He Fenglin (;

courtesy name A courtesy name (), also known as a style name, is a name bestowed upon one at adulthood in addition to one's given name. This practice is a tradition in the East Asian cultural sphere, including China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.Ulrich Theob ...

Maoru (); 1873–1935) was a general in the Republic of China. He belonged to the

Anhui clique The Anhui clique () was a military and political organization, one of several mutually hostile cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang clique in the Republic of China's Warlord Era. It was named after Anhui province because several of its ...

and the

Fengtian clique The Fengtian clique () was one of several opposing military factions that constituted the early Republic of China during its Warlord Era. It was named after Fengtian Province (now Liaoning), and operated from a territorial base comprising the th ...

Biography

Born in

Pingyin Pingyin County () is under the administration of Jinan, the capital of Shandong province, People's Republic of China. The ancient Kingdom of Jibei was located to the northeast of present-day Pingyin County. Pingyin has an area of 827 square ...

, Shandong, He Fenglin graduated the Beiyang Military Academy (), then entered the

New Army The New Armies ( Traditional Chinese: 新軍, Simplified Chinese: 新军; Pinyin: Xīnjūn, Manchu: ''Ice cooha''), more fully called the Newly Created Army ( ''Xinjian Lujun''Also translated as "Newly Established Army" ()), was the modernised ...

(). Later he was promoted to be 15th regimental commander of the 8th Brigade, the 4th Division (). In May 1912 He Fenglin was promoted to be Commander of the 8th Brigade of the 4th Division. In next year he was transferred to Commander of the 7th Brigade of the 4th Division. When

Yuan Shikai Yuan Shikai (; 16 September 1859 – 6 June 1916) was a Chinese military and government official who rose to power during the late Qing dynasty and eventually ended the Qing dynasty rule of China in 1912, later becoming the Emperor of China. H ...

ascended to the throne in 1915, He Fenglin was awarded the title third-class Baron. After the death of Yuan Shikai in 1916, He Fenglin belonged to the

, commanded by Lu Yongxiang. In January 1917, He became Military Commissioner of the Ningtai (

Ningbo Ningbo (; Ningbonese: ''gnin² poq⁷'' , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), formerly romanized as Ningpo, is a major sub-provincial city in northeast Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. It comprises 6 urban districts, 2 sate ...

and Taizhou),

Zhejiang Zhejiang ( or , ; , Chinese postal romanization, also romanized as Chekiang) is an East China, eastern, coastal Provinces of China, province of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Hangzhou, and other notable citie ...

(). In 1920, he was appointed acting Defense Commissioner of

Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowin ...

() and Commander of the 6th Mixed Brigade. In 1924, on the First Jiangsu-Zhejiang War (), he participated as Commander of the 1st Army of the Shanghai United Army (). During the war, Lu was defeated by

Qi Xieyuan Qi Xieyuan (; April 28, 1885 - December 18, 1946), born Qi Ying, with a courtesy name of Qi Fuwan and the art name of Yaoshan, was a general of the military of the Republic of China and a warlord of the Zhili clique. He defected to the Japanese ...

() and

Sun Chuanfang Sun Chuanfang () (April 17, 1885 – November 13, 1935) a.k.a. the "Nanking Warlord" or leader of the "League of Five Provinces" was a Zhili clique warlord and protégé of the "Jade Marshal" Wu Peifu (1874–1939). Biography Sun Chuanfang ...

, so He also withdrew and escaped to

Tianjin Tianjin (; ; Mandarin: ), alternately romanized as Tientsin (), is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China, with a total popu ...

. Later, he participated in the

. When

Zhang Zuolin Zhang Zuolin (; March 19, 1875 June 4, 1928), courtesy name Yuting (雨亭), nicknamed Zhang Laogang (張老疙瘩), was an influential Chinese bandit, soldier, and warlord during the Warlord Era in China. The warlord of Manchuria from 1916 to ...

became Generalissimo, in June 1927, He Fenglin was catapulted to Minister of War, and also held the position of Supreme Commander of the Model Army Corps of the

Anguojun The National Pacification Army (NPA), also known as the Anguojun or Ankuochun (), was a warlord coalition led by Fengtian clique General Zhang Zuolin, and was the military arm of the Beiyang government of the Republic of China. The army was ...

(). In April 1927, he was appointed Presiding Judge of the Military Tribunal, and passed a death sentence (by hanging) on

Li Dazhao Li Dazhao or Li Ta-chao (October 29, 1889 – April 28, 1927) was a Chinese intellectual and revolutionary who participated in the New Cultural Movement in the early years of the Republic of China, established in 1912. He co-founded the Chinese C ...

, the founder of the

Communist Party of China The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil ...

. After the collapse of the Beijing Government in June of the next year, He Fenglin resigned from his posts and escaped to the Northeast. In 1931 he was appointed Chief of the Councilor of the Commander‐in‐Chief's Office, Northeast Border Defence Army (). He Fenglin died in 1935. In 1936, he was posthumously promoted to lieutenant general ().By the Website of the Information about Shandong Province. According to Xu Youchun (main ed.), p.682 and Lai Xinxia (etc.), p.1133, He Fenglin was appointed to the chief of Aide-de-camp of the North China Political Council () in 1938. But on that time, this Council didn't exist (this Council was the

Wang Jingwei regime The Wang Jingwei regime or the Wang Ching-wei regime is the common name of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China ( zh , t = 中華民國國民政府 , p = Zhōnghuá Mínguó Guómín Zhèngfǔ ), the government of the pu ...

's organization, and the Wang Jingwei regime was established in March 1940).

References

Footnotes

* "Pingyin Town" - "Introduction about People" ()
The Website of the Information about Shandong Province ()(The Website of the Office of the Shandong Local History ()) * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:He, Fenglin People from Jinan National Revolutionary Army generals from Shandong Military personnel of the Republic of China in the Second Sino-Japanese War 1873 births 1935 deaths