INS Krishna

HMS ''Andromeda'' was a of the Royal Navy. She was built at HM Dockyard Portsmouth. She was launched on 24 May 1967 and commissioned into the Royal Navy on 2 December 1968. She took part in the Falklands War. She was sold to India in 1995, for use as a training ship, being renamed INS ''Krishna''. She was finally decommissioned in May 2012.

Construction

''Andromeda'' was one of three ''Leander''-class frigates ordered on 12 January 1965, the other two being and .Osborne and Sowdon 1990, p. 37. She was laid down at HMNB Portsmouth on 25 May 1966,Blackman 1971, p. 350.Friedman 2009, p. 338.Marriott 1983, p. 94. launched on 24 May 1967 and commissioned on 2 December 1968 with the Pennant number ''F57''.Osborne and Sowdon 1990, p. 109.

''Andromeda'' was a Batch 3, "Broad-Beamed" ''Leander'', and as such was long overall and at the waterline, with a beam of and a maximum draught of . Displacement was standard and full load. Two oil-fired boilers fed steam at and to a pair of double reduction geared steam turbines that in turn drove two propeller shafts, with the machinery rated at , giving a speed of .Osborne and Sowdon 1990, p. 111.

A twin 4.5-inch (113 mm) Mark 6 gun mount was fitted forward. A single Sea Cat surface-to-air missile launcher was fitted aft (on the Helicopter hangar roof), while two Oerlikon 20mm cannon provided close-in defence. A Limbo anti-submarine mortar was fitted aft to provide a short-range anti-submarine capability, while a hangar and helicopter deck allowed a single Westland Wasp helicopter to be operated, for longer range anti-submarine and anti-surface operations.Osborne and Sowdon 1990, pp. 33–34, 36, 111.Marriott 1983, p. 79.

As built, ''Andromeda'' was fitted with a large Type 965 long range air search radar on the ship's mainmast, with a Type 993 short range air/surface target indicating radar and Type 978 navigation radar carried on the ship's foremast. An MRS3 fire control system was carried to direct the 4.5-inch guns.Osborne and Sowden 1990, pp. 33, 35, 44. The ship had a sonar suite of Type 184 medium range search sonar, Type 162 bottom search and Type 170 attack sonar, together with a Type 199 variable depth sonar (VDS).Osborne and Sowdon 1990, pp. 33–34, 44.Friedman 2009, p. 253.

Between 1977 and 1980, ''Andromeda'' underwent a major reconstruction, in which the ship's armament and sensors were greatly revised. The 4.5 inch gun turret, Sea Cat launcher and Limbo anti submarine mortar were removed, with a sextuple Sea Wolf surface-to-air missile launcher and four Exocet missiles fitted forward. Two triple STWS-1 torpedo tubes allowed anti-submarine torpedoes to be launched, while the ship's hangar and flight deck was enlarged to allow a Westland Lynx helicopter to be carried instead of the smaller Wasp. A completely new radar outfit was fitted, with a Type 967 air-search radar and a Type 968 low-level air warning and surface search radar fitted back to back on the ship's foremast, and with a Type 1006 navigation radar fitted lower down on the ship's foremast. A Type 2016 long-range search sonar replaced the Type 184 sonar, while the Type 162 bottom search sonar was retained.Osborne and Sowdon 1990, pp. 79–80, 111.Marriott 1983, pp. 84, 86, 88. Displacement increased to standard and full load, while speed dropped to .Prézelin and Baker 1990, p. 714.

Royal Navy Service

Beira Patrol

In 1969, ''Andromeda'' was deployed to the Persian Gulf and Far East as leader of the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla, taking part in the Beira Patrol, a deployment that was used to prevent oil reaching Rhodesia via Mozambique. On 1 June 1970, the Royal Fleet Auxiliary tanker , on her way to refuel ''Andromeda'', struck an uncharted pinnacle of rock off the Seychelles, and sank. ''Andromeda'' was the first ship on the scene of the accident, and helped to rescue the crew of ''Ennerdale'', the wreck of which was later destroyed by explosives.Osborne and Sowdon 1990, p. 46.Critchley 1992, p. 127. Later that year, ''Andromeda'' returned to European waters. On 23 October 1970, the Liberian-flagged tanker collided with the tanker off the Isle of Wight and caught fire with 13 killed aboard ''Pacific Glory''. The blazing ''Pacific Glory'' ran aground on 24 October, and ''Andromeda'' took part in the large scale clean up operation. On 9 October 1970, ''Andromeda'' and her helicopter went to the aid of the tug RMAS ''Samsonia'' which had suffered a mechanical breakdown when towing the landing ship in bad weather through the Pentland Firth. In 1971 she was present at Portsmouth Navy Days. In August 1971 she joined the 6th Frigate Squadron as leader.

Cod Wars

In 1973, ''Andromeda'' took part in the Second Cod War, patrolling to intervene in case of interference on British fishing by Icelandic vessels. On 11 August 1973, ''Andromeda'' was rammed by the Icelandic gunboat . The following year, ''Andromeda'' had to evacuate British civilians from the Mediterranean island of Cyprus after Turkey had invaded it. In 1975, during the Third Cod War, the Icelandic gunboat rammed ''Andromeda'' on 28 December, damaging her guardrail and a chaff launcher. On 7 January 1976, ''Andromeda'' was involved in another ramming, this time with the gunboat ''Þór''. Both warships were damaged, with ''Andromeda'' receiving a dent as a result of this collision, and had to return to Devonport for repairs.Osborne and Sowdon 1990, p. 47.

Falklands War

In 1977, ''Andromeda'' took part in the Fleet Review of the Royal Navy, during the Silver Jubilee celebrations for Queen Elizabeth II. Between November 1977 and December 1980, ''Andromeda'' underwent modernisation, including the addition of Exocet and Sea Wolf missiles at Devonport dockyard. ''Andromeda'' took part in the Falklands War in 1982, returning to the United Kingdom from a deployment in the Western Atlantic in April 1982, before sailing for the South Atlantic as part of the ' Bristol Group', entering the Total Exclusion Zone on 25 May. She mainly acted as a close-escort for the aircraft carrier , receiving no damage during the war. After visiting South Georgia in August, she sailed for home, reaching Devonport on 10 September.Marriott 1983, p. 90.Burden ''et al''. 1986, p. 428.

Varied duties

In the subsequent years of the 1980s, ''Andromeda'' performed a number of varied duties, patrolling the Persian Gulf on Armilla Patrol, and deployments to the Falklands and West Indies. In late summer of 1984, ''Andromeda'' docked at Baltimore Harbor in the US for 10 days, on her way from the Falklands back home to England.
Armilla deployment 1983. Ports visited included Djibouti, Cochin, Singapore, Mombasa, Mauritius, Reunion and the Maldives
Falklands 1984
Armilla deployment 1985. Ports visited included Muscat, Abu Dhabi, Mombasa and Gibraltar.

Sale

Between 1990 and 1991, ''Andromeda'' underwent a refit. She was decommissioned two-years later. ''Andromeda'' was sold to the Indian Navy in 1995, where she was commissioned as the training ship, INS ''Krishna''. Her armament had been reduced to two Bofors 40 mm guns and two Oerlikon 20 mm cannons.

Fate

''Krishna'' was decommissioned on 24 May 2012 at Mumbai, 44 years to the day after her launch. The ship was sunk in the Bay of Bengal for target practice by Indian Navy ships.

Commanding officers

Notes

References

Publications

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Andromeda (F57)
Leander-class frigates
Krishna
Ships of the Fishery Protection Squadron of the United Kingdom
Falklands War naval ships of the United Kingdom
1967 ships
Ships built in Portsmouth
Ships sunk as targets