to a wife committing adultery in front of her husband.
Martin Luther
Martin Luther (; ; 10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, and professor, and Augustinian friar. He is the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation and the namesake of Lutherani ...
describes the first commandment as prohibiting both the literal honoring of other gods as well as trusting in idols of the heart: money, good works, superstition, etc.
Like Calvin,
Matthew Henry considers “I am the thy God” to be a preface. Henry explains the preface and the first commandment from a covenant viewpoint: God delivered Israel from Egypt, and they belong to him by mutual agreement, so they are bound to obey his covenant stipulations.
John Wesley makes the common observation that Israel is obligated to obey God's commandments because he delivered them from Egypt, and he adds the observation that Christians are likewise obligated to serve Christ, having been rescued out of bondage to sin.
John Wesley uses the first commandment in Deuteronomy 5 as a motivation to pose a list of introspective questions.
In his exposition of Exodus 20 on the “Thru The Bible” radio program,
J. Vernon McGee
John Vernon McGee (June 17, 1904 – December 1, 1988) was an American ordained Presbyterian minister, pastor, Bible teacher, theologian, and radio minister.
Biography Childhood, education, and early ministry
McGee was born in Hillsboro, Tex ...
, quotes Romans 1:21-25 and Colossians 3:5 to support his assertion that the idolatry forbidden by the first commandment includes not only the worship of idols and foreign gods, but also idols of the heart such as greed, alcohol, and sexual immorality.
Jewish doctrine
![Maimonides-Statue](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Maimonides-Statue.jpg)
"I am the your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt, from the house of slavery. You shall have no other gods before Me..."
Maimonides
Musa ibn Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides (); la, Moses Maimonides and also referred to by the acronym Rambam ( he, רמב״ם), was a Sephardic Jewish philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Tora ...
interpreted this as a command requiring one to know there is a God. Ibn Ezra interpreted this as a command to believe that Yahweh alone is God.
This command prohibits belief in or worship of any additional deities:
"Do not make an image or any likeness of what is in the heavens above..." This prohibits the construction or fashioning of "idols" in the likeness of created things (beasts, fish, birds, people) and worshipping them.
Other occurrences
The phrase "I am the your God" appears a number of times in the Hebrew Bible outside of the Decalogue.
Thus, Leviticus 18 gives a number of commands prohibiting sexual perversions and the sacrifice of children. It demands that God's people behave differently from the nations around them, lest they be destroyed in the same manner.
In a similar manner, Leviticus 19 gives additional commands regarding separation from mediums and spiritists, the honoring of the aged, and kindness to foreigners.
The prophet
Isaiah
Isaiah ( or ; he, , ''Yəšaʿyāhū'', "God is Salvation"), also known as Isaias, was the 8th-century BC Israelite prophet after whom the Book of Isaiah is named.
Within the text of the Book of Isaiah, Isaiah himself is referred to as "the ...
asserts that failure to obey the commandments is the reason for Israel's captivity and had the nation obeyed the commandments, they would have had peace like a river.
The prophet
Joel Joel or Yoel is a name meaning "Yahweh Is God" and may refer to:
* Joel (given name), origin of the name including a list of people with the first name.
* Joel (surname), a surname
* Joel (footballer, born 1904), Joel de Oliveira Monteiro, Brazili ...
looks forward to future blessing through which God's people will know that Yahweh is their God through his wondrous deeds on their behalf.
See also
*
Biblical law in Christianity
*
Monotheism
Monotheism is the belief that there is only one deity, an all-supreme being that is universally referred to as God. Cross, F.L.; Livingstone, E.A., eds. (1974). "Monotheism". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxfo ...
*
The Ten Commandments
The Ten Commandments ( Biblical Hebrew עשרת הדברים \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, ''aséret ha-dvarím'', lit. The Decalogue, The Ten Words, cf. Mishnaic Hebrew עשרת הדיברות \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְ ...
Further reading
*
Notes
{{Authority control
Ten Commandments
Yahweh
Biblical phrases
Positive Mitzvoth