''Hieracium lachenalii'', also known as common hawkweed or yellow hawkweed, is a species of plant in the tribe

Cichorieae The Cichorieae (also called Lactuceae) are a tribe in the plant family Asteraceae that includes 93 genera, more than 1,600 sexually reproductive species and more than 7,000 apomictic species. They are found primarily in temperate regions of the E ...

within the family

Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

. It is native to Europe but has become established as a weed in Australia and parts of North America. The species was widely known for many years as ''H. vulgatum'', but more recent studies have indicated that the two names represent the same species. The name ''H. lachenalii'' was coined in 1802, ''H. vulgatum'' in 1819, so the older name is to be used.

Description

This common weed can grow and produce flowers on plants that range from 4 inches (10 centimeters) to 36 inches (90 cm) tall. The rhizome is short and stout. The broadly

elliptic In mathematics, an ellipse is a plane curve surrounding two focal points, such that for all points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the focal points is a constant. It generalizes a circle, which is the special type of ellipse in ...

leaves can be up to 5 inches (12 centimeters) long and

taper Taper may refer to: * Part of an object in the shape of a cone (conical) * Taper (transmission line), a transmission line gradually increasing or decreasing in size * Fishing rod taper, a measure of the flexibility of a fishing rod * Conically t ...

with teeth towards the base. Each flower head has 40-80

ray florets The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

but no

disc floret The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

s Bracts surround the

flower head A pseudanthium (Greek for "false flower"; ) is an inflorescence that resembles a flower. The word is sometimes used for other structures that are neither a true flower nor a true inflorescence. Examples of pseudanthia include flower heads, compos ...

; the receptacle ( basal part of the flower on which the florets are attached) is flat and naked; heads tend to start together then become somewhat solitary on long leafless stems. The stalks below the heads are covered with scattered, simple and gland-tipped black hairs and contain a milky substance. The pale

yellow Yellow is the color between green and orange on the spectrum of light. It is evoked by light with a dominant wavelength of roughly 575585 nm. It is a primary color in subtractive color systems, used in painting or color printing. In the ...

flowers are produced during all of the summer months. The fruit are dark brown

achenes An achene (; ), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not op ...

Common names

* hr, Obična runjika * nl, Gewoon havikskruid *german: Gewöhnliches Habichtskraut, Lachenals Habichtskraut * en, Common Hawkweed, Yellow Hawkweed *french: Epervière de Lachenal * hu, Közönséges hölgymál * it, Sparviere comune * lv, Jakarda mauraga * pl, Jastrzębiec Lachenala * sr, Maslačak * sl, Lachenalova škržolica, Navadna škržolica *russian: Ястребинка Жаккара * cy, Heboglys * sv, Hagfibbla

Distribution and habitat

Native to most of Europe, ''Hieracium lachenalii'' was introduced to cooler parts of North America,Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
/ref> and to Australia. It can sometimes be found in soils that have been disturbed.

Europe

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, Bosnia-Herzegovina,

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, Republic of Croatia, Corsica,

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Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark , establish ...

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, Latvia,

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, Lithuania,

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Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = M ...

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

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, Republic of Poland,

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Slovakia Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...

, Sweden, Switzerland,

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Vatican City Vatican City (), officially the Vatican City State ( it, Stato della Città del Vaticano; la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae),—' * german: Vatikanstadt, cf. '—' (in Austria: ') * pl, Miasto Watykańskie, cf. '—' * pt, Cidade do Vati ...

, and various

oblast An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...

s of

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: and its autonomous republics: and

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North America

Subarctic America:

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. Canada:

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, Newfoundland,

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. United States:

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, New York,

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References

External links

* * * * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q1521028 lachenalii Flora of Europe Plants described in 1802