was a after

Genroku was a after Jōkyō and before Hōei. The Genroku period spanned the years from the ninth month of 1688 to the third month of 1704. The reigning emperor was .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 415. The period was ...

and before Shōtoku''.'' This period spanned the years from March 1704 through April 1711. The reigning emperors were and .

Change of era

* 1704 : In reaction to the Great Genroku earthquake in Genroku 16, the era name was changed to ''Hōei'' (meaning "Prosperous Eternity"). The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Genroku 17, on the 13th day of the 3rd month.

Events of the ''Hōei'' era

* October 28, 1707 (''Hōei 4, 4th day of the 10th month''): Great Hōei earthquake. The city of Osaka suffers tremendously because of a very violent earthquake. * December 16, 1707 (''Hōei 4, 23rd day of the 11th month''): An eruption of

Mount Fuji , or Fugaku, located on the island of Honshū, is the highest mountain in Japan, with a summit elevation of . It is the second-highest volcano located on an island in Asia (after Mount Kerinci on the island of Sumatra), and seventh-highest p ...

; the cinders and ash fell like rain in

Izu Izu may refer to: Places *Izu Province, a part of modern-day Shizuoka prefecture in Japan **Izu, Shizuoka, a city in Shizuoka prefecture **Izu Peninsula, near Tokyo **Izu Islands, located off the Izu Peninsula People with the surname

*, Japane ...

, Kai,

Sagami Sagami may refer to: * Sagami, an 11th-century ''waka'' poet *Sagami Province, an old province in Japan *Sagami River, a river in Kanagawa and Yamanashi *Sagami Bay, a bay south of Kanagawa Prefecture in Honshū *Sagami Line, a railway roughly along ...

, and Musashi. * April 28, 1708 (''Hōei 5, 8th day of the 3rd month''): There was a great fire in Heian-kyō. * May 20, 1708 (''Hōei 5, 1st day of the 4th month''): The shogunate introduces new copper coins into circulation; and each coin is marked with the ''Hōei'' nengō name (''Hōei Tsubo'').Titsingh
p. 416.
/ref> * October 12, 1708 (''Hōei 5, 29th day of the 8th month''): Italian

missionary A missionary is a member of a Religious denomination, religious group which is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.Tho ...

Giovanni Sidotti Giovanni Battista Sidotti (1668 – 27 November 1714) was an Italian secular priest and Apostolic Missionary of the Pontifical Congregation of Propaganda Fide. During the Edo period, he entered Japan illegally and was arrested, whereupon he was c ...

landed in

Yakushima , native_name_link = , image_caption = Landsat image of Yakushima , image_size = , nickname = , location = East China Sea , coordinates = , map = Japan#Japan Kagoshima Prefecture , map_relief ...

, where he was promptly arrested. * February 19, 1709 (''Hōei 6, 10th day of the 1st month''): The wife of Shōgun

Tsunayoshi was the fifth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. He was the younger brother of Tokugawa Ietsuna, as well as the son of Tokugawa Iemitsu, the grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.Nussbaum, Louis-Fr ...

killed him with a knife, and then she stabbed herself in the heart. Tsunayoshi's homosexual interests were aroused by the son of the ''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and n ...

'' of Kai; and his plans to adopt this Tokugawa youth as his successor were known by a few inside

Edo Castle is a flatland castle that was built in 1457 by Ōta Dōkan in Edo, Toshima District, Musashi Province. In modern times it is part of the Tokyo Imperial Palace in Chiyoda, Tokyo and is therefore also known as . Tokugawa Ieyasu established the ...

. The shōgun's wife, who was also a daughter of the emperor, foresaw that this choice of a successor would be very poorly received by many; and she feared that it might result in a disastrous civil war. The shōgun's wife did everything she could to dissuade Tsunayoshi from continuing with such potentially divisive and dangerous plans; and when it became clear that her arguments were in vain, she resolutely sacrificed herself for the good of the country—she killed her husband and then killed herself. She may also have done this as she hated the boy. * 1709 (''Hōei 6, 4th month''): Minamoto no Ienobu, Tsunayoshi's nephew, becomes the 6th shōgun of the

Edo bakufu The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868.Louis-Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Ja ...

. * August 7, 1709 (''Hōei 6, 2nd day of the 7th month''): The Emperor abdicates. * January 16, 1710 (''Hōei 6, 17th day of the 12th month''): Higashiyama dies. * July 7, 1710 – March 22, 1711 (''Hōei 7, 11th day of the 6th month – Shōtoku 1, 4th day of the 2nd month''): Ryukyuan mission to Edo, the largest delegation—168 people—in the Edo Period.National Archives of Japan
''Ryūkyū Chuzano ryoshisha tojogyoretsu'', scroll illustrating procession of Ryūkyū emissary to Edo, 1710 (''Hōei 7'')

Gallery

File:Mt,Fuji 2007 Winter 28000Ft.JPG, Looking down towards the peak of Mount Fuji and its central crater. File:Volcanic-ash-downfall map of Mt.Fuji Hoei-eruption01.jpg, Distribution of volcanic cinders and ash falling across central Honshū after the eruption of Mount Fuji in 1707 (''Hoei 4''). File:FujiHoei2078.jpg, The Hoei Crater, visible to the right of the peak of Mount Fuji, was the location of the 1707 eruption that spewed ash as far as Edo.

Notes

References

* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge:

Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. After the retirem ...

.
OCLC 48943301
* Screech, Timon. (2006)
''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822.''
London:

RoutledgeCurzon Routledge () is a British multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioural science, education, law, and ...

.
OCLC 65177072
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''

Nihon Odai Ichiran Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon.''
Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691

External links

National Diet Library The is the national library of Japan and among the largest libraries in the world. It was established in 1948 for the purpose of assisting members of the in researching matters of public policy. The library is similar in purpose and scope to ...