Heilpraktiker

''Heilpraktiker'' ("healing practitioner") is a naturopathic profession in Germany. It is recognized as an alternative and complementary health care profession by German law.

Profession in Germany

''Heilpraktiker'', or non-medical healing practitioner, is recognized as an alternative and complementary health care profession by German law. A ''heilpraktiker'' does not need to have any formal education or training but must do an exam at the health authorities. This exam used to be somewhat basic until the 1980s, at which time it was made to become much more demanding. A candidate needs to have good knowledge of medical sciences, such as anatomy, physiology and pathology and psychiatry; a good knowledge of law regulations is also needed. ''Heilpraktiker'' often specialize in a complementary and alternative field of healthcare that could be anything from faith healing, homeopathy, phytotherapy, Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, to reflexology or acupuncture. A ''heilpraktiker'' is a person who is allowed to practice as a non-medical practitioner using any unconventional therapy.

History

The profession of ''heilpraktiker'' is based on healing therapies beginning in the Middle Ages. The ''lîbarzet'' Jörg Radendorfer from Vienna received around 1496 rights in Frankfurt that were otherwise restricted to academic physicians, which were withdrawn in 1499 after protests of doctors and pharmacists, and the death of a patient. He then worked in Nuremberg from 1500 to around 1503.

After the First World War, the ''heilpraktiker'' began to organise. They formed an association "Verband der Heilkundigen Deutschlands" in Essen in 1920, which was renamed "Großverband der Heilpraktiker Deutschlands" (Great Association of the healing Practitioners of Germany" in 1928. By 1931, 22 organisations of ''heilpraktiker'' had been established. In 1933, the Nazi Reichsministerium des Innern appointed the ''heilpraktiker'' Ernst Heinrich as commissioner of the profession. Per the Gleichschaltung, all associations were combined in a central ''Heilpraktikerbund Deutschland'', with enforced rules for membership and education. The organisation published the magazine ''Der Heilpraktiker'' first in August 1933.

The Nazis promoted ''heilpraktiker'' as a counter within alternative medicine to the "occult" practices of anthroposophy. Alternative medicine researcher Edzard Ernst have written about the links between ''heilpraktiker'' and Nazism, and described it as "a relic from the Nazis that endangers public health" in a series of blog posts, also arguing against extension of the practice. ''Heilpraktiker'' have been identified as involved with fake cancer cures. A law regarding the profession of ''heilpraktiker'' was issued on 18 February 1939, named "Erste Durchführungsverordnung zum Gesetz über die berufsmäßige Ausübung der Heilkunde ohne Bestallung" (First regulation implementing the law on the professional practice of medicine without bestowal), or short: ''Heilpraktikergesetz.''

Organisation

According to the Statistisches Bundesamt, 45,000 ''heilpraktiker'' were accredited in Germany in 2017. They are organised in several associations which represent the interests of the profession and offer education and services. Several associations run schools.
* Allgemeiner Deutscher Heilpraktikerverband (ADHV)
* Arbeitsgemeinschaft Anthroposophischer Heilpraktiker-Berufsverband (AGAHP)
* Berufsverband Deutsche Naturheilkunde (BDN)
* Bund Deutscher Heilpraktiker (BDH)
* Bund Deutscher Heilpraktiker und Naturheilkundiger (BDHN)
* Fachverband Deutscher Heilpraktiker (FDH)
* Freie Heilpraktiker (FH)
* Freier Verband Deutscher Heilpraktiker (FVDH)
* Union Deutscher Heilpraktiker (UDH)
* Verband Deutscher Heilpraktiker (VDH)
* Verband Heilpraktiker Deutschland (VHD)
* Verband Unabhängiger Heilpraktiker (VUH)
* Vereinigung Christlicher Heilpraktiker (VCHP)

They collaborate in the organisation ''Die Deutschen Heilpraktikerverbände'' (The German ''Heilpraktiker'' Associations). Beginning in 2011, five associations have collaborated in the umbrella organisation ''Dachverband Deutscher Heilpraktikerverbände'' (DDH). The central organisation has published a magazine ''Volksheilkunde''.

Education

While there is no regulated curriculum to become ''heilpraktiker,'' several schools offer classes.

References

External links

*

Dachverband Deutscher Heilpraktikerverbände

Heilpraktiker: Why are they only available in Germany?, MedizinDoc NGO, 17. September 2019

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Naturopathy
Health care occupations