Haplogroup F is a

human mitochondrial DNA Human mitochondrial genetics is the study of the genetics of human mitochondrial DNA (the DNA contained in human mitochondria). The human mitochondrial genome is the entirety of hereditary information contained in human mitochondria. Mitochondri ...

(mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade is most common in

East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The modern states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. China, North Korea, South Korea and ...

and

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...

.Supannee Kaewsutthi, Nopasak Phasukkijwatana, Yutthana Joyjinda ''et al.'', "Mitochondrial Haplogroup Background May Influence Southeast Asian G11778A Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy", ''Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science'', June 2011, Vol. 52, No. 7 It has not been found among Native Americans.Haplogroup F.
/ref> It is a primary branch of haplogroup R9.

Distribution

The F haplogroup is fairly common in

. High frequencies of the clade are found among the Lahu from

Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is ...

(33% - 77%, average 52%),

Nicobar Islands The Nicobar Islands are an archipelagic island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean. They are located in Southeast Asia, northwest of Aceh on Sumatra, and separated from Thailand to the east by the Andaman Sea. Located southeast of the Indian s ...

(50%),

Shors Shors or Shorians ( Shor: , ''shor-kizhi'', , ''tadar-kizhi'', , ''shor'', , ''tadar'', , ''shor-kizhiler'', , ''tadar-kizhiler'', , ''shorlar'', , ''tadarlar'') are a Turkic ethnic group native to Kemerovo Oblast of Russia. Their self design ...

from

Kemerovo Oblast Kemerovo Oblast — Kuzbass (russian: Ке́меровская о́бласть — Кузба́сс, translit=Kemerovskaya oblast — Kuzbass, ), also known simply as Kemerovo Oblast (russian: Ке́меровская о́бласть, label=non ...

of Siberia (41%), and

Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh (, ) is a state in Northeastern India. It was formed from the erstwhile North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and became a state on 20 February 1987. It borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south. It shares int ...

, India (31%). There is also an important frequency in

Taiwanese aborigines Taiwanese may refer to: * Taiwanese language, another name for Taiwanese Hokkien * Something from or related to Taiwan ( Formosa) * Taiwanese aborigines, the indigenous people of Taiwan * Han Taiwanese, the Han people of Taiwan * Taiwanese people, ...

Khakas The Khakas (also spelled Khakass; Khakas: , ''khakas'', , ''tadar'', , ''khakastar'', , ''tadarlar'') are a Turkic indigenous people of Siberia, who live in the republic of Khakassia, Russia. They speak the Khakas language. The Khakhassian ...

Kets Kets (russian: Кеты; Ket: Ostygan) are a tribe of Yeniseian speaking people in Siberia. During the Russian Empire, they were known as Ostyaks, without differentiating them from several other Siberian people. Later, they became known as ''Ye ...

Han Chinese The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctive va ...

(and, thus, nearly all of China),

Lombok Lombok is an island in West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. It forms part of the chain of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with the Lombok Strait separating it from Bali to the west and the Alas Strait between it and Sumbawa to the east. It is rou ...

Sumba Sumba ( id, Pulau Sumba) is an island in eastern Indonesia. It is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands and is in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. Sumba has an area of , and the population was 779,049 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as a ...

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...

, and

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

. Its distribution extends with low frequency to the Tharu of southern

Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...

and the

Bashkirs , native_name_lang = bak , flag = File:Bashkirs of Baymak rayon.jpg , flag_caption = Bashkirs of Baymak in traditional dress , image = , caption = , population = approx. 2 million , popplace ...

of the southern

Urals The Ural Mountains ( ; rus, Ура́льские го́ры, r=Uralskiye gory, p=ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ; ba, Урал тауҙары) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through European ...

.M. A. Bermisheva, K. Tambets, R. Villems, and E. K. Khusnutdinova, "Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups in Ethnic Populations of the Volga–Ural Region", ''Molecular Biology'' Vol. 36, No. 6, 2002, pp. 802–812. Translated from ''Molekulyarnaya Biologiya'', Vol. 36, No. 6, 2002, pp. 990–1001. Haplogroup F also occurs at low frequencies on the Comoros Islands (<10%). It is also found at low frequencies on The

Hvar Hvar (; Chakavian: ''Hvor'' or ''For'', el, Φάρος, Pharos, la, Pharia, it, Lesina) is a Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea, located off the Dalmatian coast, lying between the islands of Brač, Vis and Korčula. Approximately long, wi ...

island in Croatia (8.3%).

Table of Frequencies of MtDNA Haplogroup F

Subclades

F1a clearly predominates among the representatives of haplogroup F in

, but subclades of this haplogroup have been found in populations as far north as the

Buryats The Buryats ( bua, Буряад, Buryaad; mn, Буриад, Buriad) are a Mongolic peoples, Mongolic ethnic group native to southeastern Siberia who speak the Buryat language. They are one of the two largest indigenous groups in Siberia, the oth ...

and

Ulchi Ulchsky District (russian: У́льчский райо́н) is an administrativeResolution #143-pr and municipalLaw #194 district (raion), one of the administrative divisions of Khabarovsk Krai, seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is locat ...

of Siberia. F1b tends to become more frequent as a fraction of total F in populations of the northern parts of

and

Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...

, such as

Mongols The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal membe ...

Kazakhs The Kazakhs (also spelled Qazaqs; Kazakh: , , , , , ; the English name is transliterated from Russian; russian: казахи) are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group native to northern parts of Central Asia, chiefly Kazakhstan, but also parts o ...

Uyghurs The Uyghurs; ; ; ; zh, s=, t=, p=Wéiwú'ěr, IPA: ( ), alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia. The Uyghur ...

, and

Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...

. It also has been found among the

Yi people The Yi or Nuosu people,; zh, c=彝族, p=Yízú, l=Yi ethnicity historically known as the Lolo,; vi, Lô Lô; th, โล-โล, Lo-Lo are an ethnic group An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with eac ...

. There are odd exclaves of F1b in Gaininsk

Perm Oblast Until 1 December 2005, Perm Oblast (russian: Пе́рмская о́бласть) was a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) in Privolzhsky (Volga) Federal District. According to the results of the referendum held in October 2004, Perm Oblast was ...

and

Croats The Croats (; hr, Hrvati ) are a South Slavic ethnic group who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language. They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries, namely Austria, the Czech Republic, G ...

of Hvar Island. F1d is the second most frequent sub-clade in Newar (Nepal). Haplogroup F1d reaches the greatest proportion in Newar (11.97%) of Nepal and Kshatriya (16%) of North India. F2 has been found mainly in the form of F2a, which has been observed in more than 10% of a couple samples of Nu and

Lisu Lisu may refer to: *Lisu people, an ethnic group of Southeast Asia *Lisu language, spoken by the Lisu people * Old Lisu Alphabet or Fraser Alphabet *Lisu syllabary * Lisu (Unicode block), the block of Unicode characters for the Lisu language. *Lisu ...

from

Gongshan Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County (; Lisu: ꓗꓳꓹ-ꓢ ꓔꓴꓽ-ꓡꓳꓽ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓠꓳꓸ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓚꓲꓸ ꓛꓬꓽ ꓗꓪꓼ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓫꓯꓹ; Derung: Koksang, the name has nothing to do with the Derung language for Gaoligong ...

. F2 has been found with frequencies exceeding 5% in several other populations of

Southwest China Southwest China () is a region in the south of the People's Republic of China. Geography Southwest China is a rugged and mountainous region, transitioning between the Tibetan Plateau to the west and the Chinese coastal hills (东南丘陵) and ...

Guangxi Guangxi (; ; Chinese postal romanization, alternately romanized as Kwanghsi; ; za, Gvangjsih, italics=yes), officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR), is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the People's Republic ...

, and

Hainan Hainan (, ; ) is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of various islands in the South China Sea. , the largest and most populous island in China,The island of Taiwan, which is slightly l ...

, including the

Han Han may refer to: Ethnic groups * Han Chinese, or Han People (): the name for the largest ethnic group in China, which also constitutes the world's largest ethnic group. ** Han Taiwanese (): the name for the ethnic group of the Taiwanese p ...

majority population. Outside of southwestern China, F2 has been found with frequency greater than 5% in a sample of Oirat

from

Xinjiang Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest ...

and a sample of

from

Khakassia Khakassia (russian: Хакасия; kjh, Хакасия, Хакас Чирі, ''Khakasiya'', ''Khakas Çiri''), officially the Republic of Khakassia (russian: Республика Хакасия, r=Respublika Khakasiya, ; kjh, Хакас Рес ...

, with the former population boasting particularly high diversity within this clade. F3 is especially common among

Austronesian peoples The Austronesian peoples, sometimes referred to as Austronesian-speaking peoples, are a large group of peoples in Taiwan, Maritime Southeast Asia, Micronesia, coastal New Guinea, Island Melanesia, Polynesia, and Madagascar that speak Austro ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...

and the

Malay Archipelago The Malay Archipelago (Indonesian/Malay: , tgl, Kapuluang Malay) is the archipelago between mainland Indochina and Australia. It has also been called the " Malay world," "Nusantara", "East Indies", Indo-Australian Archipelago, Spices Archipe ...

, but it also has been found in many populations of

and

South-Central China South Central China, South-Central China or Central-South China ( zh, c = 中南, p = Zhōngnán, l = Central-South), is a region of the People's Republic of China defined by State Council that includes the provinces of Guangdong, Hainan, He ...

, and in a sample of Hans from

. F4 has been found mainly in aboriginal populations of

and

, with some representatives among samples of Filipinos from

Luzon Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...

, Indonesians from

Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...

, and Hans and Uzbeks from

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup F subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser ''Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation'' and subsequent published research. *F **F* – China, KoreaHwan Young Lee, Ji-Eun Yoo, Myung Jin Park, Ukhee Chung, Chong-Youl Kim, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: Haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control region sequence analysis." ''Electrophoresis'' (2006). DOI 10.1002/elps.200600151. **F1 ***F1a'c'f – Thailand ( Kaleun in Nakhon Phanom ProvinceWibhu Kutanan, Jatupol Kampuansai, Metawee Srikummool, Daoroong Kangwanpong, Silvia Ghirotto, Andrea Brunelli, and Mark Stoneking, "Complete mitochondrial genomes of Thai and Lao populations indicate an ancient origin of Austroasiatic groups and demic diffusion in the spread of Tai–Kadai languages." ''Hum Genet'' 2016 DOI 10.1007/s00439-016-1742-y.), China, Korea, Kazakhstan ****F1a – China, Korea, Uyghur, Thailand *****F1a1'4 – Thailand ( Khon Mueang in Chiang Rai Province), China ******F1a1 – Japan, Korea, China, Ulchi, Uyghur, Vietnam (incl. Cờ Lao), Laos, Thailand, Indonesia, Mexico *******F1a1a – Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, China (Zhanjiang, ''etc.''), Tibet, Indonesia ********F1a1a1 – Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Nicobar Islands, Malay, Indonesia, China, Uyghur *******F1a1b – Japan, Korea *******F1a1c – Zhuang (Bama), Thailand, Tibet, Buryats (Inner Mongolia and Irkutsk Oblast), Japan ********F1a1c1 – Moken ********F1a1c2 – Japan, Xibo, China (Shanghai) *******F1a1d – Thailand, China, Taiwan (Tsou, Bunun, Rukai), Philippines ********F1a1d1 –

Tao ''Tao'' or ''Dao'' is the natural order of the universe, whose character one's intuition must discern to realize the potential for individual wisdom, as conceived in the context of East Asian philosophy, East Asian religions, or any other phil ...

(Orchid Island) ******F1a4 *******F1a4a – Thailand, Han Chinese (Denver), Ulchi ********F1a4a1 – Taiwan (Tsou, Makatao, Bunun, Ami, ''etc.''), Philippines (Ivatan, Ibaloi, Abaknon,

Bugkalot The Bugkalot (also Ilongot or Ibilao) are a tribe inhabiting the southern Sierra Madre and Caraballo Mountains, on the east side of Luzon in the Philippines, primarily in the provinces of Nueva Vizcaya and Nueva Ecija and along the mountain bor ...

, Kalangoya, Dulag, ''etc.''), Guam, Malaysia (

Kelantan Malay Kelantan-Pattani Malay (; ; in Pattani; in Kelantan) is an Austronesian language of the Malayic subfamily spoken in the Malaysian state of Kelantan and the neighbouring southernmost provinces of Thailand. It is the primary spoken language of ...

), Sumatra, Vietnam (

Dao Dao, Dão or DAO may refer to: * Tao (Chinese: "The Way" 道), a philosophical concept * Dao (Chinese sword) (刀), a type of Chinese sword * Dao (Naga sword), a weapon and a tool of Naga people People and language * Yao people, a minority ethni ...

), Thailand ( Khon Mueang in Mae Hong Son Province and Chiang Mai Province), South Africa *******F1a4b – China *****F1a2 – Thailand, Vietnam (Hmong), China (Guizhou) ******F1a2a – Thailand (Phutai in Sakon Nakhon Province, Nyaw in Nakhon Phanom Province, Mon in Lopburi Province), China (Han in Zhanjiang, Dong, ''etc.'') *****F1a3 – Thailand, Uyghur ******F1a3a – Filipino (

Lipa City Lipa (), officially the City of Lipa ( fil, Lungsod ng Lipa), is a 1st class component city in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 372,931 people. It is the first city charter in the pro ...

), Indonesia *******F1a3a1 – Japan ********F1a3a1a – Japan, Korea *******F1a3a2 – Philippines ( Ivatan) *******F1a3a3 – Taiwan ( Tsou, Bunun, Makatao, Thao), Philippines ( Ivatan) ****F1c – Japan *****F1c1 – Japan ******F1c1a – Korea, Xinjiang, Tibet, Jammu and Kashmir, Thailand (Palaung in Chiang Mai Province, Khmu in Nan Province, Khon Mueang in Lampang Province) *******F1c1a1 – Russia, China (Qingdao, ''etc.''), Evenk (New Barag Left Banner), Oroqen, Zhuang (Bama), Taiwan (Minnan) ********F1c1a1a – Tibet (Shannan, Sherpa, ''etc.''), Yi ********F1c1a1b – China *******F1c1a2 – Tibet, Thailand, China (Chongqing), India ****F1f – Thailand, China, Lahu, Myanmar, Tibet, Cambodia, Vietnam (Hmong) ***F1b - Korea ****F1b1 – China, Tibet (Shigatse, ''etc.''), Ladakh, Uyghur (Artux, ''etc.''), Kyrgyz, Azeri, Kurd (Iran), Armenian, Turkey, Russia, Croatia *****F1b1a – Japan, Korea, Uyghur ******F1b1a1 – Japan, Korea *******F1b1a1a – Japan, Korea, USA (African American)Rebecca S Just, Melissa K Scheible, Spence A Fast, ''et al.'', "Full mtGenome reference data: development and characterization of 588 forensic-quality haplotypes representing three U.S. populations." ''Forensic Sci Int Genet.'' 2015 Jan;14:141-55. doi: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.09.021. Epub 2014 Oct 5. ********F1b1a1a1 – Japan, Korea *********F1b1a1a1a – Japan ********F1b1a1a2 – Japan, Korea ********F1b1a1a3 – Japan ******F1b1a2 – Japan, Korea *****F1b1b – Yakut, Uyghur, Kyrgyz, Turk, Even ( Sakkyryyr,

Tompo The Tompo (russian: Томпо) is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia, a right tributary of the Aldan, part of the Lena basin. River Tompo gives its name to the Tompo District. It flows across desolate regions, Topolinoye being the ...

), Korea *****F1b1c – China, Yi, Buryat *****F1b1d – Japan, Korea *****F1b1e – Uyghur, Kyrgyz, Buryat, Oroqen, Russian (

Sverdlovsk Oblast Sverdlovsk Oblast ( rus, Свердловская область, Sverdlovskaya oblast) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia located in the Ural Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as S ...

) ******F1b1e1 – Yakut *****F1b1f – China, Uyghur, Buryat (

Buryat Republic Buryatia, officially the Republic of Buryatia (russian: Республика Бурятия, r=Respublika Buryatiya, p=rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə bʊˈrʲætʲɪjə; bua, Буряад Улас, Buryaad Ulas, , mn, Буриад Улс, Buriad Uls), is ...

), Yakut (

Namsky District Namsky District (russian: На́мский улу́с; sah, Нам улууһа, ''Nam uluuha'') is an administrativeConstitution of the Sakha Republic, Article 45 and municipalLaw #172-Z #351-III district (raion, or ''ulus''), one of the t ...

), Evenk (Stony Tunguska River basin), Hungary (ancient Avars) ***F1d – China, Taiwan (Minnan, ''etc.''), Tibet (Lhasa, ''etc.''), Thailand ( Mon in Kanchanaburi Province), Japan, Kyrgyz (Artux), Hezhen, ancient Scythian ****F1d1 – Tibet, Nepal (Tharu), Newar of Nepal (12%), Myanmar, Thailand ( Mon in Kanchanaburi Province), China, Japan, South Africa ***F1e – Thailand ****F1e1 – China (Han from Hunan) *****F1e1a – Japan ****F1e2 – China, Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan) ****F1e3 – China (Shantou, ''etc.''), Laos ( Lao in Vientiane), Thailand ( Phuan in Lopburi Province and Phichit Province), Sumatra ***F1g – Tibet, Thailand ( Phuan in Lopburi Province, Sukhothai Province, and Phichit Province), China, Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan) ****F1g1 – China (Yunnan, ''etc.''), Vietnam (Hmong,

), Nepal (Newar, 2.4%) **F2 ***F2* – Laos ( Lao in Vientiane), China, Hong Kong, Uyghur (Artux) ***F2a'b'g ****F2a – China (Han from Beijing, Xinjiang, ''etc.''), Taiwan (Makatao), Korea, Japan, Kazakhstan *****F2a1 – China (Han from Shandong), Naxi, Bai, Nu, Tu (

Monguor Mongour, formerly also known by various names including Tu and Dchiahour, may refer to: * Monguor people * Monguor language The Monguor language (; also written Mongour and Mongor) is a Mongolic language of its Shirongolic branch and is part of ...

),Kong, Q.P., Yao, Y.G., Sun, C., Zhu, C.L., Zhong, L., Wang, C.Y., Cai, W.W., Xu, X.M., Xu, A.L. and Zhang, Y.P., 2004. Phylogeographic analysis of mitochondrial DNA haplogroup F2 in China reveals T12338C in the initiation codon of the ND5 gene not to be pathogenic. Journal of human genetics, 49(8), p.414. Yi,

Tibetan Tibetan may mean: * of, from, or related to Tibet * Tibetan people, an ethnic group * Tibetan language: ** Classical Tibetan, the classical language used also as a contemporary written standard ** Standard Tibetan, the most widely used spoken dial ...

*****F2a2 – China (Han from Zhanjiang, ''etc.''), Miao (Guizhou), Kinh (Guangxi), Dai and Lisu (Yunnan) *****F2a3 – China (Han from Xinjiang, Yunnan, Qinghai, and Shandong), Tu, Hui, Mongols in Inner Mongolia ****F2b – China (Han from Qingdao), Taiwan (Hakka) *****F2b1 – Thailand ( Lao Isan in Roi Et Province and Chaiyaphum Province, Khon Mueang in Lampang Province), China (Han from Beijing, Xinjiang, ''etc.''), Buryat (Irkutsk Oblast), Yakut, Even (NE Sakha Republic), Yukaghir (NE Sakha Republic),Sardana A Fedorova, Maere Reidla, Ene Metspalu, ''et al.'', "Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia." ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 2013, 13:127. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/127 Nepal (Newar, 1.1%) ****F2g – China, Ladakh ***F2c – China ****F2c1 – China (Shantou, ''etc.''), Japan ****F2c2 – China (Han from Beijing), Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz) ***F2d – China, Uyghur, Thailand (Khon Mueang in Chiang Mai Province and Lamphun Province), Singapore, Japan, Kazakhstan ***F2e – China, Thailand (Tai Yuan in Uttaradit Province, Phuan in Phrae Province and Lopburi Province, Khon Mueang in Chiang Mai Province), Vietnam (

) ****F2e1 – China, Barghut (Hulun Buir) ***F2f – Japan, Korea, China, Pakistan ( Hazara), Azerbaijan (Astara),

Bashkortostan The Republic of Bashkortostan or Bashkortostan ( ba, Башҡортостан Республикаһы, Bashqortostan Respublikahy; russian: Республика Башкортостан, Respublika Bashkortostan),; russian: Респу́блик� ...

( Bashkir), Poland ***F2h'i – China ****F2h – China, Tibet (Lhasa), Taiwan, Thailand (

Tai Dam The Tai Dam ( Tai Dam: , lo, ໄຕດຳ, th, ไทดำ) are an ethnic minority predominantly from China, northwest Vietnam, Laos, Thailand. They are part of the Tai peoples and ethnically similar to the Thai from Thailand, the Lao from ...

in Kanchanaburi Province) ****F2i – China, Taiwan (Makatao), Korea **F3 (formerly R9a) ***F3a – China (Han from Ili, ''etc.''), Uyghur, Thailand ****F3a1 – China (Han from Yunnan, Guizhou, Shantou,

Lanzhou Lanzhou (, ; ) is the capital and largest city of Gansu Province in Northwest China. Located on the banks of the Yellow River, it is a key regional transportation hub, connecting areas further west by rail to the eastern half of the country. H ...

,Hongbin Yao, Mengge Wang, Xing Zou, ''et al.'', "New insights into the fine-scale history of western-eastern admixture of the northwestern Chinese population in the Hexi Corridor via genome-wide genetic legacy." ''Mol Genet Genomics'' 2021 Mar 1. doi: 10.1007/s00438-021-01767-0. ''etc.''), Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan), Taiwan (Hakka, ''etc.''), Thailand ( Phuan in Suphan Buri Province, Shan in Mae Hong Son Province, Khon Mueang in Chiang Rai Province, Mae Hong Son Province, Chiang Mai Province, Lamphun Province, and Lampang Province), Vietnam (

Hmong Hmong may refer to: * Hmong people, an ethnic group living mainly in Southwest China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand * Hmong cuisine * Hmong customs and culture ** Hmong music ** Hmong textile art * Hmong language, a continuum of closely related to ...

) ***F3b – Thailand, Japan, Korea, China (Han from Qijiang), Yi ****F3b1 – Philippines, Comoros (Comorian from Grande Comore), USA *****F3b1a – Taiwan (Rukai, Puyuma, Paiwan, Tsou, Makatao, Bunun, Ami, ''etc.''), Philippines (

Maranao The Maranao people (Maranao: mәranaw Filipino: ''Maranaw''), also spelled Meranao, Maranaw, and Mëranaw, is the term used by the Philippine government to refer to the southern indigenous people who are the "people of the lake", a predomi ...

) ******F3b1a1 – Philippines (Bugkalot), Indonesia ******F3b1a2 – Taiwan (Puyuma, Bunun, Paiwan, ''etc.'') *****F3b1b – Madagascar, Sumatra, Philippines (Batak from Palawan Island) ******F3b1b1 – Philippines (Ibaloi, Kankanaey, Ifugao), Spain, Denmark **F4 ***F4a – Thailand/Laos, China, Taiwan, Korea ****F4a1 *****F4a1a – Japan, China (

from

She She most commonly refers to: *She (pronoun), the third person singular, feminine, nominative case pronoun in modern English. She or S.H.E. may also refer to: Literature and films *'' She: A History of Adventure'', an 1887 novel by H. Rider Hagga ...

), Taiwan *****F4a1b – China, Japan ****F4a2 – China, Laos ( Lao in Vientiane and Luang Prabang), Thailand ( Phuan in Lopburi Province, Nyah Kur in Chaiyaphum Province, Khon Mueang in Lamphun Province) ***F4b – China (Han from Beijing), Thailand ( Khon Mueang in Mae Hong Son Province, Lao Isan in Roi Et Province) ****F4b1 – China, Taiwan (Atayal, Bunun, Saisiyat, Thao, Tsou, Ami, Makatao, ''etc.''), Philippines, Madagascar

References

External links

*General **Ian Logan'
Mitochondrial DNA Site
**Mannis van Oven'
Phylotree
*Haplogroup F

from ''

National Geographic ''National Geographic'' (formerly the ''National Geographic Magazine'', sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is a popular American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners. Known for its photojournalism, it is one of the most widely ...

'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Haplogroup F (Mtdna) F

Distribution

Table of Frequencies of MtDNA Haplogroup F

Subclades

Tree

See also

References

External links