''Hypatima'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of the
twirler moth family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
(Gelechiidae). Among these, it belongs to a distinct lineage, which is variously treated as
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...
Chelariini in
subfamilies
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...
Dichomeridinae
Dichomeridinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Gelechiidae.
Distribution
Almost worldwide, except the Arctic and Antarctic regions.
Diversity
The subfamily formerly included three tribes, about 29 genera and about 900 species. However, a ...
(like done here),
Gelechiinae
Gelechiinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1854.
Taxonomy
The subfamily includes the following tribes and genera:
*Litini Bruand, 1859
**'' Agnippe'' Chambers, 1872
**'' Altenia ...
, or even
Pexicopiinae, and historically was considered a subfamily in its own right, Chelariinae. Of this lineage, ''Hypatima'' – under its
junior synonym
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.
* In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linna ...
''Chelaria'' – is the
type genus
In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name.
Zoological nomenclature
According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal f ...
. This genus has numerous species, but its exact limits are not quite clear (see below). This genus occurs mainly in the
Southern Hemisphere, though one of the better-known species is the only member of this genus native to Europe, the
lobster-clawed moth
The lobster-clawed moth (''Hypatima rhomboidella'') is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in most of Europe, except for the Iberian Peninsula and most of the Balkan Peninsula. In the east, the range extends to Siberia and Taiwan.
The ...
(''H. rhomboidella'').
Species
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
of ''Hypatima'' include:
* ''
Hypatima acicula''
Park & Ponomarenko, 1999
* ''
Hypatima acris''
Park, 1995
* ''
Hypatima agriogramma''
(Meyrick, 1926)
* ''
Hypatima albogrisea
''Hypatima albogrisea'' is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Walsingham in 1881. It is found in South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga).
The wingspan
The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance ...
''
(Walsingham, 1881)
* ''
Hypatima ammonura
''Hypatima ammonura'' is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
The wingspan
The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is ...
''
(Meyrick, 1921)
* ''
Hypatima anguinea
''Hypatima anguinea'' is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1913. It is found in Assam in India and in Thailand.
The wingspan
The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one ...
''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima anthotypa
''Hypatima anthotypa'' is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1939. It is found on Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Ind ...
''
(Meyrick, 1939)
* ''
Hypatima antiastis
''Hypatima antiastis'' is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1929. It is found in India, where it has been recorded from the Andaman Islands
The Andaman Islands () are an archipelago in the northeastern I ...
''
(Meyrick, 1929)
* ''
Hypatima antsianakella
''Hypatima antsianakella'' is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Viette in 1956. It is found in Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links ...
''
Viette, 1956
* ''
Hypatima apparitrix
''Hypatima apparitrix'' is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921. It is found on Java in Indonesia.
The wingspan
The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to ...
''
(Meyrick, 1921)
* ''
Hypatima aridella
''Hypatima aridella'' is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found on Borneo
Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic ce ...
''
(Walker, 1864)
* ''
Hypatima arignota
''Hypatima arignota'' is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1916. It is found in the Indian state of Assam, Myanmar, Thailand and possibly Taiwan.
The wingspan is about 13 mm. The forewings are ochreous w ...
''
(Meyrick, 1916)
* ''
Hypatima artochroma
''Hypatima artochroma'' is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Alexey Diakonoff in 1954. It is found in New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest isl ...
''
Diakonoff, 1954
* ''
Hypatima attenuata''
(Meyrick, 1920)
* ''
Hypatima baliodes''
(Lower, 1920)
* ''
Hypatima binummulata''
(Meyrick, 1929)
* ''
Hypatima brachyrrhiza''
(Meyrick, 1921)
* ''
Hypatima caryodora''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima cirrhospila''
(Meyrick, 1920)
* ''
Hypatima corynetis''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima cryptopluta''
Diakonoff, 1954
* ''
Hypatima cyrtopleura''
(Turner, 1919)
* ''
Hypatima demonstrata''
(Meyrick, 1920)
* ''
Hypatima dermatica''
(Meyrick, 1921)
* ''
Hypatima deviella''
(Walker, 1864)
* ''
Hypatima discissa''
(Meyrick, 1916)
* ''
Hypatima disetosella''
Park, 1995
* ''
Hypatima disposita''
(Meyrick, 1931)
* ''
Hypatima dissidens''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima ephippias''
(Meyrick, 1937)
* ''
Hypatima ericta''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima euchorda''
(Meyrick, 1923)
* ''
Hypatima euplecta''
(Meyrick, 1904)
* ''
Hypatima excellentella''
Ponomarenko, 1991
* ''
Hypatima formidolosa''
(Meyrick, 1916)
* ''
Hypatima haligramma''
(Meyrick, 1926)
* ''
Hypatima harpophora''
(Meyrick, 1921)
* ''
Hypatima hora''
(Busck, 1914)
* ''
Hypatima improba''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima indica''
(Swinhoe, 1885)
* ''
Hypatima instaurata''
(Meyrick, 1921)
* ''
Hypatima iophana''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima isopogon''
(Meyrick, 1929)
* ''
Hypatima isoptila''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima isotricha''
(Meyrick, 1921)
* ''
Hypatima issikiana''
Park, 1995
* ''
Hypatima lactifera''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima lecticata''
(Meyrick, 1926)
* ''
Hypatima loxosaris''
(Meyrick, 1918)
* ''
Hypatima mancipata''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima mangiferae''
Satter, 1989
* ''
Hypatima manjakatompo''
Viette, 1956
* ''
Hypatima melanecta''
(Meyrick, 1914)
* ''
Hypatima melanocharis''
(Meyrick, 1934)
* ''
Hypatima meliptila''
(Meyrick, 1926)
* ''
Hypatima metaphorica''
(Meyrick, 1921)
* ''
Hypatima microgramma''
(Meyrick, 1920)
* ''
Hypatima mycetinopa''
(Meyrick, 1934)
* ''
Hypatima nigrogrisea''
Janse, 1949
* ''
Hypatima nimbigera''
(Meyrick, 1926)
* ''
Hypatima nodifera''
(Meyrick, 1930)
* ''
Hypatima orthomochla''
(Meyrick, 1932)
* ''
Hypatima orthostathma''
(Meyrick, 1921)
* ''
Hypatima ovata''
Park & Ponomarenko, 1999
* ''
Hypatima parichniota''
(Meyrick, 1938)
* ''
Hypatima particulata''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima pentagonia''
Park & Ponomarenko, 1999
* ''
Hypatima perinetella''
Viette, 1956
* ''
Hypatima phacelota''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima pilosella''
(Walker, 1864)
* ''
Hypatima probolaea''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima procax''
(Meyrick, 1911)
* ''
Hypatima rhicnota''
(Meyrick, 1916)
* ''
Hypatima rhomboidella'' – lobster-clawed moth
* ''
Hypatima scopulosa''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima scotia''
(Turner, 1919)
* ''
Hypatima silvestris''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima simulacrella''
(Meyrick, 1904)
* ''
Hypatima solutrix''
(Meyrick, 1911)
* ''
Hypatima sorograpta''
(Meyrick, 1931)
* ''
Hypatima spathota''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima sphenophora''
(Meyrick, 1904)
* ''
Hypatima stasimodes''
(Meyrick, 1931)
* ''
Hypatima stenosa''
Park & Ponomarenko, 1999
* ''
Hypatima subdentata''
Diakonoff, 1954
* ''
Hypatima sublectella''
(Walker, 1864)
* ''
Hypatima syncrypta''
(Meyrick, 1916)
* ''
Hypatima tenebrosa''
(Meyrick, 1920)
* ''
Hypatima tephroplintha''
(Meyrick, 1923)
* ''
Hypatima tephroptila''
(Meyrick, 1931)
* ''
Hypatima teramotoi''
Ueda, 2012
* ''
Hypatima tessulata''
(Meyrick, 1921)
* ''
Hypatima tetraptila''
(Meyrick 1909)
* ''
Hypatima tonsa''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima toreuta''
(Turner, 1919)
* ''
Hypatima trachymorpha''
(Meyrick, 1927)
* ''
Hypatima trachyspila''
(Meyrick, 1933)
* ''
Hypatima triannulata''
(Meyrick, 1911)
* ''
Hypatima tricosma''
(Meyrick, 1933)
* ''
Hypatima venefica''
Ponomarenko, 1991
* ''
Hypatima verticosa''
(Meyrick, 1913)
* ''
Hypatima vinculata''
Pathania and Rose, 2003
* ''
Hypatima xerophanta''
(Meyrick, 1930)
* ''
Hypatima xylotechna''
(Meyrick, 1932)
* ''
Hypatima zesticopa''
(Meyrick, 1929)
Former species
* ''
Hypatima austerodes''
(Meyrick, 1918)
* ''
Hypatima conscriptella''
(Hübner, 1805)
* ''
Hypatima praemaculata''
(Meyrick, 1931)
Taxonomy and systematics
The genus ''Hypatima'' was established by
Jacob Hübner
Jacob Hübner (20 June 1761 – 13 September 1826, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist. He was the author of ''Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge'' (1796–1805), a founding work of entomology.
Scientific career
Hübner was the author of '' ...
about 1825, though some authors mistakenly credited
G.A.W. Herrich-Schäffer to have done it about 1853. Herrich-Schäffer, however, only cited the genus as established by Hübner. As regards ''Chelaria'', this has been treated as distinct genus by several authors. But this was based on the mistaken assumption that its
type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...
, ''"Chelaria conscripta"'', was a distinct
taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...
. However, it is merely an unjustified name-change of ''
Hypatima conscriptella'', and hence ''Hypatima'' and ''Chelaria'' are
objective synonym
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.
* In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnae ...
s.
A group within this genus is remarkably similar to ''
Chelophoba melaina'', an enigmatic species that is generally assigned to the twirler moth
subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...
Pexicopiinae, though its exact relationships therein are obscure. As remarked above, the
Chelariini have occasionally been allied with the Pexicopiinae. In any case, it is not impossible that this group might be better assigned to ''
Chelophoba''.
Synonyms
Due to its somewhat convoluted
taxonomic
Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification.
A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...
history, there are many
junior synonym
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.
* In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linna ...
s or otherwise invalid
scientific name
In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...
s for ''Hypatima'' moths. Some of these might theoretically apply as
subgenus
In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.
In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...
names, but this is not usually done pending a thorough review of the genus. The obsolete scientific names are:
[Pitkin & Jenkins (2004b), ABRS (2010)]
* ''Allocota''
Meyrick, 1904 (''non'' Motschulsky, 1860: preoccupied
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.
* In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linn ...
)
* ''Allocotaniana''
Strand, 1913
* ''Cellaria''
(''lapsus
In philology, a lapsus (Latin for "lapse, slip, error") is an involuntary mistake made while writing or speaking.
Investigations
In 1895 an investigation into verbal slips was undertaken by a philologist and a psychologist, Rudolf Meringer and K ...
'')
* ''Chelaria''
Haworth, 1828
* ''Cheleria''
(''lapsus'')
* ''Cymatomorpha''
Meyrick, 1904
* ''Deuteroptila''
Meyrick, 1904
* ''Episacta''
Turner, 1919
* ''Hypatina''
(''lapsus'')
* ''Semodictis''
Meyrick, 1909
* ''Stomylia''
Snellen, 1878
* ''Tituacia''
Walker, 1864
Footnotes
References
* (2010): Australian Faunal Directory &ndash
''Hypatima'' Version of 2010-NOV-18. Retrieved 2011-OCT-17.
* (1986): Pyralidae and Microlepidoptera of the Marquesas Archipelago. ''Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology'' 416: 1-485
PDF fulltext (214 MB!)
* (2011)
''Hypatima'' Version 2.4, 2011-JAN-27. Retrieved 2011-OCT-17.
* (2004a)
Butterflies and Moths of the World, Generic Names and their Type-species&ndash
''Chelaria'' Version of 2004-NOV-05. Retrieved 2011-OCT-17.
* (2004b)
Butterflies and Moths of the World, Generic Names and their Type-species&ndash
''Hypatima'' Hübner, 1825 Version of 2004-NOV-05. Retrieved 2011-OCT-17.
* (2004c)
Butterflies and Moths of the World, Generic Names and their Type-species&ndash
''Hypatima'' Herrich-Schäffer, 1953 ' sic.html" ;"title="' 'sic'' Version of 2004-NOV-05. Retrieved 2011-OCT-17.
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Hypatima">
Dichomeridinae
Moth genera">sic">'sic'' Version of 2004-NOV-05. Retrieved 2011-OCT-17.
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Dichomeridinae
Moth genera