ISO
ISO is the most common abbreviation for the International Organization for Standardization.
ISO or Iso may also refer to: Business and finance
* Iso (supermarket), a chain of Danish supermarkets incorporated into the SuperBest chain in 2007
* Iso ...
11784 and ISO 11785 are
international standards that regulate the
radio-frequency identification (RFID) of animals, which is usually accomplished by implanting, introducing or attaching a transponder containing a microchip to an animal.
RF identification of animals requires that the bits transmitted by a
transponder
In telecommunications, a transponder is a device that, upon receiving a signal, emits a different signal in response. The term is a blend of ''transmitter'' and ''responder''.
In air navigation or radio frequency identification, a flight trans ...
are interpretable by a
transceiver
In radio communication, a transceiver is an electronic device which is a combination of a radio ''trans''mitter and a re''ceiver'', hence the name. It can both transmit and receive radio waves using an antenna, for communication purposes. Thes ...
. Usually, the
bit stream
A bitstream (or bit stream), also known as binary sequence, is a sequence of bits.
A bytestream is a sequence of bytes. Typically, each byte is an 8-bit quantity, and so the term octet stream is sometimes used interchangeably. An octet may ...
contains data bits, defining the identification code and a number of bits to ensure correct reception of the data bits. ISO 11784 specifies the structure of the identification code. ISO 11785 specifies how a transponder is activated and how the stored information is transferred to a transceiver (the characteristics of the transmission protocols between transponder and transceiver)
These standards are updated and expanded in
ISO 14223 which regulates "advanced"
transponders for animals, and
ISO 24631 which regulates testing procedures for conformance with ISO 11784 & 11785 as well as performance.
Introduction
The technical concept of animal identification described is based on the principle of
radio-frequency identification (RFID). ISO 11785 is applicable in connection with ISO 11784 which describes the structure and the information content of the codes stored in the transponder.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) draws attention to the fact that compliance with clause 6 and Annex A of this International Standard may involve the use of patents concerning methods of transmission.
Specifications
RF protocol
The
carrier frequency
In telecommunications, a carrier wave, carrier signal, or just carrier, is a waveform (usually sinusoidal) that is modulated (modified) with an information-bearing signal for the purpose of conveying information. This carrier wave usually has a ...
for animal identification is 134.2 kHz.
There are two ISO approved protocols in use to communicate between tag and reader:
FDX-A which uses the 125kHz frequency and a 10 bit code is not ISO compliant.
In DBP a is encoded as or and a is encoded as or , such that there is at least one transition per bit (so is encoded as and not as or )
Code structure
ISO 11784:1996 Radio-frequency identification of animals - Code structure
The first three digits of the ID are the manufacturer code.
HDX
With half-duplex, the tag must store sufficient energy when the receiver's activating field is turned on to allow it to transmit when the activating field is switched off. This makes the receiver simpler, as it is not necessary to pick up the weak signal from the tag among the strong activating field. The disadvantage is that the HDX tag can not transmit when the activating field is turned on.
Telegram layout:
*8 Startbits ,
*1 Animal – No animal indicator,
*14 'Reserved for future use' bits,
*1 Extra data indicator bit,
*10 Country code according to
ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., ...
,
*38 ID bits,
*16
CCITT CRC over the previous 64 bits,
*24 Application bits
FDX
With full duplex, the tag can transmit immediately when in the presence of the receiver's activating field. The advantage is that the FDX tag can then transmit continuously and can therefore be read more quickly and more often.
Telegram layout:
*11 Startbits 00000000001,
*38 ID bits
*10 Country code according to
ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., ...
,
*1 Extra application bits,
*14 Reserved bits,
*1 Animal bit,
*16
CCITT CRC over the previous bits
*24 Application bits
In FDX (at least), after the 11 startbits, a framing bit ('1') is sent after every 8 data bits.
Patents
Compliance with the standards may require use of techniques which are covered by (or claimed to be covered by) certain patents.
ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights.
Some patent holder has assured ISO that they will not exert their patent rights concerning FDX B technology.
Other patent holders have assured ISO that they are willing to negotiate licenses under
reasonable and non-discriminatory
Reasonable and non-discriminatory (RAND) terms, also known as fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms, denote a voluntary licensing commitment that standards organizations often request from the owner of an intellectual property r ...
terms and conditions with applicants through the world. In this respect, the statement of the holders of these patent rights are registered with ISO.
Attention is moreover drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights other than those identified above. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. In that connection, additional correspondences were received from two other companies not willing to forward pertinent declaration in accordance with the current ISO Directives.
References
European Union uses ISO 11784 / 11785 for mandatory identification of animals
External links
*
ttp://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=25881 ISO 11784:1996 at ISO web sitebr>
ISO 11785:1996 at ISO web site*
ttp://rfidiot.org RFIDIOt.org - Open Source Tools for reading and manipulating RFID tags including ISO11784/5 compliant devicesbr>
RFIDler - An Open Source hardware RFID Reader/Writer/Emulator including ISO11784/5 compliant devices
{{DEFAULTSORT:ISO 11784 and 11785
Radio-frequency identification