The IAR-111 Excelsior was a supersonic mothership project, designed by

ARCA Space Corporation Romanian Cosmonautics and Aeronautics Association (), also known as ARCAspace, is an aerospace company based in Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania. It builds rockets, high-altitude balloons, and unmanned aerial vehicles. It was founded in 1999 as a non-g ...

, intended to transport a rocket payload up to and for developing space tourism related technologies. The aircraft was supposed to be constructed almost entirely from composite materials, and was to be designed for take-off and landing from the sea surface. The project has since been abandoned.

History

The design of the aircraft started before the successful launch of the Helen 2 rocket. ARCA kept work on the project secret and decided to reveal it to the public in a press conference that took place at BRD headquarters in Bucharest in December 2010. The initial name of the aircraft was E-111. In March 2011 ARCA received approval from IAR S.A. Brasov to use its initials on the aircraft, so E-111 was officially renamed IAR-111. Work on the fuselage moulds started in early 2011 and were completed in September. The cockpit structure was completed in July. It is detachable from the rest of the aircraft and will be equipped with two rocket propelled parachutes (main and back-up) as a safety system. Also in September the CFD simulations for the aircraft were completed. On 29 September 2011, a successful cockpit drop-test was carried out. A

Mi-17 The Mil Mi-17 (NATO reporting name: Hip) is a Soviet-designed Russian military helicopter family introduced in 1975 (Mi-8M), continuing in production at two factories in Russia, in Kazan and Ulan-Ude. It is known as the Mi-8M series in Russia ...

helicopter dropped the cockpit from to test the parachute recovery system. In December 2011, the first two sections of the aircraft fuselage were completed and preliminary assembled.

Design

Features

The IAR-111 is designed to take-off and land on the sea surface. ARCA decided to use this approach to eliminate the need for a landing gear and thus reduce the cost of the aircraft. Another factor that went into the decision was the fact that

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

has no unpopulated areas above which to safely test the aircraft to high altitude flights. The aircraft has diamond-shaped wings to reduce weight, and lower drag at high speeds; "V" tails were chosen to avoid contact with the water on take-off and landing. It has two floats and the payload is located between them, acting as a third float. The payload will be either the Haas 2 rocket or an external fuel tank. For aerodynamic surface control it will use a hydraulic system controlled by fly-by-wire from the cockpit. The aircraft will be powered by the new

Executor An executor is someone who is responsible for executing, or following through on, an assigned task or duty. The feminine form, executrix, is sometimes used. Executor of will An executor is a legal term referring to a person named by the maker o ...

liquid-fuelled rocket engine, under construction at ARCA, which will use

kerosene Kerosene, or paraffin, is a combustibility, combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum. It is widely used as a fuel in Aviation fuel, aviation as well as households. Its name derives from the Greek (''kērós'') meaning " ...

as fuel and

liquid oxygen Liquid oxygen, sometimes abbreviated as LOX or LOXygen, is a clear cyan liquid form of dioxygen . It was used as the oxidizer in the first liquid-fueled rocket invented in 1926 by Robert H. Goddard, an application which is ongoing. Physical ...

as oxidizer.

Safety

The cockpit walls and windows are very thick, able to withstand an engine explosion in case of failure of the rocket. Additionally, the cockpit is detachable and is equipped with two rocket propelled parachutes (main and back-up). The aircraft will have a very large recovery parachute and a smaller

anti-stall parachute Anti-stall can refer to: * Anti-stall (engine), a device preventing the stalling of an engine * Anti-stall (aeroplane controls), a system designed to prevent an aircraft from stalling See also * Anti-stall strakes, leading-edge slots or extens ...

. Mission 6 tested the safety systems with a drop test from . One of the parachutes was opened to test the explosive bolts. The test was a success and the cabin was recovered in good condition.

Specifications

The specifications released to date are approximate design goals, and include:

References

{{reflist Private spaceflight Experimental aircraft Rocket-powered aircraft ARCAspace