Hersonissos ( el, Χερσόνησος, meaning "peninsula", ''Chersónisos'', ), also transliterated as ''Chersonissos'' and ''Hersónisos'', is a town and a local government unit in the north of
Crete
Crete ( el, Κρήτη, translit=, Modern: , Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, ...
, bordering the
Mediterranean
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on ...
/
Aegean Sea
The Aegean Sea ; tr, Ege Denizi ( Greek: Αιγαίο Πέλαγος: "Egéo Pélagos", Turkish: "Ege Denizi" or "Adalar Denizi") is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It is located between the Balkans ...
. The town is about 25 kilometers east of
Heraklion
Heraklion or Iraklion ( ; el, Ηράκλειο, , ) is the largest city and the administrative capital city, capital of the island of Crete and capital of Heraklion (regional unit), Heraklion regional unit. It is the fourth largest city in Gree ...
and west of
Agios Nikolaos. What is usually called Hersonissos is in fact its peninsula and harbour. It is part of the
Heraklion
Heraklion or Iraklion ( ; el, Ηράκλειο, , ) is the largest city and the administrative capital city, capital of the island of Crete and capital of Heraklion (regional unit), Heraklion regional unit. It is the fourth largest city in Gree ...
regional unit. It is situated 25 km from the
Heraklion
Heraklion or Iraklion ( ; el, Ηράκλειο, , ) is the largest city and the administrative capital city, capital of the island of Crete and capital of Heraklion (regional unit), Heraklion regional unit. It is the fourth largest city in Gree ...
airport and 27 km from the
Heraklion
Heraklion or Iraklion ( ; el, Ηράκλειο, , ) is the largest city and the administrative capital city, capital of the island of Crete and capital of Heraklion (regional unit), Heraklion regional unit. It is the fourth largest city in Gree ...
port. The seat of the local government unit is the village of Gournes.
Geography
The seaside resort of Hersonissos is officially the Port of Hersonissos ( el, Λιμένας Χερσόνησου, ''Liménas Chersónissou'') in distinction to the village of Upper Hersonissos ( el, Άνω Χερσόνησος, ''Ano Chersónissos'') further inland. Through tourism, the port town developed from the small harbour which served the original village, now known as Old Hersonissos.
History
The ancient town of
Chersonasus was important enough in the
Roman province
The Roman provinces (Latin: ''provincia'', pl. ''provinciae'') were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was rule ...
of
Creta et Cyrenaica
Crete and Cyrenaica ( la, Provincia Creta et Cyrenaica, Ancient Greek ) was a senatorial province of the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire, established in 67 BC. It comprised the island of Crete and the region of Cyrenaica in present-day ...
early to become a Christian
bishopric
In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop.
History
In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associate ...
, a
suffragan
A suffragan bishop is a type of bishop in some Christian denominations.
In the Anglican Communion, a suffragan bishop is a bishop who is subordinate to a metropolitan bishop or diocesan bishop (bishop ordinary) and so is not normally jurisdiction ...
of the
metropolitan see
Metropolitan may refer to:
* Metropolitan area, a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories
* Metropolitan borough, a form of local government district in England
* Metropolitan county, a t ...
of
Gortyna
Gortyna ( grc, Γόρτυνα; also known as Gortyn (Γορτύν)) was a town of ancient Crete which appears in the Homeric poems under the form of Γορτύν; but afterwards became usually Gortyna (Γόρτυνα). According to Stephanus o ...
.
The names of some of its bishops appear in extant documents: Anderius took part in the
Council of Ephesus
The Council of Ephesus was a council of Christian bishops convened in Ephesus (near present-day Selçuk in Turkey) in AD 431 by the Roman Emperor Theodosius II. This third ecumenical council, an effort to attain consensus in the church t ...
in 431; Longinus in the
Robber Council
The Second Council of Ephesus was a Christological church synod in 449 AD convened by Emperor Theodosius II under the presidency of Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria. It was intended to be an ecumenical council, and it is accepted as such by the mi ...
of 449; Euphratas was a signatory of the letter sent by the bishops of the province to the
emperor
An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ( empress consort), mother ( ...
Leo I the Thracian
Leo I (; 401 – 18 January 474), also known as "the Thracian" ( la, Thrax; grc-gre, ο Θραξ),; grc-gre, Μακέλλης), referencing the murder of Aspar and his son. was Eastern Roman emperor from 457 to 474. He was a native of Dacia ...
in 458 after the killing of
Proterius of Alexandria
Hieromartyr Proterius of Alexandria (died 457) was Patriarch of Alexandria from 451 to 457. He had been appointed by the Council of Chalcedon to replace the deposed Dioscorus.
History
Proterius was elected by the Council of Chalcedon in 451 t ...
; Sisinnius was at the
Trullan Council
The Quinisext Council (Latin: ''Concilium Quinisextum''; Koine Greek: , ''Penthékti Sýnodos''), i.e. the Fifth-Sixth Council, often called the Council ''in Trullo'', Trullan Council, or the Penthekte Synod, was a church council held in 692 at ...
in 692; and another Sisinnius at the
Second Council of Nicaea
The Second Council of Nicaea is recognized as the last of the first seven ecumenical councils by the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church. In addition, it is also recognized as such by the Old Catholics, the Anglican Communion, an ...
in 787.
Latin bishopric
After the
Venetian
Venetian often means from or related to:
* Venice, a city in Italy
* Veneto, a region of Italy
* Republic of Venice (697–1797), a historical nation in that area
Venetian and the like may also refer to:
* Venetian language, a Romance language s ...
conquest of Crete in 1212, the existing dioceses, such as Chersonesus, were administered by
Latin Church
, native_name_lang = la
, image = San Giovanni in Laterano - Rome.jpg
, imagewidth = 250px
, alt = Façade of the Archbasilica of St. John in Lateran
, caption = Archbasilica of Saint Jo ...
bishops.
The line of residential Latin bishops of Chersonesus ended with the conquest of Crete by the
Ottomans
The Ottoman Turks ( tr, Osmanlı Türkleri), were the Turkic founding and sociopolitically the most dominant ethnic group of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299/1302–1922).
Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks remains scarce, ...
in 1669.
Titular see
No longer a residential bishopric, Chersonnesus in Creta is today listed by the
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide . It is am ...
as a
titular bishopric
A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbish ...
,
[''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ), p. 868] as such nominally restored in 1787 under the name 'Chersonesus', changed in 1933 to Chersonesus in Creta, avoiding confusing with other Latin sees called Chersonesus.
It is vacant, having had the following incumbents, all of the lowest (episcopal) rank :
* Karel Otčenášek (1950.03.30 – 1989.12.21) (later Archbishop)*
* Titular Bishop: Bishop Antonio Cardona Riera (later Archbishop) (1928.03.10 – 1950.02.02)
* Titular Bishop: Bishop Rafael Balanzá y Navarro (1923.08.13 – 1928.03.02)
* Titular Bishop: Bishop Marc Chatagnon (沙), M.E.P. (1887.01.25 – 1920.11.26)
* Titular Bishop: Bishop Johann Theodor Laurent (1839.09.17 – 1884.02.20)
* Titular Bishop: Bishop Viktor Franz Anton von Glutz-Ruchti (1820.05.29 – 1824.10.09)
* Titular Bishop: Bishop Ambrosi de Magistris (1818.10.02 – ?)
* Titular Bishop: Bishop
Johann Casimir von Häffelin (later Cardinal)* (1787.09.28 – 1818.04.06)
Municipality of Hersonissos
The municipality of Hersonissos was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 4 former municipalities, that became municipal units.
[ These were Episkopi, Gouves, Hersonissos and Malia.
The municipality has an area of , the municipal unit .]
Ancient remains
At the modern settlement of Hersonissos is the site of the ancient town of ''Chersonesos'', an important seaport from Classical Greece
Classical Greece was a period of around 200 years (the 5th and 4th centuries BC) in Ancient Greece,The "Classical Age" is "the modern designation of the period from about 500 B.C. to the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C." ( Thomas R. Marti ...
through Byzantine
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
times that served the city of Lyttos. The contemporaneous pleasure port is built over the remains of the Roman
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
* Rome, the capital city of Italy
* Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lett ...
port. Some traces of those remains, most of them submerged, are still visible in some places. On the seaside street there is a pyramidal Roman
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
* Rome, the capital city of Italy
* Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lett ...
fountain with mosaics of fishing scenes. On the top of the rocky hill behind the port stand the ruins of an early Christian basilica
In Ancient Roman architecture, a basilica is a large public building with multiple functions, typically built alongside the town's forum. The basilica was in the Latin West equivalent to a stoa in the Greek East. The building gave its nam ...
with floor mosaics.
The vicinity of Hersonissos is noted for its prehistoric archaeological
Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscap ...
finds. On the coast approximately one kilometer to the east of Hersonissos was an ancient temple dedicated to the goddess Britomartis
Britomartis (; grc-gre, Βριτόμαρτις) was a Greek goddess of mountains and hunting, who was primarily worshipped on the island of Crete. She was sometimes believed to be an oread, or a mountain nymph, but she was often conflated or sy ...
.
William Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography states:
The episcopal see associated with this town is now a titular see
A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbi ...
("Chersonesus in Creta") of the Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide . It is am ...
.
Tourism
Hersonissos is a resort area in Crete, which also hosts the only golf club on the island. Tourist sites include; the Hersonissos Aquarium, Labyrinth Theme Park, and the Dinosauria Park in Gournes. There are several beaches in Hersonissos, some with blue flag status. These include Potamos (blue flag) Karteros, Tobruk, Arina (municipal beach), Vathianos Kampos, Kokkini Hani, Gournes, Gouves, Apolselemis, Analipsi, Anissara (blue flag), Sarantaris (municipal beach), Hersonissos, Stalida, Klotsani, Malia and Potamos (municipal beach and blue flag).
Gallery
File:Agriana Village.jpg, alt=Village of Agriana, Agriana Village
File:Analipsi Village.jpg, alt=Analipsis, Analipsi
File:Anissaras Village.jpg, alt=Anisaras, Anissaras Village
File:Avdou Village.jpg, alt=Village of Avdou, Avdou village
File:Crete Golf Club.jpg, alt=Golf Club of Crete, Crete Golf Club
File:Gonies Village View.jpg, alt=Village of Gonies, Gonies Village
File:Hersonissos Coastline.jpg, alt=Hersonissos Coastline View, Hersonissos Coastline
File:Kera Village.jpg, alt=Kera Village, Village of Kera
File:Lychnostatis Open Air Museum.jpg, alt=Lychnostatis Open Air Cretan Museum, Lychnostatis Museum
File:Port of Hersonissos.jpg, alt=Port of Hersonissos, Hersonissos Port
File:Potamies Village.jpg, alt=Village of Potamies, Potamies Village
File:Water Parks.jpg, alt=Water Adventure, Water Parks
File:Panagia Kardiotissa.jpg, alt=Kardiotissa Panagia, Panagia Kardiotissa
File:Piskopiano Village.jpg, alt=Piskopiano Traditional Village, Koutouloufari Village
File:Window view in Hersonissos, Crete in 2012 view towards Thymarmi.jpg, alt=Window view towards Thymarmi
Line notes
Sources and external links
*
GCatholic.org
{{Authority control
Municipalities of Crete
Populated places in Heraklion (regional unit)