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''Hyloxalus'' is a genus of
poison dart frog
Poison dart frog (also known as dart-poison frog, poison frog or formerly known as poison arrow frog) is the common name of a group of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae which are native to tropical Central and South America. These species are ...
s, family Dendrobatidae. The genus is distributed in Central and South America, from Panama south to Peru (along the Pacific coast), along with Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador. They also inhabit the eastern foothills of the Andes
The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long, wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S ...
in Bolivia to Venezuela, east to the upper Amazon Basin
The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries. The Amazon drainage basin covers an area of about , or about 35.5 percent of the South American continent. It is located in the countries of Bolivi ...
.
Description
''Hyloxalus'' are small to moderate-size frogs, ranging from about insnout–vent length
Snout–vent length (SVL) is a morphometric measurement taken in herpetology from the tip of the snout to the most posterior opening of the cloacal slit (vent)."direct line distance from tip of snout to posterior margin of vent" It is the most c ...
. Most species have cryptic, brown, gray, or black dorsal coloration, but some have conspicuous, bright colors (e.g., ''Hyloxalus azureiventris
The sky-blue poison frog (''Hyloxalus azureiventris'') is a species of poison dart frog. It is endemic to Peru and known from the lower eastern versant of the Andes in the upper Amazon basin of the San Martín Region.
Habitat and ecology
The ...
''). A pale oblique lateral stripe is always present. Toe webbing is absent in most species but is present in some species and can even be extensive. Fingers bear narrow to moderately expanded discs.
Reproduction
Most species deposits their eggs in terrestrial nests and transport thetadpole
A tadpole is the larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial. Tadpoles have some fish-like features that may not be found i ...
s to pools on the forest floor or in backwaters of streams. ''Hyloxalus chlorocraspedus
''Hyloxalus chlorocraspedus'' is a species of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae. It is only known from two locations: its type locality near Porto Walter, Acre state in Brazil, and another locality in the Ucayali Region of Peru.
Its natural ...
'' uses pools formed in fallen trees.
Species
As of early 2022, there are 63 recognized species:References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q135031 Poison dart frogs Amphibian genera Amphibians of South America Amphibians of Central America Taxa named by Marcos Jiménez de la Espada