The HyNor-project was a nationally supported project which purpose was to facilitate and coordinate the introduction of hydrogen as a fuel in

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...

, running from 2003 to 2012. Toward the commercial introduction of

hydrogen vehicles A hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle that uses hydrogen fuel for motive power. Hydrogen vehicles include hydrogen-fueled space rockets, as well as ships and aircraft. Power is generated by converting the chemical energy of hydrogen to mechanical energy ...

in 2015, the HyNor-project focused on acquiring an early pre-commercial fleet of hydrogen vehicles, and keeping a close dialogue with the leading car manufacturers and other similar initiatives in the

Nordic countries The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or ''Norden''; literal translation, lit. 'the North') are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic. It includes the sovereign states of Denmar ...

and around the world.

History

The HyNor-project started out as a

hydrogen highway A hydrogen highway is a chain of hydrogen-equipped public filling stations, along a road or highway, that allows hydrogen powered cars to travel. It is an element of the hydrogen infrastructure that is generally assumed to be a pre-requisite for ma ...

-project in

. It was initiated by large industrial actors such as

Statoil Equinor ASA (formerly Statoil and StatoilHydro) is a Norwegian state owned enterprise, state-owned multinational energy company headquartered in Stavanger. It is primarily a petroleum company, petroleum company, operating in 36 countries with ad ...

and

Norsk Hydro Norsk Hydro ASA (often referred to as just ''Hydro'') is a Norwegian aluminium and renewable energy company, headquartered in Oslo. It is one of the largest aluminium companies worldwide. It has operations in some 50 countries around the world an ...

in 2003 with the goal of a market-realistic demonstration of

hydrogen Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element. At standard conditions hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula . It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, an ...

refuelling stations, as well as

. Several hydrogen refuelling stations were built along the route from Oslo to Stavanger.

's first hydrogen fueling station was opened in 2006 near

Stavanger Stavanger (, , American English, US usually , ) is a city and municipalities of Norway, municipality in Norway. It is the fourth largest city and third largest metropolitan area in Norway (through conurbation with neighboring Sandnes) and the a ...

, the second in Porsgrunn in 2007, and two stations were opened in Oslo and Lier in 2009. There were also hydrogen stations planned for Bergen and Lyngdal, but these projects were never carried out. The official opening of the HyNor

-project took place on 11 May 2009 in Oslo, and most of the stations, except for the one in

are still in operation today. The infrastructure is part of the

Scandinavian hydrogen highway partnership The Scandinavian hydrogen highway partnership is a collaboration started in June 2006 to connect the hydrogen highways hydrogen link network (Denmark), Hyfuture (Sweden) and Hynor (Norway). The planned highway is part of the hydrogen infrastructu ...

. In October 2011, Statoil announced they wanted to close the hydrogen refuelling stations in

Porsgrunn is a city and municipality in Telemark in the county of Vestfold og Telemark in Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Grenland. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Porsgrunn. The municipality of Porsgrunn w ...

Drammen Drammen () is a city and municipality in Viken (county), Viken, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and village ...

and

Oslo Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of ...

after 2012. A new company, HyOP, was established to take over the ownership and operation of the stations, and has done so since May 2012. In June 2012 a new refueling station was opened at Akershus EnergiPark in

Skedsmo Skedsmo was a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Romerike. The administrative centre of the municipality was the town of Lillestrøm. About one third of the municipal population lived in Lillestrøm. ...

. Investment in hydrogen technology has continued. In 2017, Akershus county put aside 19.5 million kronor to invest in continuing the hydrogen bus scheme into 2019. As at December 2020, IFE's Hynor fuel cell and hydrogen technology test center was located in Kjeller.

Vehicles

The HyNor-project has tested several different hydrogen vehicles: *15 retrofitted

Toyota Prius The is a car built by Toyota which has a Hybrid vehicle drivetrain, hybrid drivetrain, combining an internal combustion engine with an electric motor. Initially offered as a four-door Sedan (automobile), sedan, it has been produced only as ...

hydrogen internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles (2007–2012) *4

Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE The Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE is a 2003 bi-fuel version of the RX-8 sports car, in which the twin-rotor wankel rotary engine is configured to run on either hydrogen or gasoline. This is the fifth Mazda vehicle to be fitted with a hydrogen wankel r ...

dual fuel hydrogen/gasoline ICE vehicles (2009–2012) *10 Mercedes-Benz B-class F-CELL (2011–2014) *5 Think City hydrogen cars *2

Hyundai ix35 FCEV The Hyundai ix35 FCEV or Tucson FCEV is a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle developed by Hyundai. The model is a left-hand drive only conversion to the SUV platform it is based on and was the first of its type to be mass-produced and sold comme ...

Current station network

- H₂ from

natural gas Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbo ...

reforming (

steam reforming Steam reforming or steam methane reforming (SMR) is a method for producing syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) by reaction of hydrocarbons with water. Commonly natural gas is the feedstock. The main purpose of this technology is hydrogen product ...

HCNG HCNG or H2CNG (hydrogen compressed natural gas) is a mixture of compressed natural gas and 4–9 percent hydrogen by energy. It may be used as a fuel gas for internal combustion engines and home appliances. (regarding the acronyms in the above emi ...

8%, at 350 and 700

Bar Bar or BAR may refer to: Food and drink * Bar (establishment), selling alcoholic beverages * Candy bar * Chocolate bar Science and technology * Bar (river morphology), a deposit of sediment * Bar (tropical cyclone), a layer of cloud * Bar (u ...

(shut down in November 2011) *

- H₂ byproduct from

chlorine Chlorine is a chemical element with the Symbol (chemistry), symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate betwee ...

production, 700 bar refueling *

- Trucked-in hydrogen, 700 bar refueling (shutdown in 2015 and moved to Oslo airport Gardermoen) *

- Trucked-in hydrogen, 700 bar refueling *

- Gaustad - On-site electrolysis (10 Nm3/h), 700 bar refueling *

- Rosenholm - On-site electrolysis (2x60 Nm3/h), 350 bar refueling (bus-only station) *

Lillestrøm Lillestrøm is a municipality in Viken county. It is located in the traditional district of Romerike. With a population of 85,757 inhabitants, it is the fourth most populated municipality in Viken. It was founded on 1 January 2020 as a merger be ...

- H₂ from

biogas Biogas is a mixture of gases, primarily consisting of methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide, produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste and food waste. It is a ...

via Sorption Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming(SE-SMR) and solar

electrolysis In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. Electrolysis is commercially important as a stage in the separation of elements from n ...

, 700 bar refueling.Innovation Zone of the Hynor Lillestrøm Hydrogen Station Now Open
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References

Notes

External links