Horns Rev is a shallow sandy

reef A reef is a ridge or shoal of rock, coral or similar relatively stable material, lying beneath the surface of a natural body of water. Many reefs result from natural, abiotic processes—deposition of sand, wave erosion planing down rock ...

of glacial deposits in the eastern

North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian ...

, about off the westernmost point of

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark , establish ...

, Blåvands Huk.Horns Rev
GEUS News nr 4, 2003. Retrieved March 2010. The reef contains the

Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm Horns Rev is an offshore wind farm in Denmark, Danish waters in the North Sea. The wind farm was built in three phases, the first coming online in 2002, the second in 2009 and the third in 2019. Horns Rev 1, the first phase, was the first larg ...

.Horns Rev Wind Farm
, Horns Rev web site. Retrieved 11 March 2010.Horns Revolution
, Modern Power Systems 5 October 2002. Retrieved 11 March 2010.

Horns Rev offshore wind farm

At Horns Rev the Danish Energy company Elsam (now Ørsted) built the first offshore

wind farm A wind farm or wind park, also called a wind power station or wind power plant, is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to produce electricity. Wind farms vary in size from a small number of turbines to several hundred wind turb ...

in the North Sea. When the first phase was inaugurated in 2002, Horns Rev wind farm was the first large scale offshore wind farm in the world at 160 MW, four times larger than the previous largest offshore wind farm in the world, the Middelgrunden at 40MW.Morgan, Colin
Offshore Wind – State of the Art
page 24 ''

Garrad Hassan The Germanischer Lloyd SE was a classification society based in the city of Hamburg, Germany. It ceased to exist as an independent entity in September 2013 as a result of its merger with Norway's DNV (Det Norske Veritas) to become DNV GL. Before ...

'', 20 October 2004. Retrieved 19 November 2010.Larsen, Jens H
The World's largest off-shore windfarm, Middelgrunden 40MW
''Copenhagen Environment and Energy Office (CEEO)'', 2001. Retrieved 19 November 2010. A total of 80

Vestas Vestas Wind Systems A/S is a Danish manufacturer, seller, installer, and servicer of wind turbines that was founded in 1945. The company operates manufacturing plants in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Taiwan, India, Italy, Romania, the Un ...

V80-2.0 MW units, capable of producing 160 MW, were installed by the Danish offshore wind farms services provider

A2SEA A2SEA was an offshore wind farm installation and services company based in Fredericia, Denmark. The company specializes in transport, installation, and servicing of offshore wind farms. In addition to Denmark, the company has subsidiaries in th ...

in 2002 with the last turbine coming into operation on 11 December 2002. It receives a guaranteed price of 0.453 DKK/kWh for the first 42,000 hours, paid by electricity consumers.Fremskrivning af PSO-udgifter
page 4. '' Danish Energy Agency'', 19 May 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2015. Since 2005, the wind farm has been owned and operated by

Vattenfall Vattenfall is a Swedish multinational power company owned by the Swedish State. Beyond Sweden, the company generates power in Denmark, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. The company's name is Swedish for "waterfall", an ...

. It cost DKK2bn. A

radar Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (''ranging''), angle, and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It can be used to detect aircraft, Marine radar, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor v ...

has shown details of the wind patterns, improving local short-term forecasting. Turbines are laid out as an oblique rectangle of 5 km x 3.8 km (8 horizontal and 10 vertical rows). The distance between turbines is 560 m in both directions. The main method of transport to the first wind park is an adapted

Eurocopter EC-135 The Eurocopter EC135 (now Airbus Helicopters H135) is a twin-engine civil light utility helicopter produced by Airbus Helicopters (formerly known as Eurocopter). It is capable of flight under instrument flight rules (IFR) and is outfitted with ...

helicopter when winds are less than 19 m/s. Hoisting the workers to and from a small platform on each turbine allows access to the park regardless of sea conditions which would otherwise prevent sailing in the area for a large part of the year. Vattenfall can change a gearbox in a day, and the farm has an availability of 96-97%. Two turbines are burnt out, and are uneconomic to replace with less than 10 years left. In April 2012, most of the Danish

Folketing The Folketing ( da, Folketinget, ; ), also known as the Parliament of Denmark or the Danish Parliament in English, is the unicameral national legislature ( parliament) of the Kingdom of Denmark—Denmark proper together with the Faroe Islands ...

(parliament) agreed to send out tenders in 2013 for a 400 MW wind farm at Horns Rev called Horns Rev 3, and a 600 MW at Kriegers Flak in the

Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from ...

, both likely receiving 90 øre/kWh for the first 50,000 hours. This was expected to raise wind power in Denmark above the current 39% of annual electricity production,Rasmussen, Jesper Nørskov.
Vindmøller slog rekord i 2014
" '' Energinet.dk'', 6 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015. which includes the 400 MW Anholt Offshore Wind Farm.Dyrskjøt, Mette
"Two giant offshore wind park tenders in 2013"
''

Dagbladet Børsen ''Børsen'' (full name: ''Dagbladet Børsen'') is a Danish newspaper specialising in business news published in Denmark. History and profile ''Børsen'' was founded in 1896 by merchant and editor Theodor Hans Carsten Green. In 1899, it was chang ...

'', 23 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012."Energinet kicks off 1GW offshore work"
''reNews'', 23 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012. Some of the area is an old minefield from World War Two.Wittrup, Sanne.
70 tyske miner kan forsinke kommende havmøllepark
''

Ingeniøren ''Ingeniøren'' (full name: ''Nyhedsmagasinet Ingeniøren'', literally ''The News Magazine "The Engineer"'') is a Danish weekly newspaper specialising in engineering topics. History and profile The paper has covered science and technology issues ...

'', 23 February 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2015. Four bidders were qualified for the tender.Wittrup, Sanne.
Horns Rev 3 er en godbid
''

'', 16 February 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.

won the tender in February 2015, at a price of 77 øre/kWh, well below the 105 øre at Anholt.Wittrup, Sanne.
Svenske Vattenfall skal bygge Danmarks næste havmøllepark
" ''

'', 26 February 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2015. Vattenfall states that they bid unaggressively against strong competition without sacrificing margins. The price reduction contributes to a smaller "green subsidy" (PSO) over the next years.Wittrup, Sanne.
Regnefejl, billig vind og sene kystmøller sænker prisen på grøn omstilling
''

'', 27 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015. A total of 49 Vestas V164-8.3 MW units, capable of producing 406.7 MW, will be installed.Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm
" ''

'', 27 June 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016. Three transformers were installed in July 2016. Findings released from an eight-year study about offshore wind farms in Denmark show that the projects "operate in harmony with the surrounding environment". The 2006 report confirms that both the Horns Rev and

Nysted Nysted is a town in Guldborgsund Municipality in Region Zealand on the southeastern coast of the island of Lolland in south Denmark. Nysted is located on the southern coast of Lolland, and has a population of 1,292 (1 January 2022).Denmark to Increase Wind Power to 50% by 2025, Mostly Offshore

References

External links

LORC – Horns Rev 1 Datasheet

Wind Farm Wake: The Horns Rev Photo Case (2012)Meteorological Explanation of Wake Clouds at Horns Rev Wind Farm (2010)
* Official videos
A wind power station in open seaLaying cablesHelicopter transferHelicopter rescue exercise
{{Authority control Offshore wind farms in the North Sea Wind farms in Denmark Vattenfall Ørsted (company) wind farms

Horns Rev offshore wind farm

See also

References

External links