''Hypholoma'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ...

which are quite well known due to the commonness of

sulphur tuft ''Hypholoma fasciculare'', commonly known as the sulphur tuft or clustered woodlover, is a common woodland mushroom, often in evidence when hardly any other mushrooms are to be found. This saprotrophic small gill fungus grows prolifically in la ...

(''Hypholoma fasciculare'') on stumps in

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...

woodlands. Species in this genus are easily recognizable because the dark

spore In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, f ...

s create a distinctive greenish effect on the yellow

cap A cap is a flat headgear, usually with a visor. Caps have crowns that fit very close to the head. They made their first appearance as early as 3200 BC. Caps typically have a visor, or no brim at all. They are popular in casual and informal se ...

underside. ''Hypholoma'' means "mushrooms with threads" because of the thread-like

veil A veil is an article of clothing or hanging cloth that is intended to cover some part of the head or face, or an object of some significance. Veiling has a long history in European, Asian, and African societies. The practice has been prominent ...

that connects the cap to the stem when young and for the bundles of

rhizomorph Mycelial cords are linear aggregations of parallel-oriented hyphae. The mature cords are composed of wide, empty vessel hyphae surrounded by narrower sheathing hyphae. Cords may look similar to plant roots, and also frequently have similar functio ...

s which radiate outwards from the

stem Stem or STEM may refer to: Plant structures * Plant stem, a plant's aboveground axis, made of vascular tissue, off which leaves and flowers hang * Stipe (botany), a stalk to support some other structure * Stipe (mycology), the stem of a mushro ...

base.Paul Stamets
''Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms''
p. 239, Ten Speed Press, 3rd ed. (2000), Other well-known species are '' H. capnoides'' and '' H. lateritium''.

Synonyms

Sometimes ''Hypholoma'' has not been considered a genus in its own right, but it has been grouped together with ''

Stropharia The genus ''Stropharia'' (sometimes known by the common name roundheads) is a group of medium to large agarics with a distinct membranous ring on the stipe. Well-known members of this genus include the edible ''Stropharia rugosoannulata'' and th ...

'' and ''

Psilocybe ''Psilocybe'' ( ) is a genus of gilled mushrooms, growing worldwide, in the family Hymenogastraceae. Most or nearly all species contain the psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin. Taxonomy Taxonomic history A 2002 study of the mole ...

'' under the name of ''Geophila'', ''Naematoloma'', or ''Nematoloma''.

General characteristics

* The fruiting bodies mostly have a central stipe. Some are medium-sized and there are also smaller species. The caps range in colour from yellow/brown to brick red. * The spore colour is dark brown to black. * The cap is smooth. * The developing mushroom is enveloped in a veil, but in ''Hypholoma'' this can be seen only in very young examples. This means that there is no well-defined ring, and nor are there distinctive flakes on the cap, but there may be cottony ring zones on the stipe, sometimes coloured by the dark spores. * The genus is widespread throughout the world and its best known representatives grow on dead wood, whilst some others grow in moss, sometimes on

moors The term Moor, derived from the ancient Mauri, is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. Moors are not a distinct or ...

Species

*'' H. acutum'' *'' H. aporum'' *'' H. australe'' *'' H. australianum'' *'' H. brunneum'' *'' H. californicum'' * Mycomorphbox Edible

'' H. capnoides'' *'' H. castilloi'' *'' H. confusum'' *'' H. dispersum'' *'' H. elongatum'' *'' H. epixanthum'' *'' H. ericaeoides'' *'' H. ericaeum'' *'' H. eximium'' * Mycomorphbox Poison

'' H. fasciculare'' *'' H. flavorhizum'' *'' H. flavovirens'' *'' H. fragile'' *'' H. frowardii'' *'' H. laeticolor'' * Mycomorphbox Edible

'' H. lateritium'' *'' H. litorale'' *'' H. marginatum'' *'' H. murinacea'' *'' H. myosotis'' *'' H. ornellum'' *'' H. peckianum'' *'' H. peregrinum'' *'' H. perplexum'' *'' H. polylepidis'' *'' H. polytrichi'' *'' H. popperianum'' *'' H. puiggarii'' *'' H. radicosoides'' *'' H. radicosum'' *'' H. rickenii'' *'' H. rubrococcineum'' *'' H. solitarium'' *'' H. subdispersum'' *'' H. subericaeum'' *'' H. subviride'' *'' H. vinosum'' *'' H. xanthocephalum''

Gallery

Image:Hypholoma capnoides.jpg, ''Hypholoma capnoides'' File:Hypholoma fasciculare 040926w.jpg, ''Hypholoma fasciculare'' File:Hypholoma fasciculare (1).JPG, ''Hypholoma fasciculare'' File:Hypholoma.radicosum.-.lindsey.jpg, ''Hypholoma radicosum''

References

{{Authority control Agaricales genera Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries

Synonyms

General characteristics

Species

Gallery

See also

References