Hypocontinuity
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

In mathematics, a hypocontinuous is a condition on
bilinear map In mathematics, a bilinear map is a function combining elements of two vector spaces to yield an element of a third vector space, and is linear in each of its arguments. Matrix multiplication is an example. Definition Vector spaces Let V, W ...
s of
topological vector space In mathematics, a topological vector space (also called a linear topological space and commonly abbreviated TVS or t.v.s.) is one of the basic structures investigated in functional analysis. A topological vector space is a vector space that is als ...
s that is weaker than continuity but stronger than
separate continuity In mathematics, a bilinear map is a function combining elements of two vector spaces to yield an element of a third vector space, and is linear in each of its arguments. Matrix multiplication is an example. Definition Vector spaces Let V, W ...
. Many important bilinear maps that are not continuous are, in fact, hypocontinuous.


Definition

If X, Y and Z are
topological vector space In mathematics, a topological vector space (also called a linear topological space and commonly abbreviated TVS or t.v.s.) is one of the basic structures investigated in functional analysis. A topological vector space is a vector space that is als ...
s then a
bilinear map In mathematics, a bilinear map is a function combining elements of two vector spaces to yield an element of a third vector space, and is linear in each of its arguments. Matrix multiplication is an example. Definition Vector spaces Let V, W ...
\beta: X\times Y\to Z is called ''hypocontinuous'' if the following two conditions hold: * for every
bounded set :''"Bounded" and "boundary" are distinct concepts; for the latter see boundary (topology). A circle in isolation is a boundaryless bounded set, while the half plane is unbounded yet has a boundary. In mathematical analysis and related areas of mat ...
A\subseteq X the set of linear maps \ is an
equicontinuous In mathematical analysis, a family of functions is equicontinuous if all the functions are continuous and they have equal variation over a given neighbourhood, in a precise sense described herein. In particular, the concept applies to countable fa ...
subset of Hom(Y,Z), and * for every bounded set B\subseteq Y the set of linear maps \ is an equicontinuous subset of Hom(X,Z).


Sufficient conditions

Theorem: Let ''X'' and ''Y'' be
barreled space In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, a barrelled space (also written barreled space) is a topological vector space (TVS) for which every barrelled set in the space is a neighbourhood for the zero vector. A barrelled set or a ...
s and let ''Z'' be a
locally convex In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, locally convex topological vector spaces (LCTVS) or locally convex spaces are examples of topological vector spaces (TVS) that generalize normed spaces. They can be defined as topological ve ...
space. Then every separately continuous bilinear map of X \times Y into ''Z'' is hypocontinuous.


Examples

* If ''X'' is a Hausdorff
locally convex In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, locally convex topological vector spaces (LCTVS) or locally convex spaces are examples of topological vector spaces (TVS) that generalize normed spaces. They can be defined as topological ve ...
barreled space In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, a barrelled space (also written barreled space) is a topological vector space (TVS) for which every barrelled set in the space is a neighbourhood for the zero vector. A barrelled set or a ...
over the field \mathbb, then the bilinear map X \times X^ \to \mathbb defined by \left( x, x^ \right) \mapsto \left\langle x, x^ \right\rangle := x^\left( x \right) is hypocontinuous.


See also

* *


References


Bibliography

* * * * {{Functional analysis Topological vector spaces Bilinear maps