He Changling () (March 18, 1785—July 6, 1848),

courtesy name A courtesy name (), also known as a style name, is a name bestowed upon one at adulthood in addition to one's given name. This practice is a tradition in the East Asian cultural sphere, including China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.Ulrich Theo ...

Ougen (), was a Chinese

scholar A scholar is a person who pursues academic and intellectual activities, particularly academics who apply their intellectualism into expertise in an area of study. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researc ...

and official of the

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...

from Changsha, Hunan. In 1808, he obtained the highest degree in the

imperial examination The imperial examination (; lit. "subject recommendation") refers to a civil-service examination system in Imperial China, administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy. The concept of choosing bureaucrats by ...

and the following year he entered the prestigious

Hanlin Academy The Hanlin Academy was an academic and administrative institution of higher learning founded in the 8th century Tang China by Emperor Xuanzong in Chang'an. Membership in the academy was confined to an elite group of scholars, who performed sec ...

Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 2 ...

. Drawing on his extensive experience in the Qing government, he became a prominent spokesman of the statecraft school, which was concerned with the practical application of

Confucian Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or a ...

scholarship. One of He Changling's students was Zuo Zongtang.

Huangchao Jingshi Wenbian

Together with Wei Yuan, He Changling edited an influential anthology on statecraft, known as the "Collected essays about statecraft of the Qing" (, ''Qīng Jīngshì Wénbiān''), originally titled ''Huángcháo Jīngshì Wénbiān'' (). 120 scrolls long, the collection includes more than 2000 documents about practical issues of governance, based on the editors' experience from the beginning of the Qing dynasty until the Daoguang era in the mid-Qing dynasty. A similar book existed for the

Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han peo ...

, called the '' Ming Jingshi Wenbian''. The ''Wenbian'' contained eight chapters and 56 subchapters: # Education (, ''Xuéshù'') # Human resources (, ''Zhìtǐ'') # Officialdom (, ''Lìzhèng'') # Ministry of Revenue (, ''Hùzhèng'') # Ministry of Rites (, ''Lǐzhèng'') # Ministry of War (, ''Bīngzhèng'') # Ministry of Justice (, ''Xíngzhèng'') # Ministry of Works (, ''Gōngzhèng'')

References

* Chinese scholars Qing dynasty politicians from Hunan Politicians from Changsha 1785 births 1848 deaths Writers from Changsha Qing dynasty writers Viceroys of Yun-Gui {{China-politician-stub