''Hypsolebias'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of small

fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of li ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Rivulidae The Rivulidae are a family of killifishes in the order Cyprinodontiformes. They are commonly known as rivulids, South American killifish or New World killifish. The latter names are slightly misleading, however, as they are neither restricted to ...

that are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

the

Caatinga Caatinga (, ) is a type of semi-arid tropical vegetation, and an ecoregion characterized by this vegetation in interior northeastern Brazil. The name "Caatinga" is a Tupi word meaning "white forest" or "white vegetation" (''caa'' = forest, v ...

Cerrado The ''Cerrado'' (, ) is a vast ecoregion of tropical savanna in eastern Brazil, particularly in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Minas Gerais, and the Federal District. The core areas of the Cerrado biome are t ...

and nearby regions in Brazil. The greatest

species richness Species richness is the number of different species represented in an ecological community, landscape or region. Species richness is simply a count of species, and it does not take into account the abundances of the species or their relative a ...

is in the

São Francisco River The São Francisco River (, ) is a large river in Brazil. With a length of , it is the longest river that runs entirely in Brazilian territory, and the fourth longest in South America and overall in Brazil (after the Amazon, the Paraná and t ...

basin, but there are also species in the

Tocantins Tocantins () is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It is the newest state, formed in 1988 and encompassing what had formerly been the northern two-fifths of the state of Goiás. Tocantins covers and had an estimated population of 1,496,880 in 20 ...

Jequitinhonha Jequitinhonha is a Brazilian municipality located in the northeast of the state of Minas Gerais. Location The population was estimated to be 25,474 people living in a total area of 3,518 km². The city belongs to the mesoregion of Jequitinh ...

and

Jaguaribe Jaguaribe is a municipality in the state of Ceará in the Northeast region of Brazil. The municipality contains part of the reservoir of the Castanhão Dam, the largest in the state. Notable people The English author Henry Koster (1793–1820) ...

systems, as well as smaller river basins in northeastern Brazil.Britzke, R., Nielsen, D.T.B. & Oliveira, C. (2016): Description of two new species of annual fishes of the ''Hypsolebias antenori'' species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), from Northeast Brazil. ''Zootaxa, 4114 (2): 123–138.''Costa, W.J.E.M., Amorim, P.F. & Bragança, P.H.N. (2014): Species limits and phylogenetic relationships of red-finned cryptic species of the seasonal killifish genus ''Hypsolebias'' from the Brazilian semi-arid Caatinga (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). ''Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 52 (1): 52-58.'' Like their relatives, ''Hypsolebias'' are annual

killifish A killifish is any of various oviparous (egg-laying) cyprinodontiform fish (including families Aplocheilidae, Cyprinodontidae, Fundulidae, Profundulidae and Valenciidae). All together, there are 1,270 species of killifish, the biggest family ...

. The short-lived adults inhabit temporary waters like rain pools, laying their eggs in the bottom. As their habitat dries up the adults die, but the eggs survive and hatch when the water returns in the next season. The males are more colorful than the females, and male colors/patterns are a primary way of separating the different species. They are small fish that reach up to in

total length Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of their anatomies. These data are used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fisheries biology. Overall length * Standard length (SL) is the length of a fish ...

Species

Hypsolebias hamadryades live holotype and paratype

''Hypsolebias'' was formerly regarded as a subgenus of ''

Simpsonichthys ''Simpsonichthys'' is a genus of killifish from the family Rivulidae the species of which are endemic to temporary freshwater habitats like ponds in the upper Paraná, upper Araguaia, upper Jequitinhonha and São Francisco basins on the centra ...

''. Although this split is generally accepted, a genetic study indicates that ''Hypsolebias'' is not

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

. There are 35 currently recognized species in ''Hypsolebias'': * '' Hypsolebias adornatus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 2000) * '' Hypsolebias antenori'' ( Tulipano, 1973) * '' Hypsolebias auratus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 2000) * ''

Hypsolebias brunoi ''Hypsolebias'' is a genus of small fish in the family Rivulidae that are endemic the Caatinga, Cerrado and nearby regions in Brazil. The greatest species richness is in the São Francisco River basin, but there are also species in the Tocantins, ...

'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 2003) * '' Hypsolebias caeruleus'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2013Costa, W.J.E.M. (2013): ''Hypsolebias caeruleus'', a new seasonal killifish of the ''Hypsolebias adornatus'' complex from the Caatinga of north-eastern Brazil, São Francisco River basin (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (2): 141-146.'' * '' Hypsolebias carlettoi'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 2004) * '' Hypsolebias coamazonicus'' W. J. E. M. Costa, Amorim & Bragança, 2014 * '' Hypsolebias faouri'' Britzke, D. T. B. Nielsen & C. de Oliveira, 2016 * '' Hypsolebias flagellatus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 2003) * '' Hypsolebias flammeus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 1989) * '' Hypsolebias flavicaudatus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 1990) * '' Hypsolebias fulminantis'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 1993) * '' Hypsolebias ghisolfii'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, Cyrino & D. T. B. Nielsen, 1996) * '' Hypsolebias gilbertobrasili'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2012Costa, W.J.E.M., Amorim, P.F. & Mattos, J.L.O. (2012): Species delimitation in annual killifishes from the Brazilian Caatinga, the ''Hypsolebias flavicaudatus'' complex (Cypriniformes: Rivulidae): implications for taxonomy and conservation. ''Systematics and Biodiversity, 10 (1): 71-91.'' * '' Hypsolebias guanambi'' W. J. E. M. Costa & Amorim, 2011 * '' Hypsolebias harmonicus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 2010) * '' Hypsolebias hellneri'' ( Berkenkamp, 1993) * '' Hypsolebias igneus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 2000) * '' Hypsolebias janaubensis'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 2006) * '' Hypsolebias longignatus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008) * '' Hypsolebias lopesi'' ( D. T. B. Nielsen, Shibatta, Suzart & A. F. Martín, 2010) * '' Hypsolebias macaubensis'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa & Suzart, 2006) * '' Hypsolebias magnificus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 1991) * '' Hypsolebias martinsi'' Britzke, D. T. B. Nielsen & C. de Oliveira, 2016 * '' Hypsolebias mediopapillatus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 2006) * '' Hypsolebias nitens'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2012 * '' Hypsolebias notatus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, Lacerda & G. C. Brasil, 1990) * '' Hypsolebias nudiorbitatus'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2011Costa, W.J.E.M. (2011): ''Hypsolebias nudiorbitatus'', a new seasonal killifish from the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil, Itapicuru River basin (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 22 (3): 221-226.'' * '' Hypsolebias picturatus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 2000) * '' Hypsolebias pterophyllus'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2012 * '' Hypsolebias radiosus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 2004) * '' Hypsolebias radiseriatus'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2012 * '' Hypsolebias sertanejo'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2012 * '' Hypsolebias shibattai'' D. T. B. Nielsen, M. Martins, L. M. de Araújo & Suzart, 2014Nielsen, D.T.B., Martins, M., Araujo, L.M.d. & Suzart, R.d.R. (2014): ''Hypsolebias shibattai'', a new species of annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil. ''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 20 (1): 27-34.'' * '' Hypsolebias tocantinensis'' D. T. B. Nielsen, J. C. da Cruz & A. C. Baptista, 2012Nielsen, D.T.B., Cruz, J.C. & Baptista, A.C.Jr. (2012): A new species of annual fish, ''Hypsolebias tocantinensis'' sp.n. (Cyprinodontiformes:Rivulidae) from the rio Tocantins basin, northeastern Brazil. ''Zootaxa, 3527: 63–71.'' * '' Hypsolebias trifasciatus'' D. T. B. Nielsen, M. Martins, L. M. de Araújo, F. O. de Lira & A. F. Martín, 2014Nielsen, D.T.B., Martins, M., Araujo, L.M.d., Lira, F.O.d. & Faour, A. (2014): ''Hypsolebias trifasciatus'', a new species of annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio Preto, rio São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil. ''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 20 (3): 131-138.''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q949131 Rivulidae Freshwater fish genera