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Heiden is a village and a
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the ...
in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in
Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
. Its
Biedermeier The ''Biedermeier'' period was an era in Central Europe between 1815 and 1848 during which the middle class grew in number and the arts appealed to common sensibilities. It began with the Congress of Vienna at the end of the Napoleonic Wars in ...
village around the church square is listed as a heritage site of national significance.


History

Heiden is first mentioned in 1461 as ''guot genant Haiden''. Heiden,
Lutzenberg Lutzenberg is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. Its hamlet of Tobel is listed as a heritage site of national significance. History Lutzenberg is first mentioned in 1634 as ''Lutzenberg''. Lutzenberg, Heiden ...
, and
Wolfhalden Wolfhalden is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. History Wolfhalden, Heiden and Lutzenberg originally were parts of a single municipality named the Kurzenberg. Around 1650 Wolfhalden and Heiden could not ag ...
originally were parts of a single municipality named the Kurzenberg. Around 1650, Heiden and Wolfhalden could not agree about control over the local church. This led to the creation of a separate church in each village in 1652, making them independent. In 1658 the Kurzenberg was split into the three separate municipalities in defiance of the
canton Canton may refer to: Administrative division terminology * Canton (administrative division), territorial/administrative division in some countries, notably Switzerland * Township (Canada), known as ''canton'' in Canadian French Arts and ente ...
government. Their borders were officially established in 1666-67. The founder of the
Red Cross The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a Humanitarianism, humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million Volunteering, volunteers, members and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure re ...
,
Henry Dunant Henry Dunant (born Jean-Henri Dunant; 8 May 182830 October 1910), also known as Henri Dunant, was a Swiss humanitarian, businessman, and social activist. He was the visionary, promoter, and co-founder of the Red Cross. In 1901, he received the ...
, spent his last years in Heiden. The former president of the
ICRC The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC; french: Comité international de la Croix-Rouge) is a humanitarian organization which is based in Geneva, Switzerland, and it is also a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate. State parties (signato ...
,
Jakob Kellenberger Jakob Kellenberger (born 19 October 1944 in Heiden, Switzerland) is a former Swiss diplomat and former president of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Since 2013 he has been the president of swisspeace. Biography Jakob Kellen ...
, was also born in Heiden.


Geography

Heiden has an area, , of . Of this area, 52.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 30.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 16.8% is settled (buildings or roads), and the remainder (0.3%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciersm or mountains). The municipality is located in the former District of Vorderland on the Kurzenberg. It consists of the village of Heiden and several hamlets near the village.


Demographics

The historical population is given in the following table: Heiden had a population () of 4,052, of which about 18.3% were foreign nationals.Brief Statistics for the half-canton
accessed 15 September 2009
Over the previous 10 years, the population had decreased at a rate of -4.2%. Most of the population () spoke German (88.7%), with Croatian being second most common (5.9%), and Italian being third most common (1.1%).
accessed 15-Sep-2009
, the gender distribution of the population was 48.5% male, and 51.5% female. The age distribution, , in Heiden was; 311 people or 7.7% of the population were between 0–6 years old. 512 people or 12.6% were 6-15, and 219 people or 5.4% were 16-19. Of the adult population, 168 people or 4.1% of the population were between 20–24 years old. 1,179 people or 29.0% were 25-44, and 966 people or 23.8% were 45-64. The senior population distribution was 491 people or 12.1% of the population were between 65–79 years old, and 217 people or 5.3% were over 80.Appenzell Outer Rhodes website
accessed 15 September 2009
In the
2007 federal election This electoral calendar 2007 lists the national/federal direct elections held in 2007 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states and their dependent territories. Referendums are included, although they are not elections. By-elections are not ...
the FDP received 65% of the vote. In Heiden about 68.3% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a ''
Fachhochschule A ''Fachhochschule'' (; plural ''Fachhochschulen''), abbreviated FH, is a university of applied sciences (UAS), in other words a German tertiary education institution that provides professional education in many applied sciences and applied art ...
''). Heiden has an unemployment rate of 1.61%. , there were 93 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 37 businesses involved in this sector. 708 people were employed in the
secondary sector In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construc ...
and there were 41 businesses in this sector. 1,428 people were employed in the
tertiary sector The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the second ...
, with 189 businesses in this sector.


Transportation

A frequent
rack railway A rack railway (also rack-and-pinion railway, cog railway, or cogwheel railway) is a steep grade railway with a toothed rack rail, usually between the running rails. The trains are fitted with one or more cog wheels or pinions that mesh with t ...
, the Rorschach-Heiden-Bahn, leads from
Rorschach Rorschach may refer to: * Hermann Rorschach, a Swiss psychiatrist ** Rorschach test, his psychological evaluation method involving inkblots * Rorschach (character), a character from the comics ''Watchmen'' * Rorschach (comic book), a 2020 comic * R ...
next to
Lake Constance Lake Constance (german: Bodensee, ) refers to three bodies of water on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps: Upper Lake Constance (''Obersee''), Lower Lake Constance (''Untersee''), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Lak ...
, below, to Heiden. Heiden is also connected by several frequent Swiss PostAuto lines.


Notable residents

*
Henry Dunant Henry Dunant (born Jean-Henri Dunant; 8 May 182830 October 1910), also known as Henri Dunant, was a Swiss humanitarian, businessman, and social activist. He was the visionary, promoter, and co-founder of the Red Cross. In 1901, he received the ...
(1828–1910), co-founder of the
Red Cross The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a Humanitarianism, humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million Volunteering, volunteers, members and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure re ...
, received the first Nobel Peace Prize. *
Heinrich Frenkel Heinrich Simon Frenkel (June 5, 1860, in Heiden, Switzerland – April 21, 1931, in Dresden- Loschwitz) was a Swiss physician and neurologist born in Heiden, a town overlooking Lake Constance. He was an early practitioner of neuro- rehabilitation, ...
(1860-1931), neurologist *
Sonja Nef Sonja Nef (born 19 April 1972) is a Swiss former alpine skier. Nef was women's World Champion in Giant Slalom in 2001. She won the 2001 and 2002 World Cup in Giant Slalom. At the 2002 Winter Olympics The 2002 Winter Olympics, officiall ...
(born 1972), Olympic skier * Carlo Schmid-Sutter (born 1950), politician * Hugo Thiemann (1917-2012), research and development manager *
Ruth Westheimer Karola Ruth Westheimer ( Siegel; born June 4, 1928), better known as Dr. Ruth, is a German-American sex therapist, talk show host, author, professor, Holocaust survivor, and former Haganah sniper. Westheimer was born in Germany to a Jewish fam ...
(born Karola Siegel, 1928; known as "Dr. Ruth"), German-American
sex therapist Sex therapy is a strategy for the improvement of sexual function and treatment of sexual dysfunction. This includes sexual dysfunctions such as premature ejaculation or delayed ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, lack of sexual interest or arousa ...
, talk show host, author, professor,
Holocaust survivor Holocaust survivors are people who survived the Holocaust, defined as the persecution and attempted annihilation of the Jews by Nazi Germany and its allies before and during World War II in Europe and North Africa. There is no universally accep ...
, and former
Haganah Haganah ( he, הַהֲגָנָה, lit. ''The Defence'') was the main Zionist paramilitary organization of the Jewish population ("Yishuv") in Mandatory Palestine between 1920 and its disestablishment in 1948, when it became the core of the I ...
sniper.


References

{{Authority control Cultural property of national significance in Appenzell Ausserrhoden Municipalities of Appenzell Ausserrhoden