Hamengkubuwono VIII (3 March 1880 – 22 October 1939), also spelled as Hamengkubuwana VIII, was the 8th
sultan of Yogyakarta, reigning from 1921 until his death in 1939. During his reign, he carried out the rehabilitation of the
Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
The Royal Palace of Yogyakarta ( id, Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, jv, ꦏꦿꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠꦲꦢꦶꦤꦶꦔꦿꦠ꧀) is a palace complex in the city of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is ...
building, as well as a number of other structures. He was also one of the first to support
Kyai Haji
Hajji ( ar, الحجّي; sometimes spelled Hadji, Haji, Alhaji, Al-Hadj, Al-Haj or El-Hajj) is an honorific title which is given to a Muslim who has successfully completed the Hajj to Mecca. It is also often used to refer to an elder, since it ...
Ahmad Dahlan
Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan (born as Muhammad Darwis; ar, أحمد دحلان; 1 August 1868 – 23 February 1923), often abbreviated to K.H. Ahmad Dahlan, was an Indonesian Muslim religious leader and revivalist, who established the Mu ...
in the formation of the
Muhammadiyah
Muhammadiyah ( ar, محمدية; 'followers of Muhammad'); also known as the Muhammadiyah Society ( id, Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah) is a major Islamic non-governmental organization in Indonesia.A. Jalil HamidTackle the rising cost of living longer ...
organization.
[ Ricklefs, M. C. (2001) ''A history of modern Indonesia since c.1200'' Basingstoke: Palgrave. 3rd ed. (pbk.)]
Early life and education
Early life
Hamengkubuwono VIII, born as Gusti Raden Mas Sujadi, was born on March 3, 1880. His father was the
Sultan of Yogyakarta,
Hamengkubuwono VII, while his mother was Queen consort
Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Gusti may refer to:
*Dimitrie Gusti (1880–1955), Romanian sociologist, ethnologist, historian, and philosopher
*Gusti Huber (1914–1993), Austrian theater and film actress
* Gusti Ngurah Made Pemecutan (died 1810), King in Badung
* Gusti Wolf ( ...
.
Reign
Infrastructure
During the leadership of Hamengkubuwono VIII,
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (; jv, ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ; pey, Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, ...
experienced rapid progress in the fields of
education
Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty ...
and
health
Health, according to the World Health Organization, is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity".World Health Organization. (2006)''Constitution of the World Health Organ ...
. In the field of
architecture
Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing buildings ...
, the sultan overhauled the current physical form of the
palace
A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome which ...
.
Culture
In the field of culture, a number of dances were created during his leadership, including the
Srimpi dance. It was also at this time that the standardization of classical Yogyakarta style dance standards began.
Appointment of heir
In 1939, he recalled his son,
Raden Mas Dorodjatun (later known as
Hamengkubuwono IX
Hamengkubuwono IX or HB IX (12 April 1912 – 2 October 1988) was an Indonesian statesman and royal who was the second vice president of Indonesia, the ninth sultan of Yogyakarta, and the first governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Hamen ...
), who was studying in the
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
. In
Batavia, the Sultan handed over the
kris
The kris, or ''keris'' in the Indonesian language, is an asymmetrical dagger with distinctive blade-patterning achieved through alternating laminations of iron and nickelous iron (''pamor''). Of Javanese origin, the kris is famous for its dist ...
of Kyai Ageng Joko Piturun to Gusti Raden Mas Dorojatun as a sign of royal succession, as well as a sign that it was Gusti Raden Mas Dorojatun who would later succeed as Sultan.
Death and grave
He died on 22 October 1939, at
Panti Rapih Hospital,
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (; jv, ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ; pey, Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, ...
. He is buried in Astana Saptarengga, Pajimatan
Imogiri.
References
External links
Sultans of Yogyakarta
Burials at Imogiri
1880 births
1939 deaths
Indonesian royalty
{{indonesia-bio-stub