Herăstrău Park

King Michael I Park ( ro, Parcul "Regele Mihai I"), formerly
Herăstrău Park ( ro, Parcul Herăstrău), is a large park on the northern side of Bucharest, Romania, around Lake Herăstrău, one of the lakes formed by the Colentina River.

Geography

The park has an area of about 187 ha, of which 74 ha is the lake. Initially, the area was full of marshes, but these were drained between 1930 and 1935, and the park was opened in 1936. The park is divided into two zones: a rustic or natural zone (the Village Museum), which is left more or less undisturbed, and a public/'active' domain with open areas for recreation activities. Small boats are allowed on the lake.

Name

The park was initially intended to be called National Park (''Parcul Național''), but it was renamed ''Parcul Carol II'' during the period of the Carol II of Romania's cult of personality. Following World War II, it was renamed ''Parcul I. V. Stalin'', featuring a statue of Stalin at its entrance. In 1956, during the de-Stalinization period, Stalin's statue was torn down and the name of the park was changed to "Herăstrău". The name ''Herăstrău'' referred to the Herăstrău lake, and has its origin in a dialectal version of the word ''ferăstrău'' in standard Romanian, meaning saw or sawmill, referring to the water-powered sawmills that were once found on the Colentina river which flowed through it.

On 19 December 2017, by a decision of the Bucharest General Council, the park was renamed to "King Michael I Park" to honor the former King of Romania after Michael I had died on 5 December 2017.

History

The area of the park has been inhabited since the Paleolithic, traces of settlements being found at the Herăstrău sand quarry, including flint tools made by the Mousterian culture, a culture generally associated with the Neanderthals. During the quaternary glaciation, the area was inhabited by large mammals such as the woolly rhinoceros and the mammoth, bones of the latter being found in the Herăstrău sand quarry.Giurescu, p.26

During the Iron Age, a settlement of the first part of the Hallstatt era belonging to a pastoral population was located in Bordei-Herăstrău (the area between Herăstrău and Floreasca lakes, today part of the Herăstrău Park), which gives the name of the culture ( Bordei-Herăstrău culture). In the Dacian settlements of Herăstrău, which has been dated, with the help of the coins, to the 1st century BC, archeologists found a treasure containing silver fibulae, silver spiral bracelets, a silver bowl, as well as Ancient Greek coins (from Tomis and Dyrrachium) along with Dacian imitations.

Prince of Wallachia Alexander Ypsilantis built an Ottoman-style pavilion on the banks of the Herăstrău Lake. The plain along the lake was used in 1831, during the Russian occupation, for military exercises by a joint force of the Wallachian and Russian militaries. By the mid-19th century, Herăstrău was the main promenade area used by the Romanian élite for walks.

In 1936, the work began for the creation of the National Park (''Parcul Național'') in Herăstrău. For this, several dozen squalid houses, as well as an industrial plant were expropriated and torn down, being replaced with alleys and trees, being finally open for the public in May 1939, becoming Bucharest's largest park.Giurescu, p.199

Buildings and facilities

Elisabeta Palace, the current residence of the Romanian Royal Family, is located in the park, as an "island" inside the Village Museum, near ''Arcul de Triumf''. The Dimitrie Gusti National Village Museum, an open-air museum showcasing traditional life of the Romanian peasant and having hundreds of houses from across Romania, is also one of the main attractions in the park.

Scattered across the park are an open-air theatre, a yacht club, a sports club, the Herăstrău Hotel and, adjunct to the park, the Diplomatic Club, featuring a golf course. There is also Berăria H, the largest beer hall in southeastern Europe (formerly Pavilion H, a Soviet-style building); its capacity is of 2,000 places inside and 1,000 on an outside terrace.

Gallery

File:Elisabeta Palace Dining Room2.jpg, Elisabeta Palace
File:BucarestVillageMuseum10.jpg, Village Museum
File:Beraria H 20190410 194455013 (33731028558).jpg, Berăria H beer hall
File:Main Green Lawn (AP4P1151 1PS) (29481278222).jpg, Green lawn
File:Gradina Japoneza, Herastrau 03.jpg, Japanese Garden
File:Parcul Herăstrău.jpg, Alley in Herăstrău Park in autumn
File:Parcul Herastrau park Bucharest Bucuresti Romania.JPG, Sculptures
File:Parque Herastrau, Bucarest, Rumanía, 2016-05-30, DD 21.jpg, Monument to the Founders of the EU
File:Park Herastrau Eingang Charles de Gaulles Bukarest Rumänien.jpg, Charles de Gaulle entrance
File:Parque Herastrau, Bucarest, Rumanía, 2016-05-30, DD 25.jpg, Fountains and gardens
File:A black swan on Herăstrău Lake (5676919263).jpg, Black swan
File:Carolina ducks in Herăstrău (5728054609).jpg, Carolina ducks
File:Mr. Squirrel hugs you (5546327922).jpg, Squirrel
File:Yellow-bellied slider (AP4N2407 1PS) (26812004507).jpg, Turtle
File:Starling ro.JPG, Blackbird
File:Ceas Herastrau.png, Public clock
File:Parque Herastrau, Bucarest, Rumanía, 2016-05-30, DD 10.jpg, Public transport with boats
File:Herastrau Park B-II-a-A-18802 1.jpg, Panoramic view of Herăstrău Park

See also

* List of sculptures in Herăstrău Park

Notes

References

* Constantin C. Giurescu, ''Istoria Bucureștilor. Din cele mai vechi timpuri pînă în zilele noastre'', Editura Pentru Literatură, Bucharest, 1966.
* Florian Georgescu et al. ''Istoria Orașului București'', Muzeul de Istorie a Orașului București, 1965

External links

Parcul Herăstrău

{{DEFAULTSORT:Herastrau
Parks in Bucharest
Historic monuments in Bucharest
1936 establishments in Romania