was a Japanese pathologist and archaeologist living in

Fukuoka is the sixth-largest city in Japan, the second-largest port city after Yokohama, and the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The city is built along the shores of Hakata Bay, and has been a center of international commerce since anc ...

Life

Heijiro Nakayama was born in 1871 in

Kyoto Kyoto (; Japanese language, Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin, Keihanshin metropolitan area along wi ...

City to a family of physicians. In 1874, he moved to Tokyo. During secondary school days, he was interested in archaeology and found remains, possibly, Yayoi pottery. He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine,

Tokyo Imperial University , abbreviated as or UTokyo, is a public research university located in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1877, the university was the first Imperial University and is currently a Top Type university of the Top Global University Project by ...

and studied in Germany between 1903 and 1906. In the same ship was Sunao Tawara, also a pathologist. Nakayama became Professor of Pathology, Kyushu Medical University of

Kyoto Imperial University , mottoeng = Freedom of academic culture , established = , type = Public (National) , endowment = ¥ 316 billion (2.4 billion USD) , faculty = 3,480 (Teaching Staff) , administrative_staff = 3,978 (Total Staff) , students = ...

, now

Kyushu University , abbreviated to , is a Japanese national university located in Fukuoka, on the island of Kyushu. It was the 4th Imperial University in Japan, ranked as 4th in 2020 Times Higher Education Japan University Rankings, one of the top 10 Design ...

at age 35. Nakayama's elder brother, Morihiko Nakayama served as Professor of Surgery at the same school. Nakayama's students included a Chinese physician

Guo Moruo Guo Moruo (; November 16, 1892 – June 12, 1978), courtesy name Dingtang (), was a Chinese author, poet, historian, archaeologist, and government official. Biography Family history Guo Moruo, originally named Guo Kaizhen, was born on November ...

and

Hakaru Hashimoto was a Japanese doctor and medical scientist of the Meiji and Taishō periods. He is best known for publishing the first description of the disease that was later named Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Biography Hashimoto was born on 5 May 1881, in th ...

. Hashimoto thanked Nakayama for his guidance in his paper which led to the name of

Hashimoto's thyroiditis Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease, is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed. Early on, symptoms may not be noticed. Over time, the thyroid may enlarg ...

. Nakayama studied the life cycle of

Schistosoma japonicum ''Schistosoma japonicum'' is an important parasite and one of the major infectious agents of schistosomiasis. This parasite has a very wide host range, infecting at least 31 species of wild mammals, including 9 carnivores, 16 rodents, one prima ...

Archaeology

In 1909, he was accidentally infected with pyogenic bacteria during an autopsy, but fortunately survived. Since then, he completely discontinued pathological studies and started archaeology. Sunao Tawara, Professor of Pathology, pathologist of another department of Kyushu University undertook pathological studies.

Taishō era

During the Taishō era (1912-1926), he exclusively wrote in ''Kohkogaku zasshi'' (Jpn J Archaeology), and he was criticized that he monopolized this journal, although this journal was open nationwide. In the early years of the Showa era, upon hearing the criticism, he discontinued his studies and turned to angling near his home, along the Hakata Bay. After the war, he taught archaeology to Dairoku Harada upon his return from military service.

Archaeological achievements

* Designation of Genko Borui. There was a long line of stone defense structure along the

Hakata Bay is a bay in the northwestern part of Fukuoka city, on the Japanese island of Kyūshū. It faces the Tsushima Strait, and features beaches and a port, though parts of the bay have been reclaimed in the expansion of the city of Fukuoka. The b ...

, constructed against possible attack of

Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...

and Nakayama named it Genko Borui in 1913. Previously it had been called Ishitsuiji. * He studied the site of

King of Na gold seal The King of Na gold seal ( ja, 漢委奴国王印) is a solid gold seal discovered in the year 1784 on Shikanoshima Island in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The seal is designated as a National Treasure of Japan. The seal is believed to have been ca ...

, a

national treasure of Japan Some of the National Treasures of Japan A is the most precious of Japan's Tangible Cultural Properties, as determined and designated by the Agency for Cultural Affairs (a special body of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Scien ...

which was given by China. It was discovered by a peasant on April 12, 1784 on

Shikanoshima Island is an island in Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. The island is known as the spot where the Gold Seal of the King of Na, a national treasure, was discovered. The island is about 11 kilometres around and connected to the Umi no Nakamichi (road) on t ...

, Fukuoka. It is now stored in the

Fukuoka city is the sixth-largest city in Japan, the second-largest port city after Yokohama, and the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The city is built along the shores of Hakata Bay, and has been a center of international commerce since ancie ...

Museum. * Discovery of various remains now considered belonging to the Yayoi era. * Proposal of the site of

Kōrokan The were guest houses for foreign ambassadors, traveling monks, and merchants that existed in Japan during the Heian period and earlier. These guest houses existed in Kyoto, Osaka, and Fukuoka. Only the location of the ''kōrokan'' in Fukuoka i ...

, Japanese Government Foreign Affairs Site in Hakata. He proposed that it was in the Fukuoka Castle and this was verified after excavation in 1987.

Papers

* Historic remains around Fukuoka, Fukuoka Nichi Nichi Shimbun, 1912. * The value of Genko Borui(Long stone fort against another invasion by Mongolia) in Fukuoka Nichi NichiShimbun, 1913. (He named the remains Genko Borui. * The remains of the Intermediate Period (corresponding to Yayoi Period), Kokogaku Zasshi, Vol 7, Nr.10,11, Vol.8, 1,3, 1917-1918. * Kohrokan, the foreign affairs bureau of Japan, is in the Fukuoka Castle. Kohkogaku Zasshi, 16,1926,17,1927. (1926-1927)

References