Integrin beta-7 is an
integrin
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that facilitate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. Upon ligand binding, integrins activate signal transduction pathways that mediate cellular signals such as regulation of the cell cycle, ...
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''ITGB7''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
It can pair with
ITGA4
CD49d is an integrin alpha subunit. It makes up half of the α4β1 lymphocyte homing receptor.
Function
The product of this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins com ...
(CD49d) to form the
heterodimer
In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently bound. Many macromolecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, form dimers. The word ''dimer'' has ...
ic integrin
receptor
Receptor may refer to:
* Sensory receptor, in physiology, any structure which, on receiving environmental stimuli, produces an informative nerve impulse
*Receptor (biochemistry), in biochemistry, a protein molecule that receives and responds to a ...
αβ, or with
ITGAE
Integrin, alpha E (ITGAE) also known as CD103 (cluster of differentiation 103) is an integrin protein that in human is encoded by the ''ITGAE'' gene. CD103 binds integrin beta 7 (β7– ITGB7) to form the complete heterodimeric integrin molecule ...
(CD103) to form αβ.
Structure
Like all integrin subunits, β is a highly flexible, membrane-bound, extracellular protein that must pair with an α subunit for stability. The molecule's flexibility allows it to dynamically regulate its affinity for
ligand
In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The bonding with the metal generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electr ...
through conformational changes.
Beginning with the apical end of the protein, farthest from the cell membrane, the β is composed of a head and upper legs, collectively known as the headpiece, lower legs, a
transmembrane domain
A transmembrane domain (TMD) is a membrane-spanning protein domain. TMDs generally adopt an alpha helix topological conformation, although some TMDs such as those in porins can adopt a different conformation. Because the interior of the lipid bil ...
and a
cytoplasmic
In cell biology, the cytoplasm is all of the material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. Th ...
tail. The top of the head is the I-like domain, sometimes called the βI domain, which, in combination with the α subunit, binds ligand. Just below this is the hybrid domain, a portion of which is
N-terminal
The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH2-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide, referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide. Within a peptide, the ami ...
to the I-like domain. Below the hybrid domain is the PSI domain, which completes the headpiece. The lower legs consist of
EGF domain
The EGF-like domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain, which derives its name from the epidermal growth factor where it was first described. It comprises about 30 to 40 amino-acid residues and has been found in a large number of mostl ...
s 1-4 and the β tail domain. Finally there is a transmembrane domain, and the
C-terminal
The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH). When the protein is ...
cytoplasmic tail.
Interactions
ITGB7 has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with
EED.
References
Further reading
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External links
ITGB7Info with links in th
Cell Migration Gateway
{{Integrins
Integrins